RBSE Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Political Culture

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Main reason for the difference in political system of India and Pakistan is :
(a) Geographical Situation
(b) Political Culture
(c) Political Development
(d) Political Modernisation
Answer: (b) Political Culture
In simple words: The main reason for the differences in the political systems of India and Pakistan is their political culture. This includes how people think about politics and governance in each country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing political systems, always consider the underlying political culture, which shapes how a nation governs itself and how its citizens participate.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the two major types of political culture?
Answer: There are mainly two types of political culture. These are:
1. Elite culture: This is the political culture of the small group of people who have power and influence.
2. Common people's culture or general culture: This is the political culture shared by most ordinary citizens. Understanding both helps in a full view of a country's political life.
In simple words: Political culture is mainly of two types: the culture of the ruling group (elite) and the culture of the common people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define and differentiate between "elite culture" and "general culture" when discussing types of political culture.

Question 2. Who are the main thinkers of political culture?
Answer: Some of the most important thinkers who have studied and written about political culture include Sydney Barbara, Amond and Powell, Allan Ball, and Lousian Pie. These scholars helped shape our understanding of how culture affects politics.
In simple words: Key thinkers of political culture are Sydney Barbara, Amond and Powell, Allan Ball, and Lousian Pie.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the key names associated with major political science concepts like political culture to show broad knowledge.

Question 3. Write the definition of political culture as given by Amond and Powell.
Answer: According to Amond and Powell, "Political culture is a style of personal attitudes of members of a political system regarding politics." This definition highlights that a country's political culture is shaped by the general feelings and beliefs its people have about their government and political life.
In simple words: Amond and Powell say political culture is how people in a political system generally feel and think about politics.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a specific definition by an author, quote it accurately and briefly explain its core meaning.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 2. Mention the determinants of political culture.
Answer: The major factors that help shape a country's political culture are:
1. **Historical Traditions and Values:** The past events and beliefs of a country deeply influence its political culture. For example, India's political culture is peaceful and democratic due to its long history of such values.
2. **Religious Faiths:** Religion is very important in shaping how a political culture is built. It also plays an important role in deciding what kind of political system and social organizations a society will have. Different religions can lead to different political outlooks.
3. **Geographical Conditions:** A country's location, population size, and natural resources also play a part in its political culture. These physical aspects can influence how people interact with their government.
4. **Socio-economic Atmosphere:** The social situation and how much a country grows economically determine its political culture. Developing countries often have a political culture different from wealthy, developed nations because their needs and challenges differ.
In simple words: Political culture is shaped by a country's history, religious beliefs, geography, and its social and economic situation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing determinants, always provide a brief explanation or example for each point to demonstrate understanding.

Question 3. Explain the elite culture.
Answer: Elite culture refers to the political way of life of the elite group in society. This group, though small in number, holds significant power and influence in social and political issues. They often reach top positions in society and the country. Understanding their specific culture helps explain certain political decisions.
Its main characteristics are:
1. **Thinking and Living:** The elite group often has a very dependable way of thinking and living.
2. **Homogeneity:** Elite culture usually shows a lot of sameness or unity among its members.
3. **Difference from Common Culture:** There is a clear and basic difference between the culture of the common people and the elite culture.
4. **Distinctness:** Elite culture is quite separate from the culture of those who are only minor participants in politics.
In simple words: Elite culture is the unique political way of life of powerful people in society. It is uniform among them and different from common people's culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing 'elite culture,' remember to highlight its defining features like minority influence, power, and distinct characteristics from the general political culture.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Question

Question 1. What do you understand by political culture? Describe briefly its characteristics / features.
Answer:
**Meaning of Political Culture:**
Political culture is a specific part of a country's overall general culture. It comes from the political and administrative attitudes of the public. While general culture arises from people's daily lives and views, political culture focuses on how these attitudes apply to governance and politics. It is built on shared social and political values and constantly changes as people's needs and behaviors evolve.

**Definitions from Scholars:**
* **Allen Ball** described political culture as being made up of the "attitudes, faiths, and values of society" that are linked to the political system.
* **Sydney Barbara** said it includes "experienced faiths, expressive symbols, and values" that set the stage for how political activities unfold.

**Types of Political Cultures Prevailing at Present:**
Based on political systems worldwide, Amond has divided political culture into four main types:
1. **Anglo-American Political Culture/System:** This culture is balanced, liberal, and based on strong values. It is found in countries like Britain and America.
2. **Continental European Political Culture/System:** This culture is liberal and democratic. It grew from a mix of different cultures after past struggles. Countries like France and Germany show this type.
3. **Non-Western or Pre-Industrial Political Culture:** This culture is still in its early stages of development. Countries like India fall into this category.
4. **Totalitarian Political Culture/System:** This type of political culture is common in countries under communist rule or dictatorships, such as China and North Korea. These classifications help categorize different governmental approaches.
In simple words: Political culture is the political part of a country's overall culture, shaped by public attitudes and values. It connects old and new ideas, is based on morals, is an abstract idea, and constantly changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a comprehensive answer on political culture, clearly separate its definition from its characteristics, and ensure each characteristic is briefly explained.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. "Political culture is the orientation towards task". Who considers it?
(a) David Easton
(b) Spiro
(c) Amond
(d) Lousian Pie
Answer: (c) Amond
In simple words: Amond is the person who said that political culture is about how people are directed towards their political tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Attribute key definitions or concepts to the correct political thinkers to demonstrate precise knowledge.

Question 3. Amond and Powell consider the following as regulators of political culture :
(a) Conscious orientation
(b) Emotional orientation
(c) Evaluative orientation
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Amond and Powell believe that political culture is shaped by people's conscious thoughts, their emotions, and how they judge political events. All these aspects together control how political culture works.

🎯 Exam Tip: When faced with "All of the options" as an answer, quickly confirm that each individual option listed is indeed correct before selecting it.

Question 4. Which of the following country obtained its political culture as a result of revolution ?
(a) India
(b) Libya
(c) Britain
(d) France
Answer: (d) France
In simple words: France's political culture was formed after big changes and a revolution. This means their political way of life was shaped by a major historical upheaval.

🎯 Exam Tip: Historical events like revolutions often dramatically reshape a nation's political culture, making it a key factor in understanding its current political landscape.

Question 5. The developing country having political culture different from developed countries is:
(a) Japan
(b) England
(c) USA
(d) India
Answer: (d) India
In simple words: India is a developing country, and its political culture is different from developed nations like Japan or the USA. This is often due to different historical paths and economic conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that political culture varies significantly between developed and developing nations, influenced by their unique social, economic, and historical contexts.

Question 7. Which among the following scholars has classified political culture on the basis of role of army in government?
(a) Finer
(b) Wiseman
(c) Amond and Powell
(d) Sydney-Barbara
Answer: (a) Finer
In simple words: Finer is the scholar who looked at how much the army affects the government when classifying political cultures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that various scholars use different criteria, such as the military's role, to categorize and analyze political cultures.

Question 8. How many kinds of political cultures have been described by Amond?
(a) 5-types
(b) 3-types
(c) 4-types
(d) 2-types
Answer: (c) 4-types
In simple words: Amond described four main types of political cultures. These different types help us understand the political systems around the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific number of categories or types when a scholar's classification is asked, as it's a precise factual detail.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Political culture is dynamic. How?
Answer: Political culture is dynamic because it directly comes from human political behavior. Just as people's actions and ideas in politics are always changing and evolving, so too does political culture adapt and shift over time. This means it is never fixed or static, but rather a living, changing system.
In simple words: Political culture is always changing because it reflects how people act and think in politics, which itself keeps changing.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why something is "dynamic," emphasize the continuous change, evolution, and responsiveness to new conditions.

Question 2. Write the name of the book written by Allen Ball.
Answer: The name of the book written by Allen Ball is "Modern Politics and Government." This book is an important work in the field of political science.
In simple words: Allen Ball wrote a book called "Modern Politics and Government."

🎯 Exam Tip: Always correctly spell and capitalize book titles and authors' names when providing specific factual answers.

Question 4. What is political culture, according to Amond and Powell?
Answer: According to Amond and Powell, political culture is about being aware of political goals and how tasks are carried out. It describes how citizens understand and engage with their political system, showing their active involvement.
In simple words: Amond and Powell say political culture is knowing political goals and how to do political tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific phrasing of definitions by different scholars, as they may offer slightly varied interpretations of the same concept.

Question 5. What are the regulators of political culture according to Amond and Powell?
Answer: Amond and Powell believe that political culture is regulated by the following three main types of orientations:
1. **Conscious orientation:** This involves people's active thoughts and beliefs about politics.
2. **Emotional orientation:** This includes the feelings and passions people have towards political matters.
3. **Evaluative orientation:** This refers to how people judge and assess political events, leaders, and systems. These three ways of thinking and feeling guide how a political culture operates.
In simple words: Amond and Powell say that conscious thoughts, emotions, and judgments are the three main things that control political culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: List and briefly explain each "regulator" when describing how political culture is shaped by individual and collective attitudes.

Question 6. Write any two determinants of political culture.
Answer: Two key factors that determine political culture are:
1. **History:** The historical experiences and traditions of a country play a huge role in shaping its political outlook. Long-standing events leave lasting marks on how people view politics.
2. **Religious faith:** The dominant religious beliefs within a society significantly influence political values and behavior. Religion often provides moral frameworks that impact political decisions.
In simple words: History and religious faith are two important things that shape a country's political culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for "any two," choose the clearest and most distinct points from the list of determinants you have learned.

Question 7. Political culture of which country is the result of its political continuity?
Answer: The political culture of England is largely a result of its long history of political continuity. Unlike many other nations that experienced revolutions, England has had a relatively unbroken line of political development, leading to a stable and predictable political system.
In simple words: England's political culture comes from its long, unbroken history of political rule without major upsets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between nations whose political cultures evolved through continuity (like England) versus those shaped by revolutions (like France).

Question 8. What is the role of religion in determining the political culture?
Answer: Religion plays a very significant role in shaping the political culture of a country. It helps build the overall political way of life and also influences the kind of political system and social institutions a society creates. Religious beliefs often provide a moral framework that guides political behavior and expectations.
In simple words: Religion is important because it helps create a country's political culture and decides what kind of government and social rules it will have.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the role of religion, explain how it influences both the values of the political culture and the structure of political institutions.

Question 10. Give any two characteristics of political culture.
Answer: Here are two important characteristics of political culture:
1. **Coordination between Modern and Ancient Values:** Political culture often tries to bring together old traditions and new ideas. It helps a society find a balance between its past and its present. For example, some societies blend ancient wisdom with modern governance.
2. **Devotion towards Moral Values:** A strong political culture is usually built on shared moral principles. These moral values are very important because without them, a political system cannot last long. This dedication to ethics guides public behavior and decisions.
In simple words: Political culture often combines old and new values, and it shows a strong commitment to moral principles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing characteristics, provide a clear, concise description for each point to show a complete understanding.

Question 11. Which factors contribute in the identification of nature of political culture?
Answer: Several factors help us understand the true nature of a country's political culture. These include the long-standing traditions of society, the structure of social institutions, what citizens expect from their government, and the common understanding among people. Additionally, the kind of leaders a country has and their actions greatly reveal its political culture. These elements together form a complete picture.
In simple words: Society's traditions, social groups, what citizens expect, how leaders act, and common sense all help to show what a country's political culture is like.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions asking about contributing factors, list a variety of elements, including societal, institutional, and individual aspects, for a comprehensive answer.

Question 12. What do you understand by the dynamic nature of political culture?
Answer: The dynamic nature of political culture means that it is always changing, just like human values and societal needs. As geographical and social conditions shift, people's beliefs and ways of life change. Because political culture is built on these values, it also adapts and transforms over time, rather than staying fixed. For example, new technology can change how people participate in politics.
In simple words: Political culture is dynamic, meaning it changes over time because people's values and needs change due to social and geographical conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining "dynamic nature," emphasize that change is constant and happens in response to evolving societal factors.

Question 13. Who wrote the most important book on relations between political culture and democracy and when did they write it?
Answer: Gabriel Amond and Sydney Barbara wrote a very important book about the links between political culture and democracy in 1963. The book is titled "The Civic Culture- Political Attitude and Democracy in Five Nations." This work is a cornerstone for understanding how a country's culture affects its democratic process.
In simple words: Gabriel Amond and Sydney Barbara wrote the key book "The Civic Culture" in 1963, which talks about how political culture and democracy are connected.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include the full title and publication year when referring to specific academic works to provide complete factual information.

Question 15. Write any two kinds of political culture according to Amond.
Answer: According to Amond, two kinds of political culture are:
1. **Anglo-American Political System/Culture:** This type is known for being balanced, liberal, and based on strong values, typically seen in countries like Britain and America.
2. **Totalitarian Political System/Culture:** This culture is common in countries under strict communist rule or dictatorships, such as China or North Korea. These classifications help categorize different governmental approaches.
In simple words: Amond named two types of political culture: Anglo-American (liberal, value-based) and Totalitarian (strict, dictatorial).

🎯 Exam Tip: When giving examples of Amond's political culture types, briefly mention a key characteristic or a representative country for each.

Question 16. Which countries has Amond included in the category of Pre-Industrial Political system?
Answer: Amond included countries from Asia and Africa in the category of Pre-Industrial Political systems. These are nations that were often colonies of Britain or other European powers and are still in the early stages of political development. India is also considered to be in this category.
In simple words: Amond put countries in Asia and Africa, especially former colonies, into the Pre-Industrial Political system group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "Pre-Industrial" often refers to developing nations or those with a colonial past, implying certain shared political characteristics.

Question 17. In how many categories has Finer divided the Political cultures?
Answer: Finer has classified the political cultures of the world into four main categories. These categories help to understand the different levels of political development and stability across nations.
1. **Mature:** Political cultures that are well-established and stable.
2. **Developed:** Political cultures that show significant advancement and growth.
3. **Low:** Political cultures that are less developed or stable.
4. **Lowest level:** Political cultures that are at the most basic or underdeveloped stage.
In simple words: Finer divided political cultures into four groups: Mature, Developed, Low, and Lowest level.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing classifications by a scholar, use the exact terms for the categories they defined and provide a brief understanding for each.

Question 18. According to Amond, what is the difference between political socialization and political culture?
Answer: According to Amond, political socialization is the process through which political culture is formed and updated. Political culture is the actual set of attitudes and beliefs in a society, while political socialization is the way these beliefs are taught, learned, and changed from one generation to the next. So, socialization is the method by which culture is built and maintained.
In simple words: Amond says political socialization is the process that builds and changes political culture. Political culture is the end result, the shared beliefs and feelings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between a 'concept' (political culture) and the 'process' (political socialization) that shapes it.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. "History is a determinant of political culture". Explain this statement with example.
Answer: History is a very important factor in shaping a country's political culture. A nation's political culture develops based on its past traditions and moral values that have existed over time. For example, India has a peace-loving, constitutional, and democratic political culture because it has a long history of being a peaceful nation. In contrast, countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Libya have more aggressive and non-democratic political cultures due to their history of conflicts. Furthermore, France's political culture was formed after a revolution, while Britain's is a result of continuous political development. This shows how historical events profoundly influence a nation's political identity.
In simple words: A country's history shapes its political culture. For example, India is peaceful because of its past, while France's culture came from a revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining historical influence, use contrasting examples (e.g., peaceful vs. violent histories, revolutionary vs. continuous development) to make your point strong.

Question 2. How do social and economic atmospheres determine the nature of political culture?
Answer: Both social and economic conditions play a big role in shaping the political culture of a country. Social factors include things like different religions, caste systems, social status, and old traditions. For instance, the strong influence of religious beliefs is clear in the political cultures of Islamic nations. Economically, a country's wealth also matters a lot. Developed, rich countries have a different political culture compared to developing countries. This is mainly because the people in these two types of countries have different views and hopes from their political systems.
In simple words: Social conditions like religion and caste, and economic conditions like wealth, greatly decide a country's political culture. Rich and poor countries have different political outlooks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect social factors (diversity, tradition) and economic factors (development level) to specific impacts on political culture, such as citizen expectations and governance styles.

Question 3. Liberal democracy in Britain and USA remained safe even after two world wars. Why?
Answer: Liberal democracies in Britain and the USA remained strong and safe even after two world wars mainly because of their deeply rooted political cultures. A country's political culture, including its shared values, beliefs, and the maturity of its citizens, greatly influences its democratic system. In both Britain and the USA, a strong political culture helped pass democratic values, norms, and knowledge from one generation to the next. This constant transfer of values through political socialization strengthens the nation's political stability, making its democracy resilient even during major global crises.
In simple words: Britain and USA's strong, mature political cultures helped their democracies stay safe after world wars by passing on democratic values through generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain democratic stability, highlight the strength of the political culture, citizen maturity, and the process of political socialization that sustains these values.

Question 5. Explain the importance of political culture.
Answer: The concept of political culture, developed by thinkers like Amond, Sydney Barbara, Powell, and Lousian Pie, is very important for several reasons:
1. **Focus for Scholars:** It made political society a central topic of study for political scholars. This helped them understand how societies function politically.
2. **Broadened Political Study:** This idea brought social and political aspects into the study of political processes, helping political science grow and become richer.
3. **Introduced Common Sense:** It added a sense of practical reality and common understanding to political studies, making them more relevant.
4. **Explains Societal Direction:** Political culture helps explain why different societies develop and move in unique political directions.
5. **Complete Social Discipline:** Through its detailed approach, political culture helps make political science a full and comprehensive social study. It provides a deeper view of how people interact with their governments.
In simple words: Political culture is important because it helped scholars study political society, included social aspects in politics, added common sense, explained why societies differ, and made political science a complete subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing the importance of a concept, focus on its contribution to understanding, analysis, and the development of the academic field.