RBSE Solutions Class 8 Social Science Chapter 15 Law and Indian Judiciary

Law And Indian Judiciary Text Book Question Solved

Question 1. Choose the right option:
(a) Robbery
(b) Distribution of Property
(c) Rent
(d) Registration of Marriage
Answer: (a) Robbery
In simple words: Civil cases usually deal with disputes between people, like property matters or contracts. Robbery is considered a criminal offense because it involves stealing with force, making it a crime against the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that civil cases involve disputes between individuals or organizations, while criminal cases involve offenses against the state, which are punishable by law.

Question 2. What is the aim of legal literacy camp for public:
(a) To provide legal information
(b) To impart knowledge of letter
(c) To provide adult education
(d) To make them an advocate
Answer: (a) To provide legal information
In simple words: Legal literacy camps teach people about their rights and the law. This helps them understand the justice system better and protects them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about public initiatives, focus on their primary purpose, which is usually to educate or empower the community.

Question 2. What do you name the act when a person filed a case in upper court against the decision of lower court?
Answer: When a person files a case in a higher court against a decision made by a lower court, this act is called Appellate Jurisdiction. This allows for a review of the lower court's judgment to ensure fairness and correctness.
In simple words: If someone disagrees with a court's decision, they can ask a higher court to look at it again. This power of higher courts is called appellate jurisdiction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state "Appellate Jurisdiction" as the key term and explain that it means appealing a lower court's decision to a higher court.

Question 3. Where is the Rajasthan High court and its bench located?
Answer: The Rajasthan High Court is located in Jodhpur. It also has a bench, or a smaller court branch, situated in Jaipur. These two locations ensure wider access to justice across the state.
In simple words: The main Rajasthan High Court is in Jodhpur, and there is another smaller court branch in Jaipur.

🎯 Exam Tip: For location-based questions, mention both the primary location and any additional benches or branches if they exist.

Question 4. Write the essential qualification for judges of Supreme Court?
Answer: The eligibility qualifications for judges of the Supreme Court are:
1. The person must be a citizen of India.
2. They must have been a judge of a High Court for at least five years, or
3. They must have been an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years, or
4. They must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist. These criteria ensure that only highly experienced and knowledgeable legal professionals serve on the highest court.
In simple words: To become a Supreme Court judge, a person must be an Indian citizen and have experience as a High Court judge or advocate, or be a very respected legal scholar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three main paths to becoming a Supreme Court judge: High Court judge, High Court advocate, or distinguished jurist, in addition to being an Indian citizen.

Question 5. What do you mean by Lok Adalat?
Answer: A Lok Adalat is a special kind of court that works differently from regular courts. It helps people settle their arguments through mutual agreement, which saves time and money. Because of the many cases in normal courts, decisions take a long time, leading to delayed justice. Lok Adalats aim to provide quick decisions for public disputes. Their decisions are final and cannot be challenged in any other court.
In simple words: Lok Adalats are special courts that help people solve their problems quickly and cheaply by agreement. Their decisions cannot be appealed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight "mutual consent," "speedy justice," "saves time and expenses," and "decisions are final" as key characteristics of Lok Adalats.

Question 6. What is Public Interest Litigation?
Answer: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is when a case is filed in court by a person or group on behalf of others who are suffering and cannot seek legal help themselves. This could be due to poverty, lack of education, or ignorance. PIL helps protect the fundamental rights of these vulnerable people. A PIL can be started in the High Court or the Supreme Court, and sometimes the court itself can take up cases of public importance. It acts as a tool to bring justice to the larger community.
In simple words: PIL is a legal action taken by someone for the good of the public, especially for those who cannot go to court themselves. It helps protect everyone's rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain PIL as a legal action for the benefit of the general public, especially the disadvantaged, and mention it can be filed in High Court or Supreme Court.

Question 7. What do you mean by judicial review?
Answer: Judicial Review means that the Supreme Court has the power to check if any government law or order goes against the country's constitution. If a law or order is found to be unconstitutional, the Supreme Court can declare it invalid. This important power ensures that the government always acts within the rules set by the constitution.
In simple words: Judicial review is when the Supreme Court checks if government laws or orders follow the constitution. If not, the court can cancel them.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core idea of judicial review is the Supreme Court's power to nullify unconstitutional laws or orders, ensuring constitutional supremacy.

Question 8. What are the points government consider before making law?
Answer: The government considers several important things before making new laws:
1. **Maintenance of Law and Order:** The primary duty of the government is to ensure peace and order. Laws like the Indian Penal Code (IPC) help control crime and maintain stability.
2. **Social Welfare and Justice:** Laws are also made to promote the well-being of all citizens and ensure fairness, especially for vulnerable groups in society.
3. **Economic Development and Stability:** Governments frame laws that support economic growth, regulate businesses, and ensure financial stability.
4. **International Relations and National Security:** Laws are also influenced by international agreements and the need to protect the country's security and interests.
These considerations help create a legal framework that addresses various aspects of national life.
In simple words: Before making laws, the government thinks about keeping peace, helping society, making the economy strong, and protecting the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing points, use clear headings or bullet points. Focus on key governmental responsibilities such as maintaining order, ensuring welfare, promoting economic stability, and safeguarding national interests.

Question 9. What is the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer: The Supreme Court of India has several important powers of jurisdiction:
1. **Original Jurisdiction:** This refers to cases that can be directly filed in the Supreme Court. These include disputes related to citizens' Fundamental Rights, disputes between the central government and state governments, and disputes between different states.
2. **Appellate Jurisdiction:** The Supreme Court can hear appeals against decisions made by High Courts in various matters. This includes constitutional matters (disputes about interpreting the constitution), civil cases (like property, marriage, divorce, rent, contracts), and criminal cases (like theft, crime, murder, robbery). This ensures that justice is reviewed at the highest level.
3. **Guardian of Constitution and Fundamental Rights:** The Supreme Court plays a vital role in protecting the Constitution and the fundamental rights of citizens. It can declare any government law or order invalid if it goes against the Constitution (Judicial Review). The Supreme Court's judgments are published and used as legal precedents by lower courts.
In simple words: The Supreme Court handles original cases (like rights disputes), hears appeals from lower courts (like civil or criminal cases), and acts as the protector of the Constitution and people's basic rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each type of jurisdiction (Original, Appellate, Advisory) and provide specific examples for each to show comprehensive understanding.

Question 10. What is the objective of traffic laws?
Answer: The main objectives of traffic rules are:
1. **To ensure safety for all road users:** Traffic laws are designed to prevent accidents and protect drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and cyclists.
2. **To manage traffic flow and prevent congestion:** Rules help organize vehicle movement, reduce jams, and ensure smooth and efficient travel.
3. **To reduce accidents and fatalities:** By setting clear guidelines for driving, traffic laws aim to minimize dangerous situations and save lives.
4. **To promote responsible driving behavior:** Laws encourage drivers to follow speed limits, respect signals, and avoid risky actions like drunk driving, contributing to overall public order on roads.
These rules are essential for a safe and orderly transportation system.
In simple words: Traffic laws aim to keep everyone safe on the road, help traffic move smoothly, lower the number of accidents, and encourage drivers to act responsibly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on safety, order, efficiency, and responsible behavior as the core objectives when explaining traffic laws.

Question 11. Write in brief about the present traffic rules of India?
Answer: Here are some of the present traffic rules to be followed in India:
1. Drivers must be at least 18 years old and always carry a valid driving license. If a minor is caught driving, a fine of Rs. 300/- is imposed, and the vehicle owner is fined Rs. 1000/-. In case of an accident, a minor can face charges under IPC Article 304 or 337 and may be sent to a children's rehabilitation center.
2. Two-wheeler riders and pillion riders must wear helmets. Car and Jeep drivers must use seat belts. Violating these rules can lead to a fine of Rs. 100/- under the Motor Vehicle Act Article 138 (3) C.M.V.R 177.
3. Only two people, the driver and one back-seater, are allowed on a motorcycle.
4. Drinking alcohol or using intoxicating substances while driving is strictly forbidden.
5. All traffic rules should be respected and strictly followed to ensure road safety.
These rules are put in place to ensure safety and order on the roads for everyone.
In simple words: In India, you need a license to drive, wear helmets and seatbelts, and only two people can ride a motorcycle. Drinking and driving is against the law, and all traffic rules must be followed carefully to stay safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing rules, use clear, numbered points. Include specific details like age limits, fines, and safety equipment where provided.

Question 12. Write the harmful effects of liquor?
Answer: Drinking alcohol has several harmful effects, especially concerning road safety. It is a major cause of road accidents, which can tragically lead to death. Alcohol reduces a person's ability to work efficiently and decreases their physical coordination. It also impairs mental functions, making it difficult to judge speed and distance accurately while driving. Under the influence of alcohol, a person may lose their temper and become more prone to arguments. Driving under the influence is a serious offense punishable by law.
In simple words: Drinking alcohol causes many road accidents and can even lead to death. It makes a person less able to work, affects their physical movement, and makes it hard to judge things like speed. Driving after drinking is a crime.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the direct consequences of alcohol consumption, particularly its impact on safety, physical and mental abilities, and its legal ramifications when driving.

Question 13. Write a short note on "If I a traffic police"?
Answer: If I were a traffic police officer, I would aim to help people understand and follow traffic rules in a polite way, rather than being harsh. I would perform my duties honestly and ensure that people have a fair chance to avoid causing chaos on the roads. I would also ask the government and the public to avoid holding demonstrations or picketing that block roads. As a responsible citizen and government servant, I would also help victims of accidents promptly. My goal would be to maintain order and ensure safety with a helpful approach.
In simple words: If I were a traffic police officer, I would politely help people follow rules, be honest, prevent road chaos, ask people not to block roads, and assist accident victims.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing imaginative essays, focus on actions that demonstrate responsibility, empathy, and effective problem-solving in the given role.

Law And Indian Judiciary Additional Questions Solved

Law And Indian Judiciary Multiple Choice Questions

Question 2. The first Lok Adalat was held in
(a) Mumbai
(b) Delhi
(c) Chennai
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) Delhi
In simple words: The first Lok Adalat, which is a special court for quick dispute resolution, was held in Delhi. This marked the beginning of this alternative dispute resolution system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific historical facts for general knowledge questions. The first Lok Adalat was held in Delhi.

Question 3. The Apex court in India is
(a) High Court
(b) Supreme Court
(c) District court
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) Supreme Court
In simple words: The Supreme Court is the highest court in India. Its decisions are final and binding on all other courts in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the hierarchy of courts in India; the Supreme Court is at the top, making it the 'Apex' court.

Law And Indian Judiciary Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What do you mean by independent and impartial judiciary?
Answer: An independent and impartial judiciary means that the judicial system is free from influence or control by the legislature and the executive branches of government. It provides justice fairly, without being swayed by any government powers. This ensures that everyone gets equal justice under the law.
In simple words: An independent judiciary means courts can make fair decisions without being told what to do by the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize "free from control" and "justice without influence" as the core aspects of an independent and impartial judiciary.

Question 2. What is Judiciary?
Answer: The judiciary refers to all the courts operating at different levels within a country, taken together as a system. This includes the Supreme Court, High Courts, and various subordinate courts, all working to administer justice and interpret laws. It is a crucial branch of the government responsible for upholding the rule of law.
In simple words: The judiciary is the whole system of courts in a country that works together to give justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the judiciary as the collective body of courts responsible for administering justice and interpreting laws.

Question 4. Give a flow chart of integrated Judiciary of India.
Answer: The flow chart of the integrated Judiciary of India shows how different courts are connected and work together within a single system. This structure ensures that justice can be sought at various levels, with higher courts having appellate jurisdiction over lower ones.

In simple words: India has one big court system. The Supreme Court is at the top, then High Courts, then District Courts. Below District Courts are Civil, Revenue, and Criminal Courts, all working together as a single system.

🎯 Exam Tip: For flowcharts, clearly illustrate the hierarchical structure and the connections between different levels of the judiciary.

Question 5. What is Jurisdiction?
Answer: Jurisdiction refers to the specific territorial limits or boundaries within which a court's authority can be legally exercised. It defines the geographical area or the types of cases a court is allowed to hear and decide. This ensures that each court handles matters within its designated scope.
In simple words: Jurisdiction is the area or type of case a court has the power to handle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define jurisdiction clearly as the territorial or subject-matter limits of a court's authority.

Question 6. What is appellate?
Answer: Appellate refers to the power of a higher court to hear appeals against the decisions made by lower courts. When a court has appellate power, it means it can review a judgment from a subordinate court if a party believes there was an error. This process allows for correction of legal errors and ensures justice.
In simple words: Appellate means the power of a higher court to listen to a case again if someone is unhappy with a lower court's decision.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key function of appellate power is the ability of higher courts to review and potentially overturn decisions from lower courts.

Question 7. What do you mean by Court of records?
Answer: A Court of Record is a court whose decisions and proceedings are formally preserved and kept as precedents for future reference. This means that its judgments are important and can be used as guidelines by other courts when deciding similar cases. Such courts have the power to punish for contempt of themselves. It plays a significant role in ensuring consistency and predictability in the legal system.
In simple words: A Court of Record keeps official notes of all its decisions, and these decisions are used as examples for new cases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that "Court of Record" means its decisions are recorded and serve as precedents, guiding future legal judgments.