RBSE Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Religion

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Religion

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. "Religion is the expanse of divinity and spirituality prevalent in the man”. Whose statement is this?
(a) Confucius
(b) Swami Vivekananda
(c) Plato
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: (b) Swami Vivekananda
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda believed that religion is about finding the divine and spiritual aspects that are already present within every human being. He saw religion as a personal journey of spiritual growth.

🎯 Exam Tip: When faced with quotes, always try to recall the key philosophers or leaders associated with similar ideas. For spirituality and human divinity, Swami Vivekananda is a prominent figure.

Question 2. Which heart is considered as a stone by Maithilisharan Gupta?
(a) Heart without love for his/her religion
Answer: (a) Heart without love for his/her religion
In simple words: The poet Maithilisharan Gupta compares a heart that does not feel love for its own religion to a cold, hard stone. He believes that true devotion comes from the heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: In literature-based questions, understanding the metaphor and the poet's sentiment is crucial. Identify the core emotion being expressed.

Question 3. What is considered to be against the religion in Manusmriti?
(a) Pardon
(b) Patience
(c) Accumulation
(d) Not to be angry
Answer: (c) Accumulation
In simple words: In the ancient text Manusmriti, gathering too many possessions or wealth (accumulation) is considered to be against religious principles. It encourages a simpler way of living.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to ancient texts like Manusmriti, focus on the fundamental ethical codes or social norms they advocate or prohibit.

Question 4. The secular state means
(a) Religion less state
(b) State that favors only one religion
(c) All religions are equal for the state
(d) Religious state
Answer: (c) All religions are equal for the state
In simple words: A secular state treats all religions equally and does not favor any one religion over others. It separates state affairs from religious matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "secular" does not mean "anti-religious"; it means neutrality and equal respect for all faiths by the state.

Question 5. Who is the founder of the Islam?
(a) Paigamber Mohammad
(b) Abu Baqar
(c) Hasan and Hussain
(d) Mohammed Bin Qasim
Answer: (a) Paigamber Mohammad
In simple words: Islam was founded by Prophet Mohammad, who established the religion and its teachings. He is considered the central figure of the Islamic faith.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the founders of major world religions is a basic general knowledge point important for political science and history.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Which scholar has recognized the spirituality as the centre of religion?
Answer: Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan recognized spirituality as the core of religion. He believed that the true essence of religion lies in spiritual growth and understanding. Spiritual realization is a key aspect of religious experience.
In simple words: Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan said that spirituality is the main part of any religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing concepts by specific scholars, always mention their name clearly. Focus on the core idea they are known for.

Question 2. What is the English translation of the word 'Dharm'?
Answer: The English translation of the word 'Dharm' is Religion. While 'Dharm' has broader meanings in Indian philosophy, including duty and righteousness, 'religion' is often used as its direct English equivalent in many contexts.
In simple words: The word 'Dharm' from Hindi means 'Religion' in English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'Dharm' in Indian context encompasses more than just religion, also meaning duty, moral conduct, and cosmic law. However, for direct translation, "Religion" is often used.

Question 3. What is the establishment year of Islam religion?
Answer: The Islam religion was established in 622 AD. This year marks the Hijra, Prophet Mohammad's migration from Mecca to Medina, which is considered the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the consolidation of the Islamic community.
In simple words: The Islam religion started in the year 622 AD.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical events, precise dates or years are important. The year 622 AD is significant for the founding of Islam.

Question 4. Who is the founder of Christianity?
Answer: Jesus Christ is the founder of Christianity. His teachings and life form the basis of the Christian faith, which spread globally through his apostles and followers.
In simple words: Jesus Christ started the Christian religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Similar to Islam, identifying the founder of Christianity is fundamental knowledge in the study of world religions.

Question 5. What is the name of the religion founded by Gautam Buddha?
Answer: Buddhism is the religion founded by Gautam Buddha. His teachings on suffering, desire, and enlightenment became the core principles of this ancient spiritual tradition. The path to nirvana is central to its philosophy.
In simple words: Gautam Buddha started the religion called Buddhism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the founder's name directly with the religion they established to avoid confusion, especially when multiple options are similar.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is religion? Explain briefly.
Answer:
Meaning of religion: In Indian culture and philosophy, religion is a very important idea. In India, religion means duties, non-violence, fairness, good behavior, and good qualities. It is about accepting certain ways of life. Religion is defined as a system that connects a community with moral values, traditions, and beliefs. Many different definitions of religion have been given, and its main characteristics are described. In the ancient text, Manu Smriti, ten qualities of religion are listed:
'धृतिः क्षमा दमाऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रिय निग्रहः।
घीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम्।।'
In simple words: Religion is a big part of Indian thinking, focusing on duty, peace, and good actions. It connects people through shared morals and beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining complex terms like "religion," break down its meaning into core components like duty, morality, and community. Referencing ancient texts like Manu Smriti adds depth to your answer.

Question 2. What is the concept of Secularism?
Answer:
Concept of Secularism: Secularism means that there is no discrimination against followers of any religion, and all religions are considered equal. In India, secularism is supported by the constitution and is widely accepted. It is a fundamental aspect of Indian culture. India has many religions, but this has not affected the unity of the country's diversity. Here, despite having various religions and beliefs, people live together in peace. Secularism helps maintain social harmony by ensuring equal treatment for all faiths.
In simple words: Secularism means treating all religions equally and not favoring any one. In India, it helps different religious groups live together peacefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that Indian secularism promotes equal respect for all religions, rather than a strict separation often seen in Western models. Highlight its role in fostering national unity.

Question 3. Mention the relationship between religion and ethics.
Answer:
Relation between Religion and Ethics: The main goal of religion is to serve humanity. Religion stresses good conduct, kindness, humility, and non-violence. Religion teaches us to stay away from evil and follow good behavior. The basic form of religion is spiritual, not just about outward show. Religion is a moral viewpoint. Helping others is morality (ethics), and high virtues are the main qualities of ethics. Truly, only a religion that excels in ethical standards and seeks the welfare of humanity is the best. Truth and morality cannot be limited by any country or time. Ethical truth promotes goodwill, compassion, and kindness in all religions. In fact, following ethical rules is a symbol of religion, as they guide human behavior towards good.
In simple words: Religion and ethics are linked because religion teaches us to be good, kind, and non-violent, which are all parts of good ethics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the inherent connection between religious teachings and moral principles. Use examples like compassion and non-violence to illustrate this link.

Question 4. What is the religious concept of Christianity?
Answer:
Religious concept in Christian Religion: The founder of Christianity was Jesus Christ. Christianity believes in one God (monotheist). It has the largest number of followers in the world. This religion believes in non-violence, but sometimes violence has been used due to religious and political reasons. In Western Christian political thinking, a separate authority for religion and politics is recognized. In Christianity, there is a recognition of parallel states of God, Church, State, Vicar, and Society, indicating distinct but related spheres of influence.
In simple words: Christianity, founded by Jesus Christ, believes in one God and promotes non-violence. It is the biggest religion globally and has distinct roles for religious and political powers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the concept of a religion, mention its founder, core beliefs (monotheism/polytheism), and its view on the relationship between religion and state.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Explain the inter-relation between religion and politics.
Answer:
Inter-relation between religion and politics: Religion and politics have been connected since ancient times. The main idea of politics is to rule according to good principles. These principles are shaped by moral values and the highest religious traditions. According to Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, "Religion and politics have different areas, but their basic foundations are the same." Religion is like long-term politics, while politics is like short-term religion. Religion's duty is to do good and show devotion, while politics' duty is to fight evil. A good society needs both to work together.
When politics and religion have a bad relationship, problems arise. B. Russel and E.M. Foster said that politics, when used in the name of religion, always leads to hatred and conflict. After World War-II, many rulers made a specific religion their state religion. Using religion as an excuse, empires grew, and this led to wars. In the last two thousand years, there have been many bloody conflicts. In the late 20th century, there was a rise in massive terrorist activities, whose main goal is to show the supremacy of one religion. India's neighbor is a real-life example of such conflicts.
In the 21st century, some groups in society are greatly affected by religious extremism. To achieve their selfish goals, administrators and religious leaders have used politics and religion in their own ways. When arrogance and selfishness enter religion, people lose their way, and it harms society. In truth, a logical mix of religion and politics helps humanity, but when they clash, both become trapped in problems. Religion and politics should play their roles in their own areas, and then there will be no misuse. There should be a respectful connection between religion and politics. Practicing politics guided by religion and religion guided by politics is essential for world peace. Such a blend ensures that ethical considerations are central to governance, promoting harmony and justice.
In simple words: Religion and politics have always been connected. When they work well together, they help society. But when they clash, especially due to extremism or selfishness, they cause problems, conflicts, and terrorism. For world peace, they must work respectfully in their own areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the dual nature of the religion-politics relationship: it can be a source of harmony and ethics, or conflict and division. Quote key thinkers if possible and provide historical context.

Question 2. Explain the concept of 'Swarashtra' in the context of nation religion, as referenced in Maithalisharan Gupta's poetry.
Answer: The concept of 'Swarashtra' in Maithalisharan Gupta's poetry, within the context of Nation Religion, suggests that we, having been born, raised, and educated in the land of our nation, and enjoying its natural resources, must dedicate ourselves to the nation. If there is a call for extreme sacrifice, it should be made for the nation's sake. This is called nation religion, or Duty towards Nation. The poetry emphasizes that our nation is like a mother who nourishes us.
'Some poet writes:
"तुम जिसका जल अन्न ग्रहण कर
बड़े हुए लेकर जिसकी रज।
तन रहते कैसे तज दोगे,
उसको हे वीरों के वंशज।।
In fact, no matter what faith or sect we follow, the nation we live in is supreme and most important. We can be followers of any doctrine, language, belief, or religion, but national religion is supreme for an individual. In this regard, national poet Maithalisharan Gupta writes: Everyone's first duty is to their own country.
जो भरा नहीं है भावों से, बहती जिसमें रसधार नहीं।
वह हृदय नहीं है पत्थर है जिसमें स्वदेश का प्यार नहीं।।
National religion is supreme for an individual. The interest of all, the security of the nation, its unity, and its development are included in it. We, Indians, call our nation 'Bharat Mata' (Mother India). Therefore, it is the duty of every Indian to protect her by all means. The explanation of nation religion is given by Maryada Purushottam Ram in the following sentence:
जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी
In fact, performing devotion and prayer to Mother India through good deeds is our religion. Just as a brave soldier fights until his last breath to protect his homeland, similarly, it is the duty of every Indian to respect humanity and serve the nation, rising above small differences in religion, community, and language. Philanthropy and ultimate truth are practical aspects of religion. The conviction of religion is that while working within one's own religion, community, varna, and ashram, we should involve ourselves for the good of the nation. During terrorist activities, we should rise above personal religious feelings and serve the nation selflessly. This selfless service is the nation religion (Duty towards Nation).
In simple words: 'Swarashtra' means that our duty to our nation is the most important. We should always be loyal to our country, protect it, and serve it selflessly, just like a soldier protects his motherland.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing 'Nation Religion' or 'Swarashtra', emphasize selfless duty, love for the homeland, and prioritizing national interest over individual or sectarian interests. Including relevant literary quotes strengthens the answer.

Question 3. Explain the concept of religion in Indian eternal culture.
Answer:
Concept of Religion in Indian Eternal Culture: The idea of religion has always held an important place in Indian culture and philosophy. In early cultures, much thought and meditation were dedicated to religion. Here, religion has always been understood in a broader sense. In India, it was recognized as duty, non-violence, justice, good character, and virtue. In India, religion is considered sacred and timeless. In the Bhagwat Gita, Shri Krishna refers to religion or one's 'own-religion' as the way to understand and present the best based on national strength. This holistic view integrates personal conduct with spiritual well-being.
According to Swami Vivekananda: "Religion is a mere extension of spirituality already prevalent in a person.”
Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan writes: "The essence of religion is dependent on this fact that it emphasizes on spiritual side for the growth of soul and takes life towards secularism."
Collective Outlook of religion in Indian Eternal Culture: In Indian eternal culture, religion is understood in a wider perspective. It is described in Indian religious scriptures that,
" यतो अभ्युदय निःश्रेयस सिद्धी स धर्म"
That is, religion is where there is growth and welfare for all. Although different thinkers and believers have presented different definitions of religion, the true form of religion is found only in Indian culture, where a broader sense of religion includes duty, non-violence, justice, good conduct, and virtue. Religion is an art of life that fills a person with humanity. The initial duty of religion is to teach good qualities to children.
Sanatan Dharma (Eternal religion) is considered the most ancient religion. Eternal religion is based on the Vedas, where various forms of devotion, different ideas, communities, and philosophies are included. It is basically a monotheist religion. Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism are considered to have originated from Hinduism. The spirit of cooperation is presented by Sri Krishna:
श्रूयतां धर्म सर्वस्वं श्रुत्वा चाप्यवधार्यताम।
आत्मेनः प्रतिकूलानि परेषां न समाचरेत्।।
कामये दु:ख तप्तानां प्राणिनाम् आर्तिनाशनम्।।
That is, "I do not wish for a state; neither for heaven, nor for salvation. I have only one desire: that which can remove the problems of suffering creatures." This shloka summarizes the core principle of selfless service and compassion embedded in Indian religious thought.
In simple words: In Indian culture, religion means more than just rituals; it includes duty, kindness, justice, and good behavior. Great thinkers like Swami Vivekananda and Dr. Radhakrishnan said religion is about inner spirituality. It aims for the well-being of everyone, and ancient texts like the Gita teach that helping others is a key part of it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining concepts of Indian culture, emphasize the broad, inclusive nature of 'Dharma' that extends beyond mere ritual to encompass ethics, duty, and holistic well-being. Include key quotes and Sanskrit shlokas for authenticity.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. First of all, contemplation of religion happened in:
(a) Western culture
(b) Eastern cultures
(c) In both of these
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Eastern cultures
In simple words: The first deep thinking about religion started in Eastern cultures. Many ancient philosophical and religious traditions originated in the East.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between Western and Eastern philosophical traditions when discussing the origins of abstract concepts like religion. Eastern thought often has a longer documented history of religious contemplation.

Question 2. According to Sri Krishna in Gita, a person is gifted by nature for :
(a) intellect
(b) spirit of welfare of others
(c) logical power
(d) acumen
Answer: (d) acumen
In simple words: In the Gita, Lord Krishna says that people are naturally given "acumen" or sharp insight. This means a natural ability to understand and decide things wisely.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions based on religious scriptures, pinpoint the specific quality or virtue highlighted in the text. 'Acumen' refers to quick and sharp understanding.

Question 3. Which one of the following has constitutional recognition?
(a) Morality
(b) Purity and impurity
(c) Secularism
Answer: (c) Secularism
In simple words: Out of the choices given, secularism is recognized in the constitution. This means the government treats all religions equally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between moral principles and constitutional values. Secularism is a core constitutional principle in many nations, including India.

Question 4. The element of ethical truth is :
(a) love
(b) mercy
(c) compassion
(d) all of the options
Answer: (d) all of the options
In simple words: Ethical truth includes all good qualities like love, mercy, and compassion. These are fundamental to moral behavior.

🎯 Exam Tip: When questions ask for elements of a broad concept like 'ethical truth,' consider all positive human virtues as potential components. Often, options like "all of the above" are correct if the listed items are intrinsically related.

Question 5. "Those who live for others live in true sense, the rest though live are like corpse.” Whose statement is this?
(a) Dr Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan
(b) Sri Krishna
(c) Swami Vivekananda
(d) Ram Manohar Lohia
Answer: (c) Swami Vivekananda
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda made this statement, meaning that a life dedicated to helping others is the only truly meaningful life. Living only for oneself is like being lifeless.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the philosopher or leader who advocated for selfless service and altruism. Swami Vivekananda's teachings often emphasized service to humanity.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What has Swami Vivekananda said, while making distinction between spirituality and external formal religion?
Answer: Swami Vivekananda said that 'religion is a mere extension of spirituality prevalent in human being.' He believed that true religion is an inner spiritual awakening, not just outward rituals. Spirituality is the inner core that religion helps to express outwardly.
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda said that religion is just how our inner spirituality shows itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand Swami Vivekananda's view that spirituality is innate and religion is its outward expression. This differentiates true spiritual realization from mere ritualism.

Question 2. What has been termed as epicentre of religion by Dr Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan?
Answer: Spirituality has been termed as the epicentre of religion by Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan. He considered spiritual growth and self-realization to be the central and most important aspect of any religious practice. Without spirituality, religion lacks its true meaning.
In simple words: Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan said that spirituality is the very center of religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect Dr. Radhakrishnan with the idea of spirituality as the core of religion. His philosophy often focused on the internal, experiential aspect of faith.

Question 3. According to Dr Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan, what is the essence of religion?
Answer: According to Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan, the essence of religion is based on the emphasis it places on the spiritual side for the growth of the soul and for guiding life towards secularism. This implies that religion's true value lies in promoting inner development and fostering harmonious coexistence in a diverse society. He believed that inner transformation leads to a better world.
In simple words: Dr. Sarvpalli Radhakrishnan believed that religion's main point is to help our souls grow spiritually and lead us to live in a secular way, respecting everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Radhakrishnan, link spirituality not just to individual growth but also to its societal implications, like promoting secular values and harmony.

Question 4. To which senses, the religion in India relates to?
Answer: In India, religion is related to the senses of duty, non-violence, justice, good conduct, and virtues. It is seen as a way of life that guides people towards ethical living and social responsibility. Indian philosophy often blurs the lines between religious and moral codes.
In simple words: In India, religion is connected to ideas of duty, peace, fairness, and good behavior.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the comprehensive nature of 'Dharma' in the Indian context, which encompasses moral, ethical, and societal dimensions, not just spiritual ones.

Question 5. What is regarded religion by Sri Krishna in the Gita?
Answer: According to Sri Krishna in the Gita, religion is regarded as the acquisition of the best knowledge based on rationality and the performance of conduct accordingly. It means that true religion involves understanding supreme wisdom and then living one's life in alignment with that understanding. It's about knowledge leading to right action.
In simple words: Sri Krishna in the Gita says that religion is about gaining true knowledge with reason and then acting correctly based on that knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: When citing the Gita, remember its emphasis on wisdom (knowledge) combined with action (karma yoga). Religion, for Krishna, is practical wisdom in living.

Question 6. When is the conduct as per religion possible?
Answer: Conduct as per religion is possible only when a person gives up selfishness, narrow-mindedness, pride, and the desire for dominance. True religious behavior comes from a place of humility and selfless regard for others. It requires overcoming personal flaws for the greater good.
In simple words: We can act truly religiously only when we let go of being selfish, narrow-minded, proud, and wanting to control others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the internal transformation required for genuine religious conduct. It's not just about outward acts but about purifying one's intentions and character.

Question 7. At present times, Indian lifeline has become polluted. Why?
Answer: Today, the Indian lifeline has become polluted because we have abandoned ancient religious values and given way to destructive tendencies like communalism. The rise of sectarian conflict and narrow-mindedness has corrupted the social fabric, leading to divisions and intolerance. Losing moral compass leads to societal decay.
In simple words: India's society is troubled today because people have left old good values and instead adopted harmful ideas like communalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing societal pollution, focus on ideological and moral reasons rather than literal environmental ones. Communalism is a major factor in social disharmony.

Question 8. What is secularism in Indian context?
Answer: The meaning of secularism in the Indian context is that there is no discrimination against followers of any religion, and all religions are equally respected. Unlike some Western models, Indian secularism doesn't strictly separate state and religion but ensures that the state maintains neutrality and grants equal freedom to all faiths. It is about Sarva Dharma Sambhava, meaning equal respect for all religions.
In simple words: In India, secularism means the government treats all religions equally and respects them, without favoring any one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the "equal respect for all religions" aspect of Indian secularism, contrasting it with the "separation of church and state" model sometimes seen elsewhere. This is a key distinction.

Question 9. What is the basic doctrine of religion?
Answer: The basic doctrine of religion is to serve humankind. Most religions emphasize compassion, charity, and contributing positively to the welfare of others. Service to humanity is often seen as service to God.
In simple words: The main teaching of religion is to help and serve all people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the universal ethical principle shared by most religions: altruism and the betterment of humanity. This is a foundational aspect.

Question 11. What education does religion impart?
Answer: Religion teaches us to remain aloof from vices and follow the path of goodwill and good conduct. It guides individuals towards moral living, ethical decision-making, and avoiding harmful behaviors. It aims to cultivate positive character traits.
In simple words: Religion teaches us to stay away from bad habits and to be good and kind.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the moral and ethical guidance provided by religion, focusing on its role in character formation and promoting virtuous behavior.

Question 12. What are the result in the rational amalgamation of religion and politics?
Answer: The rational blend of religion and politics is beneficial for human welfare. When political decisions are guided by ethical principles from religion (like justice and compassion) and religion is understood rationally, it can lead to a more just and harmonious society. Such a blend prevents extremism and promotes balanced governance.
In simple words: When religion and politics work together smartly, it helps people live better lives and makes society peaceful.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stress that a "rational amalgamation" is key. It's not about religious dominance, but about using the ethical foundations of religion to inform politics for the common good.

Question 13. At present, what are the basic causes of religious struggle?
Answer: At present, different religious conventions and sects are trying to establish their personal supremacy, causing opposition, strife, and malice. This desire for one's own religion to be seen as superior to others is the basic reason for religious struggle. Such struggles often arise from intolerance and a lack of understanding of other faiths.
In simple words: Today, religious fights happen because different groups want their own religion to be seen as the best, which causes conflict and hatred.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the core issue of "supremacy" or "dominance" as the root cause of religious conflicts, rather than religion itself. Highlight intolerance as a major contributing factor.

Question 14. What is the criteria of truth of religion?
Answer: There are two conditions for the criteria of truth of religion:
1. Universal acceptance of religion,
2. Public utility.
A true religion's principles should be applicable and beneficial to all people, promoting their welfare and harmony. Its truths should resonate globally and serve humanity.
In simple words: A true religion is one that is accepted by everyone and helps all people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the universal applicability and societal benefit as key criteria for evaluating the 'truth' or validity of a religion. True principles should improve human life.

Question 15. Truth and morality is beyond country or period, why?
Answer: Truth and morality are beyond any demarcation of a country or period because fundamental ideals of love, mercy, compassion, etc., are universal ethos of all religions. These values are beyond the influence of geographical boundaries and time. They are timeless principles that apply to all humanity, transcending cultural specificities.
In simple words: Truth and good morals are the same everywhere and at all times because ideas like love and kindness are common to all religions and never change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the universal and timeless nature of core ethical values. Explain that these fundamental principles are not bound by specific cultures, geographies, or historical eras.

Question 17. How can a best state be established in the world?
Answer: The establishment of the best state is possible only by the identical values of all religions/faiths. When a state incorporates shared values like justice, peace, and compassion from all faiths into its governance, it creates a harmonious and prosperous society. This approach ensures inclusivity and common well-being.
In simple words: The best state can be made when all religions agree on and follow the same good values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on shared values across religions as the foundation for an ideal state, emphasizing unity and mutual understanding rather than favoring one religion.

Question 18. On what basis, religion is criticized by Bertrand Russel and E.M. Foster?
Answer: Many scholars like Bertrand Russell and E.M. Foster have criticized religion because politics, used in the name of religion, has always caused bloodshed in the world, and this continues even today. They argue that religious differences have often been manipulated for political gain, leading to conflict and violence. For them, the history of religion is stained by warfare.
In simple words: Bertrand Russell and E.M. Foster criticized religion because politics, when mixed with religion, has caused a lot of violence and bloodshed throughout history.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing critiques of religion, focus on the negative historical impacts, particularly when religion has been intertwined with politics and power struggles. Quote the critics directly.

Question 19. What is the fundamental element of politics?
Answer: The fundamental element of politics is to rule by policy. This policy is shaped and guided by moral values and the best religious conventions and beliefs. Politics, at its core, is about establishing rules and governance for society, ideally based on ethical considerations. It involves making decisions for the community's welfare.
In simple words: The main part of politics is to govern using good rules, which are guided by moral and religious values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define politics in terms of governance and policy-making, stressing the ethical foundations that ideally should guide these processes.

Question 20. What are the basic elements of non-violence and religion?
Answer: The basic elements of both non-violence and religion are-pardon, mercy, compassion, truth, devotion towards duty, and honesty. Both principles teach individuals to live harmoniously, treat others with kindness, and maintain integrity in their actions. They are intertwined in promoting peace and ethical living.
In simple words: The main parts of non-violence and religion are forgiveness, kindness, pity, truth, being devoted to duty, and being honest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the shared ethical virtues between non-violence and religion. These commonalities underscore their collective goal of fostering a better, more peaceful society.

Question 21. Which is the supreme religion for a human-being.
Answer: Rashtradharma (Duty towards nation) is considered the supreme religion for a human being. This implies that one's duties and loyalty to their nation should take precedence, especially in times of need. It means prioritizing the collective well-being and security of the country. This includes civic responsibility.
In simple words: The best religion for a person is their duty towards their own nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand "Rashtradharma" as a concept that places civic duty and national loyalty as paramount, often above individual religious preferences, for the greater good of the country.

Question 22. Which one is the most ancient religion of the world?
Answer: Sanatan Dharma (Eternal religion) and Vedic religion are considered the most ancient religions of the world. Their origins trace back thousands of years to ancient Indian civilization, with a rich tradition of scriptures and practices. These traditions are based on timeless principles.
In simple words: Sanatan Dharma and Vedic religion are thought to be the oldest religions in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize Sanatan Dharma (often referred to as Hinduism) and Vedic religion as among the oldest living religious traditions globally. These terms are often used interchangeably to refer to the ancient religious practices of India.

Question 24. What is the state of liberty and rights in Islam?
Answer: In Islam, authority and duty dominate over liberty and rights. Islamic law (Sharia) emphasizes adherence to divine commands and individual responsibilities within the community, often viewing rights as stemming from these duties. This framework prioritizes communal welfare and adherence to religious dictates.
In simple words: In Islam, following rules and doing your duties are more important than personal freedom and rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing liberty and rights in the context of Islam, emphasize the concept of divine authority and individual duties as foundational, which often shape the understanding of personal freedoms.

Question 25. In the form of secular nation, the foundation of our country is dependent upon what?
Answer: In the form of a secular nation, the foundation of our country is based on religious tolerance, religious goodwill, and morality. These principles ensure that all citizens, regardless of their faith, can coexist peacefully and contribute to society. A nation's strength lies in its ability to uphold these values for all.
In simple words: Our country, as a secular nation, is built on accepting all religions, showing kindness to all faiths, and living morally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the three pillars of a secular nation: tolerance, goodwill, and morality. These are crucial for maintaining social harmony and national unity in a religiously diverse country.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Today Indian lifeline has been polluted. How?
Answer: Communalism is a social state where different religious groups try to establish their supremacy over others. At present, the communalism affecting Indian life is harmful. Communalism does not always appear in the same form. If one kind of communalism is encouraged, it naturally leads to another, which harms nation-building. Today, we have neglected ancient values of life and adopted destructive tendencies like communalism. This is why the Indian lifeline has become polluted. This shift from inclusive values to divisive ideologies weakens the social fabric.
In simple words: Indian society is troubled because different religious groups want to be supreme, which creates division and harmful ideas like communalism, replacing old good values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define communalism as the struggle for supremacy among religious groups. Explain how this leads to the neglect of traditional values and harms national unity.

Question 2. What are the fundamental characteristics of all religions? Explain.
Answer: All religions share a similar basic spirit, and their main characteristics are given below:
1. The main object of religion is to serve humankind.
2. Religion emphasizes good conduct, mercy, compassion, and non-violence.
3. Religion preaches to avoid evil ways and follow good conduct.
4. The basic form of religion is spiritual and free from outward showiness.
These shared principles form the universal ethical core that connects diverse religious traditions globally. They guide individuals towards a purposeful and virtuous life.
In simple words: All religions have common traits like serving people, being kind, peaceful, and honest, and focusing on inner spirituality instead of just outward show.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing characteristics, focus on universal moral and ethical values shared across diverse religions. Use clear, concise points to ensure easy understanding.

Question 3. How is the true utility of any religion proved?
Answer: The utility of any religion is proved only when it establishes uniformity with other religions. Any religion that condemns, criticizes, and disrespects other religions, or views their customs and traditions with hatred, cannot be true and universal. A truly beneficial religion promotes harmony and understanding among different faiths.
There is no scientific laboratory for religious conventions and beliefs. In fact, the supremacy of a religion is tested based on the purity of conduct, compassion, mercy, and emphasis on non-violence. It teaches to stay away from vices and follow the path of good conduct. It should be perfect in its ethical standards and wish for the welfare of humankind. This practical application of values in society is the real test of its utility.
In simple words: A religion is truly useful if it respects and gets along with other religions, promotes good behavior, kindness, and non-violence, and aims to help all people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the criteria of inclusivity, ethical conduct, and universal welfare as indicators of a religion's true utility. A true religion should unite, not divide.

Question 4. How is religion being misused? Explain.
Answer: After World War II, many empires declared a specific religion as their state religion and fought wars to increase their followers in the name of religion. They fought many battles to expand their empires by using religion as a tool. Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and many sects separated from Hinduism tried to gain recognition by force and expanded the reach of their religions. For the last two thousand years, there have been many instances of mass killings and bloodshed. At present, terrorist activities are on the rise under the guise of religion. Terrorists have started victimizing followers of other religions. India has suffered greatly due to these activities. This misuse turns a path of peace into a source of conflict.
In simple words: Religion is misused when it's used to gain political power, fight wars, and cause violence against people, as seen in history and current terrorism.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the misuse of religion, highlight the historical and contemporary examples of violence, political manipulation, and extremism that have occurred in its name. Emphasize how this deviates from the core principles of most religions.

Question 5. Explain religion and politics in the context of Islam religion.
Answer: The Islam religion clearly shows the blend of politics in religion and religion in politics. In Islam, authority and duty are more dominant than liberty and rights. In all Islamic states, personal liberty is defined and limited by the authority and power of the state. The relationship of Islamic political philosophy is not only linked to state affairs, politics, and the state but also emphasizes the acknowledged behavior of a person, morality, and the ruler's and the ruled's devotion towards God. Islam can be understood through its traditions. Islam believes in purity achieved through obedience to God and the Prophet. Islam, by nature, is a dynamic religion. In geographical and political forms, the extension and expansion of Islam have been on the rise. Muslims form a significant global population. Geographically, Islam has a strong influence over the central part of the globe, spreading like a web from east to west. Islam dominates in non-white Africa, India, and China. Islam is not confined within a national culture or boundary; it is a pervasive universal force. Since its origin, the number of followers has been increasing. Islam emerged in the seventh century in Mecca and Medina as a small community. Its foundation was laid by Prophet Mohammad with two followers. In a short time, many different groups gathered under its banner. Islam, through its continuous movement, spread across the Middle East, North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Middle Asia, and the Indus Valley region. Islam, by adopting Greek philosophy and science, made certain changes to suit its followers and transformed itself into Islamisation. While embracing minute rationality of Jewish laws and Persian governance skills, they also adopted Christian methodologies. They included Malayan tricks and Persian dualism in Islam. Islam also stretched its influence, covering Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, and Samarkand. Besides, many Arab tribal cultures merged into Islam.
Islam does not distinguish between spiritual, bodily, non-bodily, practical, religious, and secular forms of religion. Islam considers religion and politics to be mutually connected. In Islam, authority and duty dominate over liberty and rights. In countries following Islam, personal liberty is defined by the state's authority and power.
In simple words: In Islam, religion and politics are closely linked, with emphasis on authority and duty over individual rights. Its teachings guide both personal morality and state governance. Islam has spread widely, influencing many cultures and integrating various philosophies while maintaining its core beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Islam's integrated view of religion and politics, where religious principles often inform governance and social structure. Discuss its historical spread and the emphasis on duty and authority within its framework.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Question

Question 5. Explain religion and politics in the context of Islam religion.
Answer: Islam views religion and politics as closely connected. In Islam, authority and duty are more important than individual freedom and rights. In all Islamic countries, the state's power and authority define personal liberty. Islamic political philosophy is not just about state affairs; it also highlights that people and rulers should behave well and be devoted to God. Islam is a dynamic religion that can adapt and has spread widely.
From a geographical viewpoint, Islam has a strong influence in many parts of the world, extending from east to west. It is dominant in non-white Africa, India, and China. Islam is not limited by national culture or borders; it is a global force that has continuously grown since its beginning in the seventh century in Mecca and Medina. Prophet Muhammad founded it with two followers, and quickly, many different groups joined. This historical expansion shows how deeply Islam shaped societies and political structures across vast regions.
Islam spread across the Middle East, North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Central Asia, and the Indus Valley. It adopted ideas from Greek philosophy and science, changing them to fit its own beliefs. It also took rational ideas from Jewish laws and Persian governance, and used methods from Christian religions, blending them with Malaysian and Persian concepts. Islam expanded its reach to places like Baghdad, Kohira, Damascus, and Samarkand, and many Arab tribes became part of Islam.
Islam does not separate spiritual, physical, practical, or worldly matters; it sees religion and politics as linked. In Islam, authority and duty are considered superior to liberty and rights. In countries that follow Islam, the state's power and authority determine the extent of personal freedom.
In simple words: Islam closely links religion and politics, emphasizing duty and state power over individual freedom. It spread widely by adapting ideas from different cultures and shaping societies across many regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Islam and politics, remember to highlight the strong link between religious principles and governance, emphasizing duty and authority over individual liberty.