RBSE Solutions Class 8 Social Science Chapter 22 National Movement

Rajasthan Board Class 8 Social Science Textbook Questions Solved

 

Question 1. (i) When was the Indian National Congress formed?
(a) 1885
(b) 1919
(c) 1942
(d) 1905
Answer: (a) 1885
In simple words: The Indian National Congress was started in the year 1885. This was a very important group in India's fight for freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1885 as a key date for the start of India's freedom movement.

 

Question 1. (ii) When was the First War of Independence held?
(a) 1897
(b) 1857
(c) 1947
(d) 1950
Answer: (b) 1857
In simple words: The first big fight for India's freedom happened in 1857. This event marked a major uprising against British rule in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: The First War of Independence in 1857 is crucial for understanding early resistance against the British.

 

Question 2. Who is the author of 'Chetavani Ra Chungtya'?
Answer: Kesari Singh Barhath was the writer of the well-known work 'Chetavani-Ra-Chungtya'. This work played a role in inspiring people during the freedom struggle.
In simple words: Kesari Singh Barhath wrote 'Chetavani-Ra-Chungtya'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For authors and titles, remember to spell both the name and the work correctly for full marks.

 

Question 3. Write the name of the Revolutionaries of Rajasthan.
Answer: Many brave individuals from Rajasthan participated in the fight for freedom. Some notable revolutionaries were:
(i) Arjun Lal Sethi
(ii) Rao Gopal Singh Kharva
(iii) Kesari Singh Barhath
(iv) Pratap Singh Barhath
(v) Joravar Singh Barhath
These figures often worked secretly to oppose British rule.
In simple words: Important freedom fighters from Rajasthan included Arjun Lal Sethi, Rao Gopal Singh Kharva, Kesari Singh Barhath, Pratap Singh Barhath, and Joravar Singh Barhath.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a list of names, try to recall at least 3-5 names to show broad knowledge.

 

Question 5. Who were 'Lal-Bal-Pal'? write their names?
Answer: 'Lal-Bal-Pal' was a famous trio of nationalist leaders. They were Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab, Bipin Chandra Pal from Bengal, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak from Maharashtra. These three leaders were known for their strong nationalistic views and played a big part in India's freedom struggle.
In simple words: 'Lal-Bal-Pal' were three important leaders: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. They came from Punjab, Bengal, and Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember not just their names but also the regions they represented, as this adds depth to your answer.

 

Question 6. Describe the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh.
Answer: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre happened on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. People had gathered for a peaceful meeting to protest the Rowlatt Act. Suddenly, General Dyer ordered his soldiers to fire at the unarmed crowd, causing many deaths. Later, the revolutionary Udham Singh killed General Dyer in London as revenge. This event shocked the entire nation.
In simple words: In 1919, many people met peacefully at Jallianwala Bagh to protest. General Dyer ordered his soldiers to shoot them, killing many. Later, Udham Singh killed General Dyer in London.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points for Jallianwala Bagh are the date (13th April 1919), location (Amritsar), cause (protest against Rowlatt Act), person responsible (General Dyer), and the impact on the national movement.

 

Question 7. Describe the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'.
Answer: The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. Its goal was to peacefully break unfair British laws without using any violence. Indians were not allowed to make their own salt without government permission. Gandhi led a large march from Gujarat to Dandi to illegally make salt. Even with police force, people kept marching with slogans like "Bharat Mata Ki Jai." This non-violent movement became very famous.
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. People peacefully broke unfair laws, like making salt without permission, to protest British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Gandhi's movements, highlight the year, the main objective (e.g., breaking laws peacefully), and a key event like the Dandi March.

 

Question 8. Describe the 'Quit India Movement'.
Answer: The Quit India Movement began in 1942, during World War II, with the clear slogan "Quit India," demanding that the British leave India immediately. Mahatma Gandhi led this powerful movement. The British government responded by arresting all major leaders. Since this significant event happened in August 1942, it is also known as the August Revolution. This was a crucial mass movement for India's independence.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement started in 1942, asking the British to leave India. Mahatma Gandhi led it, and many leaders were arrested. It is also known as the August Revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1942, the slogan "Quit India," and Mahatma Gandhi's leadership as central to this movement.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

 

I. (i) Civil disobedience movement was launched by Gandhiji in-
(a) 1930
(b) 1931
(c) 1932
(d) 1933
Answer: (a) 1930
In simple words: The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. This movement aimed for Indians to peacefully refuse to obey certain British laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Civil Disobedience Movement directly to Mahatma Gandhi and the year 1930.

 

I. (ii) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at-
(a) Amritsar
(b) Jalandhar
(c) Panipat
(d) Delhi
Answer: (a) Amritsar
In simple words: The tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre happened in Amritsar, a city in Punjab. This event involved a brutal attack on peaceful protesters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you remember Amritsar as the exact location of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

II. Fill In The Blank

 

II. (i) Lord Curzon issued an ordinance dividing the province of Bengal ............
Answer: Into two parts.
In simple words: Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, issued an order that split the large province of Bengal into two separate parts. This partition led to widespread protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: The partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon into 'two parts' is a key event leading to nationalist movements.

 

II. (ii) Gandhiji started the non-cooperation Movement in ............
Answer: 1920.
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in the year 1920. This movement encouraged Indians to withdraw cooperation from the British government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the Non-Cooperation Movement with Mahatma Gandhi and the year 1920.

 

II. (iii) Jallianwala Bagh massacre was committed by ............
Answer: General Dyer.
In simple words: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was carried out under the command of General Dyer. He ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed crowd.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember General Dyer's name as the British officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

 

II. (iv) Quit India movement was launched in ............
Answer: 1942.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement, a major push for British withdrawal from India, was launched in 1942. This occurred during the challenging times of World War II.

🎯 Exam Tip: The year 1942 is the most important detail for the launch of the Quit India Movement.

III. Answer The Questions

 

Question 1. Give the meaning of Swadeshi?
Answer: Swadeshi literally means 'of one's own country'. Its main goal was to improve society both socially and economically, especially for local workers. Mahatma Gandhi believed that boycotting goods made in other countries would hurt the British economy and help India. The movement encouraged using Indian-made products.
In simple words: Swadeshi means 'from one's own country'. It aimed to help local businesses and people by using Indian goods and boycotting foreign ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Swadeshi as 'of one's own country' and mention its economic and social goals, often linked to boycotting foreign goods.

 

Question 3. Why was Simon Commission boycotted by the Indians?
Answer: Indians boycotted the Simon Commission because it did not include any Indian members. This was seen as a deliberate insult and a challenge to India's self-rule aspirations, as the commission was meant to recommend constitutional reforms for India.
In simple words: Indians boycotted the Simon Commission because it had no Indian members. They felt it was unfair for an all-British group to decide India's future.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core reason for boycotting the Simon Commission was the absence of Indian representation.

IV. Match The Column A With Column B

 

Answer:
(i) (c) 8 August 1942
(ii) (d) Motilal Nehru & C.R. Das
(iii) (a) Executed on 23rd March 1931
(iv) (b) Resolution passed in Lahore
(v) (f) Home Rule
(vi) (e) Partition of Bengal
In simple words: This matching exercise connects historical events and figures with their corresponding dates or roles. For example, the Quit India Movement started on 8 August 1942, and Bhagat Singh was executed on 23rd March 1931.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand the relationship between each pair rather than just memorizing; often it's a person and their achievement, or an event and its year.