RBSE Solutions Class 8 Social Science Chapter 21 Indian Administration Under the British

Rajasthan Board Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 21 Indian Administration Under the British Rule

Rajasthan Board Class 8 Social Science Textbook Questions Solved

Question 1. Who was the first viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Sir John Lawrence
(d) Lord Mayo
Answer: (a) Lord Canning
In simple words: Lord Canning was the very first viceroy who represented the British Crown in India. He took over this important role after the Revolt of 1857.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the historical context; the title "Viceroy" replaced "Governor-General" after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, making Lord Canning the first to hold this new position.

Question 2. Federal Court was formed under which Act?
Answer: The Federal Court was established because of the Government of India Act of 1935. This act brought many important changes to how India was governed by the British.
In simple words: India's Federal Court was created by the Government of India Act of 1935.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about specific historical institutions, always link them to the founding act or legislation, as this shows a clear understanding of the legal framework.

Question 3. What is known as the commercialization of agriculture?
Answer: Commercialization of agriculture means growing crops on a very large scale so that they can be sold in the market for profit. This is different from growing crops only for a family's own use at home. This shift aimed to connect Indian agriculture with the global economy.
In simple words: Commercial agriculture is when farmers grow lots of crops to sell for money, not just to eat themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain economic terms clearly, always contrast them with their opposite or traditional meaning (e.g., commercial vs. subsistence farming).

Question 4. Why is Lord Minto called the father of Communal electorate system?
Answer: Lord Minto is called the father of the Communal Electorate System because he played a key role in passing the Morley-Minto reforms Act of 1909. This act created a separate system where Muslims would elect their own representatives in special voting areas. This system was a significant step towards dividing communities in India politically.
In simple words: Lord Minto is known as the father of the Communal Electorate System because he helped pass a law in 1909 that gave Muslims separate voting areas to choose their own leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing historical figures and their titles (like 'father of a system'), mention the specific event or act they were involved in, along with the year, to provide full context.

Question 5. What do you mean by the dyarchy?
Answer: Dyarchy was a system of dual government introduced by the British in India, primarily under the Government of India Act 1919. In this system, some areas of governance were transferred to elected Indian ministers, while others were kept by British officials. This was an early attempt to introduce self-governance, though limited.
In simple words: Dyarchy was a British system where power in provinces was divided, with some parts managed by Indian ministers and others by British rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key political terms clearly, stating when and where they were applied, and explain the core idea of how power was shared or divided.

Question 6. What was the aim of the British in attracting the society in their favour by doing social-reforms and education?
Answer: The British wanted to make Indian society like them through social reforms and education for several reasons. They wanted Indian workers for their company who would accept lower salaries. They also aimed to spread Christianity and needed Indian cooperation to help with administrative tasks. This helped them maintain control and operate more efficiently.
In simple words: The British made social changes and gave education to Indians to get cheap workers, spread their religion, and gain help for running the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining British motives, always consider the economic, religious, and administrative benefits they sought from their policies in India.

Question 7. Write a brief note on Vernacular Press Act.
Answer: The Vernacular Press Act was a law passed by the British government to control Indian-language newspapers. This act allowed the District Magistrate to demand a bond paper from any newspaper that published content against the government. It essentially took away the freedom of Indian language newspapers, restricting criticism against British rule.
In simple words: The Vernacular Press Act was a British law that stopped Indian language newspapers from printing anything against the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a note on an act, mention its purpose, key provisions (like who had power), and its impact (like suppressing freedom).

Question 8. What changes took place in the military department on the recommendations of Peel Commission?
Answer: Following the recommendations of the Peel Commission, the British reorganised the army significantly. They increased the number of European soldiers compared to Indian Sepoys. Army units were also divided based on caste, community, and religion, which helped the British implement their "Divide and Rule" policy. This restructuring was a direct response to the 1857 Revolt.
In simple words: After the Peel Commission, the British army was changed a lot: more European soldiers were added, and Indian regiments were split by caste and religion to create divisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing commissions, always state their key recommendations and the direct outcomes or changes that happened because of them.

Question 9. Why the 'Guardian Council' was formed by British Government in the Princely States of Rajasthan?
Answer: The British government formed the 'Guardian Council' in the princely states of Rajasthan when the royal prince was a minor. This council was led by a political agent and its main goal was to supervise the young prince. This allowed the British to bring those princely states under their direct control and influence their administration easily. It was a strategic move to extend British authority.
In simple words: The British created 'Guardian Councils' in Rajasthan's princely states to control young princes and manage the states until the prince grew up, putting them under British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always explain the *reason* behind a historical policy or institution, showing its purpose and impact, especially in terms of control and power dynamics.

RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Additional Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 2. was introduced to remove the discrimination between Indian and British Judges.
(a) Vernacular Press Act
(b) Ilbert Act
(c) Indian Press Act
(d) Salt Act
Answer: (a) Vernacular Press Act
In simple words: The Vernacular Press Act was a law made to remove differences in power between Indian and British judges. It aimed to bring more fairness to the legal system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific purpose of each act. For MCQs, carefully read all options before selecting the one that best fits the description.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write a short account on Ilbert Bill.
Answer: The Ilbert Bill was proposed in 1883 with the goal of ending the difference in legal powers between Indian and British judges. This meant Indian judges could also try Europeans. However, Europeans and Englishmen living in India strongly opposed this bill. Their organised protest highlighted to Indians that strong, united action was needed to achieve political goals, a lesson learned from the success of the Ilbert Bill agitation itself. The bill ultimately failed in its original form but sparked significant political awareness.
In simple words: The Ilbert Bill of 1883 tried to give Indian judges the same power as British judges to hear cases involving Europeans. But British people living in India protested a lot, showing Indians that strong, united movements could bring change.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about historical bills, include the year, its main aim, the opposition it faced, and its long-term impact or lesson learned, even if it didn't pass as intended.