RBSE Solutions Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 India Composition of Population

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Santhal Tribes of India belong to:
(a) Negrito
(b) Primitive Australoid
(c) Mongoloid
(d) Eastern Mediterranean Race
Answer: (b) Primitive Australoid
In simple words: The Santhal people, a tribal group in India, are classified under the Primitive Australoid race. This classification helps understand their ethnic background.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific tribal groups and their associated racial classifications for questions about population composition.

Question 3. Which of the following is the largest linguistic group in India?
(a) Chinese - Tibetan
(b) Austric
(c) Indo - Aryan (Indo - European)
(d) Dravidian
Answer: (c) Indo - Aryan (Indo - European)
In simple words: The biggest language family in India is Indo-Aryan. Many languages like Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi belong to this group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the major linguistic families helps understand India's diverse cultural landscape.

Question 4. How much of the Indian population lives in rural areas?
(a) 717 million
(b) 833 million
(c) 847 million
(d) 853 million
Answer: (b) 833 million
In simple words: About 833 million people in India live in villages and countryside, not in cities. This shows a big part of India's population is still rural.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of key population figures, such as rural-urban distribution, as they are common factual questions.

Question 5. The state with the highest sex ratio as per 2011 census is:
(a) Kerala
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Nagaland
Answer: (a) Kerala
In simple words: As per the 2011 census, Kerala had the most women for every 1000 men compared to other states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Kerala consistently ranks high in social development indicators, including sex ratio and literacy.

Question 7. What is the literacy rate in India according to 2011 census?
(a) 49.5%
(b) 74.04%
(c) 42.5%
(d) 65.38%
Answer: (b) 74.04%
In simple words: In 2011, about 74.04% of people in India could read and write. This is a key measure of education in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to remember important demographic figures like the overall literacy rate, as they are frequently asked facts.

Question 8. Which state of India has the highest ratio of the Hindus?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (c) Himachal Pradesh
In simple words: Himachal Pradesh has the largest percentage of Hindu residents among all Indian states.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about religious composition, focus on states with significantly high or low percentages for major religions.

Question 9. The birthplace of the Mongol race is:
(a) India
(b)
(c) China
(d) Central - Western Asia
Answer: (c) China
In simple words: The Mongol race, an ethnic group, is believed to have originated from China.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the origins and migrations of different racial groups to answer such questions accurately.

Question 10. Which state of India has the highest literacy rate?
(a) Goa
(b) Kerala
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) [Option text missing in source]
Answer: (b) Kerala
In simple words: Kerala has the highest literacy rate among all states in India, meaning most people there can read and write.

🎯 Exam Tip: Kerala is often recognized for its high achievements in social indicators like literacy and sex ratio.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 12. Which state of India has the highest sex ratio as per 2011 census?
Answer: According to the 2011 census, Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India with 1084 females per 1000 males. This indicates a more balanced gender distribution in the state.
In simple words: In 2011, Kerala had more women than men compared to other Indian states. It means for every 1000 men, there were 1084 women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific census figures for states like Kerala, known for high social development, are often tested.

Question 13. What is the national average of urban population in India according to 2011 census?
Answer: As per the 2011 census, the national average of urban population in India was 31.20%. This shows the proportion of people living in cities and towns nationwide.
In simple words: In 2011, about 31.20% of all people in India lived in cities. This is the average for the whole country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key national averages like urban population percentage as they reflect broad demographic trends.

Question 14. Which state of India has the lowest literacy rate according to 2011 census?
Answer: In 2011, Bihar had the lowest literacy rate in India at 63.82%. This indicates the state with the lowest percentage of people who can read and write.
In simple words: Bihar had the fewest people who could read and write in 2011 compared to other Indian states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the extremes in demographic data, such as the states with the highest and lowest literacy rates.

Question 15. Which state of India has the highest percentage of rural population according to 2011 census?
Answer: As per the 2011 census, Uttar Pradesh had the highest percentage of rural population in India (18.6% of India's total rural population). However, among states, Mizoram had the highest percentage of rural population within its total state population (48.5%).
In simple words: In 2011, Uttar Pradesh had the most rural people in all of India. Also, Mizoram had nearly half of its own population living in villages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between a state contributing the highest number to a national total and a state having the highest percentage of a demographic within its own boundaries.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is meant by Population Composition?
Answer: Population composition means looking at the different features of people living in an area. This includes their age, gender, where they live (rural or urban), their race, language, religion, and how educated they are. It helps us understand the structure of the population.
In simple words: Population composition is like a detailed picture of who lives in a place, showing things like their age, gender, and language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include key aspects like age, sex, and rural-urban residence when defining population composition.

Question 17. Define sex ratio and explain its significance.
Answer: The sex ratio is the number of women for every 1,000 men in a population. It is calculated using the formula:\[ Sex \ Ratio = \frac { \text{Total number of women} }{ \text{Total number of men} } \times 1000 \]
The sex ratio is important because it shows the balance between males and females, which is a key factor in the development of a country's economy and society. It also tells us about the overall quality and social health of the population.
In simple words: Sex ratio tells us how many women there are compared to men in a place. It's a simple way to see if there's a good balance in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the definition and the calculation formula for sex ratio, then explain its importance for societal development.

Question 18. What are the reasons responsible for low sex ratio in India?
Answer: Several reasons contribute to a low sex ratio in India. These include a strong preference for sons over daughters, early child marriages, the lower social status of women, lack of proper education for girls, and the growing urbanization trend. These factors all lead to fewer females compared to males in the population.
In simple words: Many reasons cause a low number of girls compared to boys in India, such as wanting sons more, child marriages, and not enough education for girls.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both social and economic factors when discussing reasons for skewed sex ratios, as they often interact.

Question 19. What are the main reasons for the increase in literacy in India after independence?
Answer: After India became independent, literacy increased due to several key reasons. More schools were built in different areas, and public awareness about the importance of education grew. A rapid rise in female literacy, even faster than male literacy, also played a big role. Government policies and social media encouraged families to provide education for their children, further boosting literacy levels.
In simple words: After independence, more schools and awareness helped more people become literate in India. Girls' education also grew quickly, and government plans encouraged learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing development, highlight both infrastructure (schools) and social changes (awareness, female literacy) as contributing factors.

Question 20. In which states of India is a large rural population found as per 2011 census?
Answer: According to the 2011 census, states like Himachal Pradesh (89.96%), Bihar (88.70%), Assam (85.92%), Odisha (83.32%), Meghalaya (79.92%), Uttar Pradesh (77.72%) and Arunachal Pradesh (77.33%) have a large rural population. These states show a high percentage of their residents living in villages.
In simple words: In 2011, many people lived in villages in states like Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing states for demographic questions, try to provide a few examples with their respective percentages if known, to demonstrate thoroughness.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Essay Type Questions

Question 21. Analyze the population composition of India.
Answer: Population composition is the study of various characteristics of people in an area, such as age, gender, place of residence (rural-urban), race, language, religion, and literacy. Based on these aspects, India's population composition can be analyzed under the following main categories:
1. Rural - urban population: In 2011, India's total population was 121.02 crore. About 83.31 crore people (68.8% of the total) lived in rural areas, while 37.71 crore people (31.20% of the total) lived in urban areas. States with the highest rural population percentages include Himachal Pradesh (89.96%), Bihar (88.70%), and Assam (85.92%). States with the highest urban population percentages include Tamil Nadu (48.45%), Kerala (47.72%), and Maharashtra (45.23%).
2. Sex - Ratio: In 2011, the average sex ratio in India was 940 (females per 1000 males). States with a higher sex ratio than the average include Kerala (1084), Tamil Nadu (995), and Andhra Pradesh (992). Union territories like Puducherry (1031) and Lakshadweep (945) also had a high sex ratio. The states with the lowest sex ratio are also found.
3. Age structure: As per the 2011 census, India's population can be divided into three age groups: juvenile (0-14 years, 29.5%), adult (15-59 years, 62.5%), and old-age (60 years and above, 8%).
4. Literacy: In 2011, the literacy rate was 74.04%. States with higher literacy rates include Kerala (93.91%), Lakshadweep (92.2%), and Mizoram (91.58%). States with lower literacy rates include Bihar (63.82%) and Rajasthan (67.06%).
5. Language Composition: Hindi is the mother tongue for 48.69 crore people (40.22% of total population). Other major languages include Bengali (8.3%), Telugu (7.87%), Marathi (7.45%), Tamil (6.32%), Urdu (5.18%), and Gujarati (4.85%).
6. Religious Structure: In 2011, Hindus made up 79.56% of the population. Muslims were 14.31%, Christians 2.36%, Sikhs 1.74%, Buddhists 0.77%, and Jains 0.41%. Himachal Pradesh has the highest Hindu population (95.43%), while Mizoram has the lowest (3.55%). Lakshadweep has the highest Muslim population (94.92%).
7. Racial structure: India's population includes various races: Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Broad-Headed Western, and Nordic. Each group is found in specific regions, such as Negritos in Nagaland and Jharkhand, Proto-Australoids in Central and South India, and Mongoloids in the North-Eastern states.
In simple words: Population composition looks at different features of people in India like age, gender, where they live (city or village), what language they speak, and their religion. For example, in 2011, most Indians lived in villages, and Kerala had more women per man than other states. We also look at age groups, how many people can read, and the different languages and religions found across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: For essay questions on population composition, structure your answer with clear sub-headings for each component (age, sex, rural-urban, etc.) and cite relevant census data where possible.

Question 23. Explain in detail the nature of literacy in India.
Answer: Literacy is a key indicator of a civilized society's development, reflecting a country's economy, urbanization, living standards, gender equality, educational facilities, and technological progress. In 2011, India's literacy rate was 74.04%, showing a significant increase since 1961. However, literacy rates vary across regions. States and union territories with high literacy (over 80%) include Kerala (93.91%), Lakshadweep (92.28%), and Mizoram (91.58%). States with lower literacy rates (below 70%) include Bihar (63.82%), Rajasthan (67.06%), and Jammu-Kashmir (68.74%).
In simple words: Literacy in India means how many people can read and write, which helps show how developed the country is. In 2011, about 74% of Indians were literate, but some states like Kerala had very high rates, while others like Bihar had lower rates.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing literacy, provide the national average and contrast it with examples of states with high and low literacy rates to show regional disparities.

Numerical Based Questions

Question 24. Display the literacy percentage of 2011 in the map of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For visual display questions, ensure your map or diagram is clearly labelled and accurately represents the required data.

Question 25. Display the literacy rate in India from 1901 to 2011 through a linear graph.

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting data graphically, ensure correct axes, labels, and a clear title to convey the information effectively.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Which of the following states of India had the maximum number of villages in 2011?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Odisha
Answer: (c) Uttar Pradesh
In simple words: In 2011, Uttar Pradesh had the highest count of villages among all Indian states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on states that lead in specific demographic categories, such as rural population or number of villages.

Question 2. The percentage of urban population in total population of India in 2011 was:
(a) 23.4
(b) 28.3
(c) 30.2
(d) 31.2
Answer: (d) 31.2
In simple words: In 2011, about 31.2% of India's total population lived in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the exact percentage figures for key demographic indicators like urban population to score full marks.

Question 3. Which of the following states of India had the highest percentage of urban population in 2011?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Karnataka
Answer: (a) Tamil Nadu
In simple words: In 2011, Tamil Nadu had the largest share of its population living in cities and towns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify states with high urbanization levels, as they indicate advanced economic and social development.

Question 4. Which of the following states of India had the highest percentage of increase in urban population in the decade 2001 - 11?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Mizoram
(c) Kerala
(d) Maharashtra
Answer: (b) Mizoram
In simple words: Mizoram showed the biggest jump in its city population percentage between 2001 and 2011.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note trends and changes over time, especially for population growth or urbanization rates in specific states.

Question 5. Which of the following union territories had the highest sex ratio in 2011?
(a) Puducherry
(b) Lakshadweep
(c) Dadra - Nagar Haveli
(d) Daman - Diu
Answer: (a) Puducherry
In simple words: Puducherry had the highest number of women compared to men among all Union Territories in 2011.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific data for Union Territories, as their figures can sometimes differ from general state trends.

Question 6. The percentage of the population of child-age group in total population of India in 2011 was:
(a) 58.1
(b) 62.5
(c) 63.8
(d) 65.2
Answer: (b) 62.5
In simple words: In 2011, children aged 0-14 made up about 62.5% of India's total population.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the percentage of different age groups as they indicate the dependency ratio and potential workforce of a country.

Question 8. Which of the following states has the highest population of child-age group in 2011?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Bihar
(d) Rajasthan
Answer: (a) Uttar Pradesh
In simple words: In 2011, Uttar Pradesh had the largest number of children aged 0-14 years among all Indian states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand which states are major contributors to different population segments, like the child-age group.

Question 9. Munda and Kol tribes are related to which of the following ethnic groups?
(a) Proto - Australoid
(b) Negrito
(c) Nordic
(d) Mongoloid
Answer: (a) Proto - Australoid
In simple words: The Munda and Kol tribes belong to the Proto-Australoid ethnic group, which is one of the main racial classifications in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with the classification of major tribal groups into different racial categories.

Match the Following

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Name the leading states of India in terms of number of villages in 2011.
Answer: According to the 2011 census, the states with the highest number of villages are Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, and Rajasthan.
In simple words: In 2011, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, and Rajasthan had the most villages in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for leading states, list them accurately based on the given census year and specific criteria like "number of villages."

Question 2. Name the leading states of India in terms of number of cities.
Answer: In India, the states with the highest number of cities are Tamil Nadu (721), Uttar Pradesh (648), Madhya Pradesh (364), Maharashtra (256), Karnataka (220), Gujarat (195), and Rajasthan (185).
In simple words: Tamil Nadu has the most cities, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember a few key states with high urban centers for quick recall, as these indicate significant urbanization.

Question 3. Which states of India have high urban population percentage?
Answer: In India, the states with a high urban population percentage include Tamil Nadu (48.45%), Kerala (47.72%), Maharashtra (45.23%), Gujarat (42.58%), Karnataka (38.57%), and Punjab (37.49%).
In simple words: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Punjab are states where a large part of the population lives in cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the difference between "number of cities" and "percentage of urban population" as they highlight different aspects of urbanization.

Question 4. Which factors are responsible for increase in urban population in India?
Answer: Several factors cause the urban population to grow in India. These include a lack of job opportunities in villages, better facilities and attractions in cities, better education options, industrial growth, improved transport and communication, low profits from farming, and the closing of small village industries. These all draw people to urban areas.
In simple words: People move to cities for jobs, better schools, city attractions, and industries, while farming issues and closed village businesses push them away from rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing population changes, always consider both "push" factors (reasons people leave an area) and "pull" factors (reasons people are drawn to an area).

Question 6. What is the average sex ratio of India and the world?
Answer: The average sex ratio in India is 940 females per 1000 males, while the average sex ratio for the world is 948 females per 1000 males.
In simple words: India has 940 women for every 1000 men, which is a bit lower than the world average of 948 women for every 1000 men.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember these two key figures (India's and the world's average sex ratio) as they are often used for comparison in demographic questions.

Question 7. Mention main factors responsible for decreasing sex ratio in India.
Answer: The main reasons for a decreasing sex ratio in India include the preference for sons, child marriages, a lower status of women in society, and the greater importance given to men in society. These factors together lead to fewer females compared to males.
In simple words: Fewer girls are born due to a strong preference for sons, early marriages, and women having a lower status in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing social issues like sex ratio, focus on highlighting key socio-cultural factors alongside economic and educational reasons.

Question 8. Name the states with higher sex ratio than the national average.
Answer: The states with a sex ratio higher than the national average (940) include Kerala (1084), Tamil Nadu (995), Andhra Pradesh (992), Chhattisgarh (991), Manipur (987), Meghalaya (986), Odisha (978), Himachal Pradesh (974), Karnataka (968), and Tripura (961). Puducherry (1035) and Lakshadweep (946) are also union territories with higher sex ratios.
In simple words: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tripura, along with Puducherry and Lakshadweep, have more women per 1000 men than the national average.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is helpful to know a few states at the top of the list, especially Kerala, which is consistently high.

Question 9. Name the states/union territories with lower sex ratio than the national average.
Answer: States and union territories with a lower sex ratio than the national average (940) include Haryana (877), Bihar (916), Jammu-Kashmir (883), Sikkim (889), Punjab (893), Uttar Pradesh (908), Gujarat (918), Rajasthan (926), Arunachal Pradesh (920), Nagaland (931), Madhya Pradesh (930), and Maharashtra (925). The union territories in this category are Daman and Diu (618), Dadra-Nagar Haveli (775), and Chandigarh (818).
In simple words: Many states and union territories, like Haryana, Bihar, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh, have fewer women per 1000 men than the national average. Daman and Diu has the lowest ratio.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing examples of states with both high and low sex ratios demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of demographic patterns.

Question 10. In which states/union territories did the sex ratio decrease in the decade 2001 - 2011?
Answer: During the 2001-2011 decade, the sex ratio decreased in the states of Bihar, Jammu-Kashmir, and in the union territories of Daman and Diu, Dadra-Nagar Haveli, and Lakshadweep.
In simple words: Between 2001 and 2011, the number of females per 1000 males went down in Bihar, Jammu-Kashmir, Daman and Diu, Dadra-Nagar Haveli, and Lakshadweep.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific periods and trends, as questions often ask about changes over a defined time frame.

Question 12. Into which categories is the population divided in terms of age group?
Answer: The population is divided into three age groups: the juvenile group (0-14 years), the adult group (15-59 years), and the old-age group (60 years and above).
In simple words: People are grouped by age into children (0-14), adults (15-59), and older people (60 and above).

🎯 Exam Tip: These three age groups are standard demographic classifications; understand their definitions and typical roles in a population.

Question 13. In which stage of demographic transition is India?
Answer: India is currently in the third stage of demographic transition.
In simple words: India is in the third phase of population change, where birth rates start to fall and population growth slows down.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with the stages of demographic transition and where countries like India fit into this model.

Question 14. What does the shape of age pyramid of India indicate?
Answer: The age pyramid of India has a wide base and a sharp peak. This shape indicates a high birth rate (many young people) and a lower life expectancy (fewer older people), showing a mobile population.
In simple words: India's age pyramid is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, which means there are many young people but fewer very old people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how the shape of an age pyramid reflects a country's birth rates, death rates, and overall population dynamics.

Question 15. What can be understood by the age structure of India?
Answer: Based on the 2011 census, India's age structure shows that 29.5% of the population are children (0-14 years) and 8.0% are elderly (60+ years). The adult group (15-59 years) makes up 62.5%. This indicates a high dependency ratio (many young and old depend on working adults) but also a large working population.
In simple words: In India, most people are adults who work, but there are also many children and older people who depend on them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to interpret the implications of a country's age structure, such as the dependency ratio and potential workforce size.

Question 16. Which are leading states in terms of the percentage of child - age population in total population?
Answer: The leading states with a high percentage of child population (0-14 years) in their total population are Meghalaya (18.75%), Bihar (17.90%), Jammu-Kashmir (16.01%), Jharkhand (15.89%), Rajasthan (15.31%), Mizoram (15.17%), and Uttar Pradesh (14.90%).
In simple words: Meghalaya, Bihar, Jammu-Kashmir, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Mizoram, and Uttar Pradesh have a higher proportion of children in their total population.

🎯 Exam Tip: States with higher child populations often indicate higher birth rates and future population growth potential.

Question 18. What is the importance of Age Structure?
Answer: The age structure of a population is important because it helps us understand the number of dependent people (young and old), the size of the working population, and the employment situation in any country or region. It gives insights into the societal burden and economic potential.
In simple words: Age structure helps us see how many people are too young or too old to work and how many people are available for jobs in a country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how age structure provides crucial data for planning social services, economic development, and workforce strategies.

Question 19. What does Literacy mean?
Answer: In India, literacy means the percentage of the population aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding, and also have the ability to do simple math calculations.
In simple words: Literacy in India means if people aged 7 or older can read, write, and do basic sums.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specific age criteria (7 years and above) and the components (reading, writing, basic arithmetic) for defining literacy in India.

Question 20. How many languages are notified in Indian Constitution?
Answer: There are 22 languages officially recognized and listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution recognizes 22 official languages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of scheduled languages is a common factual question about India's linguistic diversity.

Question 21. How many languages and dialects are there in India as per 1961 Indian census?
Answer: According to the 1961 Indian census, there were 1018 languages and dialects spoken in India.
In simple words: In 1961, India had 1018 different languages and local dialects.

🎯 Exam Tip: This fact highlights the immense linguistic diversity of India, even though fewer languages are officially recognized today.

Question 22. What are the factors affecting literacy?
Answer: Many things affect how many people can read and write. These include how well the economy is doing, how many people live in cities, the overall living standards, the mix of different social groups, the status of women, the cost of education, how many schools are available, how good transport and communication are, the level of technology used, and government policies.
In simple words: Literacy is affected by the economy, city living, how people live, women's status, school access, transport, technology, and government rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing factors affecting literacy, ensure you cover social, economic, infrastructural, and governmental aspects.

Question 23. Hindi is the mother tongue of how much percentage of people in total population of India in 2011?
Answer: As per the 2011 census, Hindi is the mother tongue for 40.22% of the total population of India.
In simple words: In 2011, about 40.22% of people in India spoke Hindi as their first language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember this percentage as it indicates the widespread use of Hindi as a primary language across India.

Question 25. What was the ratio of Hindu-Muslim population in India after the partition of India-Pakistan?
Answer: After the partition of India and Pakistan, the Hindu population was 84.1% and the Muslim population was 9.8% of India's total population.
In simple words: After the partition, about 84.1% of India's population was Hindu, and 9.8% was Muslim.

🎯 Exam Tip: Factual questions about historical demographic changes often require precise figures, so it's good to recall these percentages.

Question 26. In which state of India is the highest Muslim population found?
Answer: The highest Muslim population in India is found in Uttar Pradesh.
In simple words: Uttar Pradesh has the largest Muslim population in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: While Lakshadweep has the highest *percentage* of Muslims, Uttar Pradesh has the largest *number* due to its overall high population.

Question 27. Into how many groups have Indian languages been divided on the basis of their dialect and origin?
Answer: Indian languages have been divided into four main groups based on their dialect and origin: Indo-European, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan, and Austro-Asiatic.
In simple words: Indian languages are sorted into four main families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan, and Austro-Asiatic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing these four major linguistic families is essential for understanding India's linguistic diversity.

Question 28. Which race predominantly inhabits the north-eastern states of India (except Assam)?
Answer: The Mongoloid race predominantly inhabits the north-eastern states of India, excluding Assam.
In simple words: Most people in India's northeastern states (except Assam) belong to the Mongoloid race.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific racial groups with the geographical regions where they are primarily found in India.

Question 29. Which races are found in India?
Answer: The races found in India include Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Broad-Headed Western Races, and Nordic Races.
In simple words: India has several racial groups like Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Broad-Headed Western, and Nordic races.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to recall the major racial classifications used to describe India's diverse population.

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1. Name the leading states in terms of number of villages in India and concentration of rural population.
Answer: In 2011, the states with the highest number of villages and concentrated rural populations were Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, and Rajasthan. Also, states like Himachal Pradesh (89.96%), Bihar (88.70%), Assam (85.92%), Odisha (83.32%), Meghalaya (79.92%), Uttar Pradesh (77.72%), and Arunachal Pradesh (77.33%) had a very high percentage of rural population within their total population.
In simple words: In 2011, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, and Rajasthan had many villages and a large rural population. Other states like Himachal Pradesh and Bihar also had a very high share of rural people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between states with the highest *number* of rural population and those with the highest *percentage* of rural population within their own state borders.

Question 2. Analyze the decadal growth of urban population in India with the help of a graph.
Answer: In 1911, only 10% of India's population lived in urban areas. This percentage steadily increased over the decades: 11.2% in 1921, 12% in 1931, 13.8% in 1941, 17.3% in 1951, 18% in 1961, 19.9% in 1971, 23.4% in 1981, 25.7% in 1991, 27.8% in 2001, and finally reaching 31.2% in 2011. This continuous growth shows that more and more people are moving to cities over time.

Question 25. What was the ratio of Hindu-Muslim population in India after the partition of India-Pakistan?
Answer: After India and Pakistan were separated, the Hindu population was 84.1%, and the Muslim population was 9.8% of the total population in India.
In simple words: After the partition, most people in India were Hindu (84.1%), and a smaller part was Muslim (9.8%).

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing population percentages for historical events like partition, ensure you specify the time period or context if available.

 

Question 26. In which state of India is the highest Muslim population found?
Answer: The highest Muslim population in India is found in Uttar Pradesh.
In simple words: Uttar Pradesh has the largest number of Muslim residents in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key demographic facts like the state with the largest population for different religious groups.

 

Question 27. Into how many groups have Indian languages been divided on the basis of their dialect and origin?
Answer: Indian languages have been divided into four main groups based on their dialect and origin. These groups are Indo-European, Dravidian, Sino Tibetan, and AustroAsiatic.
In simple words: Indian languages are sorted into four main families based on how they sound and where they come from: Indo-European, Dravidian, Sino Tibetan, and AustroAsiatic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the major language families helps in understanding India's linguistic diversity. List all four groups for full marks.

 

Question 28. Which race predominantly inhabits the north-eastern states of India (except Assam)?
Answer: The Mongoloid race predominantly lives in the north-eastern states of India, excluding Assam.
In simple words: In the north-eastern parts of India (except Assam), most people belong to the Mongoloid race.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific racial groups with their corresponding geographical regions in India for accurate answers.

 

Question 29. Which races are found in India?
Answer: The main races found in India include Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Nordic, and Broad-Headed Western Race.
In simple words: India has many different racial groups like Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Nordic, and Broad-Headed Western.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all the distinct racial groups mentioned to provide a comprehensive answer about India's diverse population.

 

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

 

Question 1. Name the leading states in terms of number of villages in India and concentration of rural population.
Answer: As per the 2011 census, the leading states in India with a high number of villages include Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, and Rajasthan. The states with the highest rural population percentage (rural population in total state population) are Himachal Pradesh (89.96%), Bihar (88.70%), Assam (85.92%), Odisha (83.32%), Meghalaya (79.92%), Uttar Pradesh (77.72%), and Arunachal Pradesh (77.33%).
In simple words: In 2011, states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar had many villages and a large percentage of their people living in rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention both aspects of the question: leading states by number of villages and by rural population concentration.

 

Question 2. Analyze the decadal growth of urban population in India with the help of a graph.
Answer: In 1911, only 10% of India's total population lived in urban areas. This percentage steadily increased over the decades: 11.2% in 1921, 12% in 1931, 13.8% in 1941, 17.3% in 1951, 18% in 1961, 19.9% in 1971, 23.4% in 1981, 25.7% in 1991, 27.8% in 2001, and finally 31.2% in 2011. This shows a continuous rise in the urban population over the years.
In simple words: From 1911 to 2011, India's urban population grew steadily from 10% to 31.2% of the total population, showing more people chose to live in cities over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing growth trends, provide specific data points or a range of dates to illustrate the change effectively. A simple line graph would visually represent this upward trend.

 

Question 3. Analyze the changing nature of sex ratio in India.
Answer: India's sex ratio has changed over time. In 1901, there were 972 women for every thousand men. This number generally decreased until 1991, reaching 927. For example, it was 964 in 1911, 955 in 1921, 950 in 1931, and 945 in 1941. In 1951, it slightly rose to 946, then dropped again to 941 in 1961 and 930 in 1971 before increasing to 934 in 1981. After 1991, the sex ratio started to improve, reaching 933 in 2001 and 940 in 2011. Many reasons have caused these shifts in the sex ratio.
In simple words: The number of women per 1000 men in India has changed a lot. It mostly decreased until 1991, but then it started to go up again by 2011.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing trends, mention the starting and ending points, key turning points, and the overall direction of change (increase, decrease, or fluctuation).

 

RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 14 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 6. Present the racial classification of population of India according to B.S. Guha.
Answer: In 1944, B.S. Guha, who was the Director of the Archaeological Survey Department of India, divided Indian races into six main categories:
2. **Proto-Australoid:** These people are mainly found in the mountainous forest areas of Central and Southern India. Tribes like Malayali, Munda, Santhal, Kol, and Bhil are thought to be their descendants. They are short, dark brown, with curly hair and twisted lips. Guha believed this to be the native race of India.
3. **Mongoloid:** This race is believed to have come from China and Mongolia. They settled in northern and north-eastern India, including regions like Ladakh, Lahaul-Spiti, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. They have flat mouths, bulging cheekbones, and almond-shaped eyes. They are divided into Eastern Mongoloid and Tibetan Mongoloid.
4. **Mediterranean:** Western scholars think this race came to India from the Eastern Mediterranean and south-western Asian regions. Currently, they are found in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and the Chota Nagpur Plateau. This race has greatly influenced Indian culture.
5. **Broad-Headed Western Race:** This group has three subgroups. The Elpinoid group is mostly found in Gujarat. The Denarik group is found in West Bengal, Kathiawar, Kannada, and Tamil regions. The Arminoid group is found in Maharashtra, represented by the Parsee people.
6. **Nordic:** This race was the last to arrive in India, settling in the north-western parts of the country around the second century AD.
In simple words: B.S. Guha divided Indian people into six main racial groups: Proto-Australoid (native to Central and South India), Mongoloid (from North-East, from China), Mediterranean (from West Asia, in South India), Broad-Headed Western Race (various parts like Gujarat, Bengal), and Nordic (from North-West).

🎯 Exam Tip: When classifying populations, remember to list the specific groups and their main geographical distribution in India, as per the asked classification system.

 

Important Data Related to Population in India, Year 2011:

**Table 1: Rural and Urban Population (1921 to 2011):**

Year	Rural Population (in crore)	Urban Population (in crore)	Percentage of Urban Population in Total Population
1921	22.32	2.81	11.20
1931	24.55	3.35	12.00
1941	27.45	4.42	13.80
1951	29.86	6.24	17.30
1961	36.03	7.89	18.00
1971	43.90	10.91	19.90
1981	53.89	15.95	23.40
1991	62.72	21.72	25.70
2001	74.17	28.54	27.80
2011	83.31	37.71	31.20

🎯 Exam Tip: Tables are an excellent way to organize and present statistical data clearly. Ensure all columns have clear headings and data is accurately represented.

 

**Table 1: Major States of India with Highest Rural Population (in descending order) Year 2011:**
6. Uttar Pradesh 77.72%
7. Arunachal Pradesh 77.33%

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing states with specific population characteristics, ensure you include the corresponding percentage or numerical data for each state.

 

**Table 2: Major States of India with Highest Urban Population (in descending order) Year 2011:**
4. Maharashtra 6.15
5. Andhra Pradesh 5.6
6. Madhya Pradesh 5.25
7. Rajasthan 5.15
8. Karnataka 3.76
9. Tamil Nadu 3.72
10. Odisha 3.50
11. Gujarat 3.47
12. Assam 2.68
13. Jharkhand 2.50
14. Chattisgarh 1.96
15. Kerala 1.74
16. Punjab 1.73
17. Haryana 1.65

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting data, ensure the list is ordered correctly (e.g., descending) as specified in the heading.

 

**Table 2: Major States of India with Highest Urban Population (in descending order) Year 2011:**

State	Total Urban Population (in crore)
1. Maharashtra	5.08
2. Uttar Pradesh	4.45
3. Tamil Nadu	3.49
4. West Bengal	2.91
5. Andhra Pradesh	2.84
6. Gujarat	2.57
7. Karnataka	2.36
8. Madhya Pradesh	2.01
9. Rajasthan	1.71
10. Kerala	1.59
11. Bihar	1.17
12. Punjab	1.04
13. Haryana	0.88
14. Jharkhand	0.79
15. Odisha	0.70
16. Chhattisgarh	0.59
17. Assam	0.44
18. Jammu-Kashmir	0.34
Delhi (Union Territory)	1.63

🎯 Exam Tip: Always present tabular data in a clear HTML table format with distinct headers for easy readability and understanding.

 

**Table 4: Age - Structure of Indian Population (Percentage of population):**

Census Year	Age-Group
	0-14	15-59	More than 60
1901	38.1	56.8	5.1
1911	37.8	56.9	5.2
1921	38.6	56.0	5.4
1931	38.5	56.4	5.1
1941	39.1	55.2	5.7
1951	37.5	56.9	5.6
1961	41.0	53.3	5.6
1971	42.0	52.0	6.0
1981	39.7	54.1	6.2
1991	36.5	57.1	6.4
2001	35.6	58.1	6.3
2011	29.5	62.5	8.0

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing population structure, pay attention to the distribution across different age groups, as it reveals demographic trends and dependency ratios.

 

**Table 5: Literacy in India (in percentage):**

1931	9.50	15.59	2.93
1941	16.10	24.90	7.30
1951	18.33	24.16	8.96
1961	28.30	40.40	15.35
1971	34.45	45.96	21.97
1981	43.57	56.38	29.76
1991	52.21	64.13	39.29
2001	64.83	75.26	5.37
2011	74.04	82.14	65.46

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing literacy rates over time, track the changes in percentage and note any significant periods of growth or stagnation.

 

**Table 6:**

5. Goa	81.80
6. Andaman-Nicobar	81.80
7. Chhattisgarh	81.4
8. Chandigarh	81.4
9. Puducherry	81.2
10. Delhi	80.9
11. Daman-Diu	79.5
12. Nagaland	76.7
13. Himachal Pradesh	76.6
14. Sikkim	76.43
15. Maharashtra	75.50
16. Tamil Nadu	73.90
17. Meghalaya	73.78
18. Manipur	73.13
19. Punjab	71.30
20. West Bengal	71.20
21. Gujarat	70.70
22. Uttarakhand	70.70
23. Karnataka	68.10
24. Assam	67.27
25. Haryana	66.80
26. Dadra-Nagar Haveli	65.90
27. Odisha	64.90
28. Madhya Pradesh	60.00
29. Andhra Pradesh	59.70
30. Arunachal Pradesh	59.57
31. Uttar Pradesh	59.30
32. Jammu-Kashmir	58.00
33. Jharkhand	56.20
34. Bihar	53.30
35. Rajasthan	52.70
India	65.46

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting extensive numerical data, organize it into a structured table with clear labels to enhance readability and comparison.