RBSE Solutions Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 7 Indigo

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 7 Indigo

RBSE Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 7 Textual Questions

Activity 1: Comprehension

A. State whether the following statements are True or False. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false:

Question 1. Raj Kumar Shukla was a landlord.
Answer: (F) False
In simple words: Raj Kumar Shukla was actually a poor peasant, not a landlord. He was the one who asked Gandhiji for help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key character descriptions. Raj Kumar Shukla is consistently portrayed as a peasant in the text.

Question 2. Gandhiji went to Champaran on his own to begin the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer: (F) False
In simple words: Gandhiji went to Champaran because Raj Kumar Shukla asked him to, not on his own initiative.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the sequence of events and who initiated them. Shukla's persistence was key to Gandhiji's visit.

Question 3. All the peasants of Champaran agreed to sign a contract with the British landlords for compensation.
Answer: (F) False
In simple words: The peasants were forced to sign the contracts and pay compensation, they did not agree willingly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the nature of the contracts – they were imposed, not mutually agreed upon, highlighting the exploitation.

Question 4. Gandhiji did not want to meet Prof Malkani and Dr Rajendra Prasad.
Answer: (F) False
In simple words: Gandhiji wanted to meet them to gather more information and legal advice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note Gandhiji's methodical approach – he always sought detailed information and expert opinions.

Question 5. Gandhiji was a lawyer so he did not scold the lawyers for charging a heavy fee from poor peasants.
Answer: (F) False
In simple words: Gandhiji, despite being a lawyer himself, did scold other lawyers for charging high fees to poor farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gandhiji's actions often highlighted his concern for the poor, even when it meant criticizing professionals from his own background.

Question 6. Gandhiji helped the poor peasants in their upliftment, by making them aware of education, hygiene, fundamental rights and self-reliance.
Answer: (T) True
In simple words: Gandhiji worked for both the political and social betterment of the Champaran peasants, focusing on education and cleanliness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Gandhiji's work extended beyond political struggles to include social reforms for the common people.

B. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. Why did Raj Kumar Shukla approach Gandhiji?
राजकुमार शुक्ला गाँधीजी से जाकर क्यों मिला?
Answer: Raj Kumar Shukla came to Gandhiji asking him to visit Champaran. He wished for Gandhiji to address the unfair landlord system that was causing trouble there. Shukla was a simple peasant who believed Gandhiji could bring justice.
राजकुमार शुक्ला गाँधीजी को अपने साथ चम्पारण ले जाने के लिए उनसे मिला। वह चाहता था कि वह वहाँ प्रचलित जर्मीदारी प्रथा के अन्याय के विषय में कुछ करें।
In simple words: Shukla asked Gandhiji to come to Champaran. He wanted Gandhiji to fix the unfair landlord system there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state Shukla's motive: to seek Gandhiji's help for the prevailing injustice in Champaran.

Question 2. What were the terms of the contract between British landlords and peasants?
अंग्रेज जमींदारों व किसानों के बीच समझौते की क्या शर्तें थीं?
Answer: Most of the farming land was split into large estates owned by British landlords, where Indian farmers worked. The farmers were forced to plant indigo on 15% (or 3/20) of their land. They had to give the whole indigo harvest to the landlords as rent. This system caused great hardship for the peasants.
वहाँ की ज्यादातर कृषि योग्य भूमि बड़ी-बड़ी जागीरों में बँटी थी जिसके मालिक अंग्रेज थे और जिस पर भारतीय काश्तकार काम करते थे। वे काश्तकारों को पूरी जमीन के 3/20 या 15 प्रतिशत पर नील बोने और उसकी। पूरी फसल को किराए के रूप में देने के लिए मजबूर करते थे।
In simple words: Farmers had to plant indigo on 15% of their land. They then had to give all the indigo they grew to the British landlords as rent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific percentage (3/20 or 15%) and the obligation to surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.

Question 3. Did Gandhiji proceed to Champaran with Raj Kumar Shukla immediately?
गाँधीजी राजकुमार शुक्ला के साथ तुरन्त चम्पारण जाने को इसलिए सहमत नहीं हुए क्योंकि उनका कानपुर में किसी से मिलने का कार्यक्रम तय था। उन्होंने भारत के अन्य भागों में भी जाने का वादा किया हुआ था। वह इन पहले से तय कार्यक्रमों को नहीं छोड़ सकते थे।
Answer: Gandhiji did not agree to go to Champaran with Raj Kumar Shukla right away. He had appointments in Kanpur and other parts of India that he had already promised to attend. Gandhiji always honored his commitments before taking on new ones. He could not leave these pre-planned events.
गाँधीजी राजकुमार शुक्ला के साथ तुरन्त चम्पारण जाने को इसलिए सहमत नहीं हुए क्योंकि उनका कानपुर में किसी से मिलने का कार्यक्रम तय था। उन्होंने भारत के अन्य भागों में भी जाने का वादा किया हुआ था। वह इन पहले से तय कार्यक्रमों को नहीं छोड़ सकते थे।
In simple words: No, Gandhiji did not go immediately. He had other important meetings and plans he had to finish first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Gandhiji's commitment to prior engagements, which delayed his immediate departure to Champaran.

Question 4. What happened when Gandhiji and Raj Kumar Shukla wanted to meet Rajendra Prasad?
जब गाँधीजी और राजकुमार शुक्ला ने राजेन्द्र प्रसाद से मिलना चाहा तो क्या हुआ?
Answer: When Gandhiji and Raj Kumar Shukla went to meet Rajendra Prasad, they arrived at his house. However, Rajendra Prasad was not in town at that time. His servants allowed Gandhiji and Shukla to wait on the property outside the house.
जब गाँधीजी और राजकुमार शुक्ला ने राजेन्द्र प्रसाद से मिलना चाहा तो वे उनके घर पहुँच गए। परन्तु राजेन्द्र प्रसाद शहर से बाहर गए हुए थे। नौकरों ने उन दोनों को वहाँ खुले मैदान में ठहरने दिया।
In simple words: They went to Rajendra Prasad's house, but he was away. His servants allowed them to stay on the house grounds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the simple, unceremonious welcome Gandhiji and Shukla received due to Prasad's absence and the servants' misunderstanding.

Question 5. Why did Gandhiji plan to go to Muzzafarpur?
गाँधी जी ने मुजफ्फरपुर जाने की योजना क्यों बनाई?
Answer: Gandhiji went to Champaran because of Rajkumar Shukla, a peasant who told him about the farmers' bad situation. Gandhiji decided to first visit Muzzafarpur to gather more details and a full understanding of the problems before taking action. He always preferred to have complete facts.
गाँधीजी एक किसान राजकुमार शुक्ला के आग्रह पर चम्पारण गये। राजकुमार शुक्ला ने उनसे वहाँ के किसानों की दयनीय दशा के बारे में शिकायत की थी। उन्होंने स्थितियों की और अधिक पूर्ण जानकारी लेने के लिए पहले मुजफ्फरपुर जाने का निश्चय किया।
In simple words: Gandhiji went to Muzzafarpur first to get all the facts about the farmers' problems. Rajkumar Shukla had told him about their suffering.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Gandhiji's thoroughness; he sought comprehensive information before intervening directly.

Question 6. What was the effect of synthetic indigo on the natural indigo crop?
कृत्रिम नील को प्राकृतिक नील की खेती पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा?
Answer: The landlords in Champaran found out that artificial indigo was now being made. This meant that natural indigo was no longer profitable. So, the British landlords decided to end their agreements where they received natural indigo as rent. This changed the entire business model for them.
वहाँ की ज्यादातर कृषि योग्य भूमि बड़ी-बड़ी जागीरों में बँटी थी जिसके मालिक अंग्रेज थे और जिस पर भारतीय काश्तकार काम करते थे। वे काश्तकारों को पूरी जमीन के 3/20 या 15 प्रतिशत पर नील बोने और उसकी। पूरी फसल को किराए के रूप में देने के लिए मजबूर करते थे।
In simple words: When artificial indigo was made, natural indigo was not needed much. The landlords then wanted to end their deals for natural indigo and get money instead.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that synthetic indigo made natural indigo cultivation economically unviable, leading landlords to demand compensation instead of indigo as rent.

Question 7. How did British landlords compel poor peasants? (S. S. Exam 2018)
अंग्रेज जमींदार गरीब किसानों को किस प्रकार मजबूर करते थे?
Answer: British landlords forced poor peasants to use 15% of their land to grow indigo plants. The peasants then had to give their whole indigo harvest to the landlords as rent. This was part of a long-term agreement that was very unfair to them.
अंग्रेज जर्मीदार गरीब किसानों को उनकी पूरी जमीन के 15 प्रतिशत भाग पर नील की खेती करने और नील की पूरी फसल को भाड़े के रूप में देने को मजबूर करते थे। यह एक लम्बे समय तक चलने वाले समझौते के आधार पर किया जाता था।
In simple words: Landlords made farmers grow indigo on 15% of their land. Then, farmers had to give all the indigo harvest to the landlords as rent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the forced indigo cultivation on 15% of land and the requirement to surrender the entire harvest as rent, all under a long-term contract.

Question 8. Why did Gandhiji scold the lawyers?
गाँधीजी ने वकीलों को क्यों लताड़ा?
Answer: Lawyers from Muzzafarpur met Gandhiji to discuss the peasants' court cases and their fees. Gandhiji strongly criticized them for asking for large sums of money from the poor sharecroppers. He believed legal help should be accessible and fair for everyone.
मुजफ्फरपुर के वकील जो निरन्तर किसानों के समूहों का न्यायालय में प्रतिनिधित्व करते थे, गाँधीजी से मिलने आये। उन्होंने उनके (किसानों के) मुकदमों के बारे में और अपनी फीस के आकार की सूचना उन्हें (गाँधीजी को) दी। गाँधीजी ने ने उन्हें गरीब किसानों से बड़ी फीस लेने पर लताड़ा।
In simple words: Gandhiji scolded the lawyers because they were charging too much money from the poor farmers for legal help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that Gandhiji believed the high fees were exploiting the already suffering peasants, making justice inaccessible.

Question 9. How did the Champaran episode prove to be a turning point in the political career of Gandhiji?
चम्पारण की घटना गाँधीजी के राजनीतिक जीवन में किस प्रकार एक महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना सिद्ध हुई?
Answer: The Champaran event showed that the British government could not tell Gandhiji what to do in his own country. It marked the start of the Civil Disobedience movement in India, which gave Indians a new way to fight for freedom.
चम्पारण की घटना एक प्रकार की घोषणा सिद्ध हुई कि अंग्रेज गाँधी जी को उनके अपने देश के विषय में आदेश नहींदे सकते हैं। यह स
In simple words: Champaran showed that the British could not command Gandhiji in India. It was the start of the Civil Disobedience movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that Champaran established the principle of civil disobedience and demonstrated that Indians could defy British authority on their own soil.

C. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 125 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. How did Gandhiji help the peasants in Champaran? (Sample Paper 2018)
गाँधीजी ने चम्पारण में किसानों की सहायता किस प्रकार की?
Answer: Gandhiji helped the Champaran peasants who were suffering under British landlords. He became their leader, inspiring lawyers and many ordinary people to join the fight for freedom. Through his brave actions and civil disobedience, he helped the peasants win against the unfair system. He also worked for their social and cultural improvement. With the help of volunteers, Gandhiji started primary schools in six villages. His wife, Kasturba, taught the villagers about keeping themselves and their surroundings clean. In these ways, Gandhiji supported the peasants both politically and socially, showing them the path to self-reliance.
चम्पारण में अंग्रेज जमींदार किसानों का शोषण कर रहे थे। गाँधीजी उनके नेता के रूप में खड़े हुए। अंग्रेज जमींदारों के चुंगल से किसानों को मुक्त कराने के संघर्ष में कुछ वकीलों और बहुत से आम लोगों ने उनका अनुसरण किया। अपने बहादुरीपूर्ण प्रयासों और सविनय अवज्ञा के माध्यम से उन्होंने चम्पारण के गरीब किसानों को अन्याय व शोषण के विरुद्ध उनके युद्ध में विजय दिलाई। गाँधीजी ने उनके सांस्कृतिक व सामाजिक उद्धार के लिए भी कार्य किया। उन्होंने स्वयंसेवकों की सहायता से छः गाँवों में प्राथमिक विद्यालय खोले। उनकी पत्नी कस्तूरबा ने ग्रामीणों को व्यक्तिगत व सामुदायिक स्वच्छता के नियम सिखाए। इस प्रकार गाँधीजी ने उन लोगों की राजनीतिक और सामाजिक दोनों प्रकार से सहायता की।
In simple words: Gandhiji led the farmers against unfair British landlords. He helped them win justice through non-violent protests. He also started schools and taught about cleanliness to improve their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail both Gandhiji's political struggle (civil disobedience, fighting exploitation) and his social reforms (education, health, sanitation) in Champaran.

Question 2. Explain in your own words, how Raj Kumar Shukla convinced Gandhiji to proceed to Champaran.
अपने शब्दों में वर्णन कीजिए कि राजकुमार शुक्ला ने गाँधीजी को चम्पारण चलने के लिए कैसे राजी किया।
Answer: Raj Kumar Shukla, a poor peasant from Champaran, was very troubled by the unfair landlord system. He met Gandhiji at a big meeting in Lucknow in 1916 because he heard Gandhiji could help. Shukla asked Gandhiji to come to Champaran with him, but Gandhiji had other plans and could not go right away. Shukla did not give up; he followed Gandhiji wherever he went, even to his ashram. He kept asking Gandhiji to set a date for his visit. Gandhiji was very impressed by Shukla's strong will. He finally told Shukla to meet him in Calcutta on a specific day. Shukla travelled to Calcutta, waited for Gandhiji, and from there, they both went to Champaran.
राजकुमार शुक्ला चम्पारण का एक गरीब किसान था। बिहार में चल रही जमींदारी प्रथा के अन्याय से अत्यधिक परेशान होकर वह भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के वर्ष 1916 में लखनऊ में चल रहे वार्षिक अधिवेशन में गाँधीजी से मिलने पहुँचा। किसी ने उसे बताया था कि गाँधीजी इस मामले में उसकी सहायता कर सकते थे। इसलिए वह गाँधीजी को अपने साथ चम्पारण ले जाने के लिए उनके पास पहुँचा, लेकिन उस समय गाँधीजी के कई कार्यक्रम तय थे इसलिए उन्होंने राजकुमार शुक्ला के साथ तुरन्त चम्पारण जाने से मना कर दिया। शुक्ला ने धीरज नहीं खोया। वह हर जगह उनके साथ गया । वह उनके पीछे-पीछे उनके आश्रम में भी पहुँच गया। उसने गाँधीजी से चम्पारण चलने की तारीख तय करने का आग्रह किया। उससे प्रभावित होकर गाँधीजी ने उससे कहा कि अमुक तिथि को मुझसे कलकत्ता में मिलना। शुक्ला वहाँ पहुँच गया और वहाँ से वे दोनों चम्पारण के लिए निकल गए।
In simple words: Raj Kumar Shukla, a poor farmer, followed Gandhiji everywhere and kept asking him to visit Champaran to fix the unfair landlord system. Gandhiji was impressed by his resolve and finally agreed to meet him in Calcutta to go to Champaran.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Shukla's unwavering determination, his persistent requests, and how Gandhiji's admiration for his resolve ultimately led to his agreement.

Question 3. Why did Gandhiji decide to consult Prof Malkani and Dr Rajendra Prasad?
गाँधीजी ने प्रोफेसर मलकानी व डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद से सलाह-मशविरा करने का निश्चय क्यों किया?
Answer: On his way to Champaran with Raj Kumar Shukla, Gandhiji chose to visit Muzzafarpur first. His goal was to gather all the necessary facts and details about the situation. He stayed at Professor Malkani's home for two days to discuss Champaran's conditions. Gandhiji also wanted to talk to Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who was a lawyer. Being a legal expert, Dr. Prasad could offer valuable advice on the legal sides of the sharecroppers' problems. With all this information, Gandhiji could then make a well-planned strategy to help the poor peasants. He always sought expert opinions for complex issues.
राजकुमार शुक्ला के साथ चम्पारण जाते समय गाँधीजी ने पहले मुजफ्फरपुर जाने का निश्चय किया जो कि चम्पारण के रास्ते में था। वह स्थितियों की पूर्ण जानकारी प्राप्त करना चाहते थे। वहाँ वह चम्पारण की स्थिति पर चर्चा करने के लिए दो दिन प्रोफेसर मलकानी के घर ठहरे। उन्होंने डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद से भी सलाह-मशविरा करने का निश्चय किया जो कि एक वकील थे। वकील होने के कारण डॉ. राजेन्द्र प्रसाद उन्हें मामले के कानूनी पक्ष के सम्बन्ध में समुचित सलाह दे सकते थे। बँटाईदारों की समस्या से सम्बन्धित पूर्ण जानकारी होने पर वह घटनाओं की समुचित जानकारी के साथ अपनी कार्ययोजना उसी के अनुसार बना सकते थे। वह तय कर सकते थे कि चम्पारण के गरीब किसानों की सहायता के लिए क्या किया जाए।
In simple words: Gandhiji wanted to gather full information about the Champaran farmers' problems. He met Professor Malkani for facts and Dr. Rajendra Prasad for legal advice to plan his actions well.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize Gandhiji's meticulous approach of gathering complete information (from Malkani) and expert legal advice (from Rajendra Prasad) before devising a strategy.

Question 4. What were the old terms and conditions of the contract between British landlords and peasants?
अं पुरानी शर्तें क्या थीं?
Answer: In Champaran, most of the farming land was divided into large estates owned by British landlords, worked by Indian peasants. The old contract terms forced these peasants to plant indigo on 15% (or 3/20) of their land. They then had to give their entire indigo harvest to the landlords as rent. This arrangement was a long-term legal agreement that greatly troubled the peasants. It was a deeply unfair system that exploited the poor farmers.
बिहार के चम्पारण जिले में अधिकांश कृषि योग्य भूमि बड़ी-बड़ी जागीरों में बँटी थी। इन जागीरों के मालिक अंग्रेज जमींदार थे। चम्पारण के किसान बँटाईदार थे। वे इन जमीनों पर भाड़े के मजदूर के रूप में काम करते थे। मुख्य व्यावसायिक फसल नील थी। जमींदार सभी बँटाईदारों को कुल जमीन के 3/20 अथवा 15 प्रतिशत भाग पर नील की खेती करने को बाध्य करते थे। अंग्रेज जमींदार बँटाईदारों को नील की पूरी फसल को जमीन के भाड़े के रूप में देने हेतु बाध्य करते थे। इसके लिए एक दीर्घकालिक कानूनी समझौता था। बँटाई की खेती की यह व्यवस्था किसानों के लिए झुंझलाहट उत्पन्न करती थी। चम्पारण के किसान इस व्यवस्था के अन्यायसे पीड़ित थे। यह उनका शोषण था।
In simple words: The old contract forced farmers to grow indigo on 15% of their land. They had to give all the indigo harvest to British landlords as rent, which was a long-term and very unfair deal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the 15% indigo cultivation and the mandatory surrender of the entire harvest as rent, highlighting the exploitative nature of the long-term contract.

Question 5. What was the impact of the Champaran episode on the peasants and the British government?
Answer: The Champaran episode showed the British that they could not dictate terms to Indians in their own land. For the peasants, it was a turning point; they realized the strength of working together. With Gandhiji's leadership, they joined the Civil Disobedience Movement. They learned that they had rights and could stand up for themselves against the landlords, who once seemed above the law. The British government understood that Indians would no longer tolerate unfair treatment. Within a few years, British planters left their estates, which were given back to the peasants, and indigo sharecropping ended. This event brought a significant positive change, inspiring courage and a sense of justice among Indians.
चम्पारण प्रकरण के माध्यम से गाँधी जी ने अंग्रेजों को दिखा दिया कि अंग्रेज भारतीयों को उनके अपने देश के मामलों में आदेश नहीं दे सकते हैं। किसानों को एकता की शक्ति का पता चला। उन्होंने गाँधी जी के साथ सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन में भाग लिया। अब तक जमींदारों ने ऐसा व्यवहार किया था मानो वे कानून से ऊपर भगवान हों परन्तु अब किसानों ने देखा कि उनके भी अधिकार हैं और अधिकारों के रक्षक भी। उन्होंने साहस करना सीखा। अंग्रेज सरकार को महसूस हो गया कि भारतीय अब शोषण व अन्याय के समक्ष नहीं झुकेंगे। चम्पारण प्रकरण के बाद कुछ ही वर्षों के भीतर अंग्रेज जमींदारों ने अपनी जागीरें छोड़ दीं। ये जागीरें किसानों को लौटा दी गईं। नील की बँटाईदारी समाप्त हो गई। इस प्रकार चम्पारण प्रकरण भारत में एक सकारात्मक परिवर्तन लाया।
In simple words: Champaran taught peasants their rights and the power of unity, leading to civil disobedience. The British realized Indians would not tolerate injustice. Soon, indigo sharecropping ended, and British estates were returned to farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Discuss the two-fold impact: empowerment and courage among peasants, and the realization by the British government that their authority could be challenged, marking the beginning of the end of exploitative practices.

RBSE Rainbow Chapter 7 Additional Questions

Question 1. आपके विचार से राजेन्द्र प्रसाद के घर के नौकरों ने गाँधीजी को एक अन्य किसान क्यों समझा?
Answer: Rajkumar Shukla was a peasant who frequently visited Rajendra Prasad to discuss farmers' issues. When Gandhiji arrived with Shukla, the servants assumed Gandhiji was also a peasant. They likely associated anyone accompanying Shukla, especially someone dressed simply, with the peasant community.
राजकुमार शुक्ला एक किसान थे। किसानों की समस्याओं को लेकर वे राजेन्द्र प्रसाद के यहाँ जाया करते थे। गाँधीजी राजकुमार शुक्ला के साथ गये थे। इसलिए नौकरों ने सोचा कि वह भी एक किसान थे।
In simple words: Rajkumar Shukla, a peasant, often visited Rajendra Prasad. When Gandhiji came with him, dressed simply, the servants thought Gandhiji was also a peasant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the servants made an assumption based on Gandhiji's simple attire and his association with a known peasant, reflecting social prejudices.

Question 2. What did the peasants pay the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want instead and why?
किसान अंग्रेज जागीरदारों को किराये के रूप में क्या देते थे? अब इसकी जगह अंग्रेज क्या चाहते थे और क्यों?
Answer: The peasants were compelled to cultivate indigo on 15% of their land. They then had to give their entire indigo harvest to the British landlords as rent. However, after Germany developed artificial indigo, the British no longer needed the natural crop. Therefore, the landlords now demanded money as compensation to release the peasants from the indigo cultivation agreement. They wanted to maintain their profits.
किसान अपनी जमीन के 15% भाग पर नील उगाने के लिए मजबूर थे। वे किराये के रूप में अंग्रेज जागीरदारों को पूरा नील देते थे। अब अंग्रेज उन्हें उनके समझौते से मुक्त करने के बदले क्षतिपूर्ति चाहते थे।
In simple words: Farmers had to give all their indigo harvest as rent from 15% of their land. Later, the British wanted money instead, because artificial indigo made natural indigo useless to them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the original rent (indigo harvest) and the new demand (monetary compensation), linking the change to the development of synthetic indigo.

Question 3. Why did Gandhiji agree to a settlement of 25 per cent refund to the peasants?
गाँधीजी किसानों को 25 प्रतिशत वापसी के समझौते से क्यों सहमत हो गए?
Answer: The British landlords offered to return 25% of the money to the peasants. Gandhiji accepted this 25% refund because for him, the exact amount was less important than the symbolic win it represented for the peasants. This small victory showed the farmers that they had rights and that British authority could be challenged. It was a huge psychological boost for them.
अंग्रेज जमींदारों ने किसानों को 25 प्रतिशत पैसा वापस करने का प्रस्ताव किया। गाँधीजी किसानों को 25 प्रतिशत वापसी के समझौते के लिए सहमत हो गए क्योंकि उनके लिए धन की मात्रा इतनी महत्त्वपूर्ण नहीं थी जितनी की किसानों की प्रतीकात्मक विजय।
In simple words: Gandhiji agreed to the 25% refund because the symbolic victory for the farmers was more important than the actual money. It showed they could challenge the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that Gandhiji prioritized the principle of victory and peasant empowerment over the specific monetary amount, as it established their rights.

Question 4. How did the Champaran episode make the Indians realise their collective strength and urge the departure of the British?
चम्पारण के किसानों को अंग्रेज जमींदार नील की खेती के समझौते से मुक्त होने के लिए हर्जाना देने को मजबूर कर रहे थे। इस अन्याय ने गाँधीजी को प्रभावित किया और उन्होंने अंग्रेजों पर भारत छोड़ने का दबाब बनाने का निश्चय कर लिया।
Answer: The Champaran event deeply affected Gandhiji, who then decided to press for the British to leave India. The indigo cultivation agreement forced farmers to pay compensation to be free. This injustice galvanized the peasants, making them realize their collective strength when they united under Gandhiji. This mass mobilization and defiance instilled courage in them, showing them that the British were not invincible and could be challenged. The success in Champaran inspired a broader movement for self-rule.
चम्पारण के किसानों को अंग्रेज जमींदार नील की खेती के समझौते से मुक्त होने के लिए हर्जाना देने को मजबूर कर रहे थे। इस अन्याय ने गाँधीजी को प्रभावित किया और उन्होंने अंग्रेजों पर भारत छोड़ने का दबाब बनाने का निश्चय कर लिया।
In simple words: Champaran made Gandhiji decide to push the British to leave India. It showed Indians that by uniting and resisting, they had strength and could challenge British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how the Champaran success demonstrated the power of collective non-violent action, inspiring confidence and a stronger push for independence.

Question 5. Why was Gandhiji not allowed to draw water from the well at Rajendra Prasad's house in Patna?
पटना में राजेन्द्र प्रसाद के घर पर गाँधीजी को कुएँ से पानी खींचने की अनुमति क्यों नहीं दी गई?
Answer: Gandhiji was not permitted to draw water from the well at Rajendra Prasad's home in Patna. The servants feared that a few drops of water from Gandhiji's bucket might fall into the well and contaminate the entire water supply. They suspected that Gandhiji, due to his simple appearance and association with a peasant, might belong to a lower caste and be considered "untouchable." This highlights the deeply ingrained social prejudices of the time.
पटना में राजेन्द्र प्रसाद के घर पर गाँधीजी को कुएँ से पानी खींचने की अनुमति इसलिए नहीं दी गई कि कहीं ऐसा न हो कि उनकी बाल्टी से कुछ बूंदें सारे पानी को प्रदूषित कर दें। उनके नौकरों ने सोचा कि शायद वह कोई अछूत हों
In simple words: Gandhiji was not allowed to draw water from the well because the servants feared his bucket might pollute the water. They thought he might be an untouchable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the reason as a fear of contamination due to the servants' suspicion of Gandhiji's caste, reflecting social discrimination prevalent at the time.

Question 6. How was Gandhiji welcomed at the Muzzafarpur railway station?
मुजफ्फरपुर रेलवे स्टेशन पर गाँधीजी का कैसा स्वागत हुआ?
Answer: Gandhiji had already informed Professor J.B. Kriplani of the Arts College in Muzzafarpur about his arrival. When Gandhiji's train reached the station, Professor Kriplani was there waiting for him, accompanied by a large group of students. This welcoming crowd showed the growing support for Gandhiji.
गाँधीजी ने मुजफ्फरपुर Arts College के प्रोफेसर जे. बी. कृपलानी को अपने मुजफ्फरपुर आगमन की सूचना पहले ही दे दी थी। जब गाँधीजी की ट्रेन पहुँची, कृपलानी बहुत सारे छात्रों के साथ उनकी प्रतीक्षा कर रहे थे।
In simple words: Gandhiji was welcomed at Muzzafarpur railway station by Professor Kriplani and many students. Gandhiji had informed them of his arrival beforehand.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the large, enthusiastic reception by Professor Kriplani and students, indicating initial support and anticipation for Gandhiji's arrival.

Question 7. What was the condition of the arable land of Champaran when Gandhiji visited there?
जब गाँधीजी चम्पारण आए, वहाँ की कृषियोग्य भूमि की क्या स्थिति थी?
Answer: When Gandhiji visited Champaran, most of the fertile land in the district was divided into large estates. These estates were owned by British landlords. Indian peasants were employed to work on these lands. The main crop grown for selling was indigo. This system of land ownership and forced cropping was the root cause of the farmers' distress.
चम्पारण जिले की ज्यादातर कृषि योग्य भूमि बड़ी-बड़ी जागीरों में बँटी थी। इन जागीरों के मालिक अंग्रेजथे। भारतीय किसान इन ज
In simple words: Most of the good farming land in Champaran was owned by British landlords. Indian farmers worked on this land, and the main crop they grew for sale was indigo.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the land ownership structure (British landlords, Indian tenants) and the primary commercial crop (indigo), which was central to the exploitation.

Question 9. What did the poor peasants of Champaran come to know and why did they want their money back?
चम्पारण के गरीब किसानों को क्या पता चला तथा वे अपना पैसा वापस क्यों चाहते थे?
Answer: The poor peasants in Champaran found out that artificial indigo was now being made. This meant that natural indigo, which they were forced to grow, was no longer valuable. The British landlords had already taken money from them as compensation to release them from the indigo contracts. Because the landlords no longer needed the indigo, the peasants felt it was unfair that they had paid compensation and now wanted their money returned.
चम्पारण के गरीब किसानों को कृत्रिम नील के बारे में जानकारी होगा cement The Pack? अंग्रेज जमींदार किसानों को समझौते से मुक्त करने के लिए क्षतिपूर्ति ले चुके थे। इस पर, उन्होंने अपना पैसा वापस लेना चाहा।
In simple words: The farmers learned about artificial indigo. Since the landlords had taken money from them to end the indigo growing contracts, and indigo was no longer needed, the farmers wanted their compensation money back.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the discovery of synthetic indigo to the landlords' changed demands for compensation, and the peasants' subsequent demand for a refund due to the changed circumstances.

Question 10. What did Gandhiji do after knowing the miserable condition of the farmers at Champaran?
चम्पारण के किसानों की खराब स्थिति का पता लगने के बाद गाँधीजी ने क्या किया?
Answer: After learning about the farmers' terrible situation, Gandhiji first met the secretary of the British landlords' association, but received no useful information. Next, he approached the British official commissioner of the Tirhut division, who tried to intimidate him. Undeterred, Gandhiji then traveled to Motihari with several lawyers and continued his detailed investigation there, systematically gathering facts.
पहले गाँधीजी ब्रिटिश लैण्डलॉर्ड एसोसिएशन के सेक्रेटरी के पास गये जिसने उन्हें कोई सूचना नहीं दी। तब वे तिरहुत डिवीजन के ब्रिटिश कमिश्नर के पास गये जिसने उन्हें धमकाया एवं डराया गया। तब वे कई वकीलों के साथ मोतीहारी गये और वहाँ अपनी जाँच जारी रखी।
In simple words: Gandhiji first tried to get information from the landlord's secretary, who refused. Then he faced the commissioner's threats. After this, he went to Motihari with lawyers to continue his investigation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail Gandhiji's investigative steps: initial attempts to gather information from officials, his defiance against intimidation, and his systematic collection of evidence with lawyers.

Question 12. Give an example of Gandhiji's civil disobedience.
गाँधीजी की सविनय अवज्ञा का एक उदाहरण दीजिए।
Answer: In Motihari, Gandhiji received an official order telling him to leave Champaran at once. He signed the notice but also wrote on it that he would not obey the order. He believed leaving would go against his duties to humanity and his nation. This act of openly defying a British government order was a clear example of his civil disobedience.
मोतिहारी में गाँधीजी को तुरन्त चम्पारण छोड़ने का एक आधिकारिक नोटिस मिला। उन्होंने नोटिस की एक प्रति पर हस्ताक्षर किए और लिखा कि वह उस आदेश की अवज्ञा करेंगे। EM सोचा कि यह उनके मानवीय एवं राष्ट्रीय कर्तव्यों के विरुद्ध था।
In simple words: Gandhiji was ordered to leave Champaran but he refused. He signed the order but wrote that he would not obey, showing his civil disobedience.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cite the specific incident where Gandhiji openly defied the official order to leave Champaran as a prime example of civil disobedience.

Question 13. What happened when Gandhiji did not comply with the official notice?
जब गाँधीजी ने आधिकारिक नोटिस का सम्मान नहीं किया तो क्या हुआ?
Answer: After Gandhiji declared his intention to disobey the official order, he received a court summons to appear the following day. In response, Gandhiji sent a telegram to Rajendra Prasad, asking him to come from Bihar with influential friends. He also sent a complete report about the situation to the Viceroy. This careful preparation showed his commitment.
जब गाँधीजी ने यह संदेश दे दिया कि वे आदेश की अवज्ञा करेंगे तो उन्हें अगले दिन न्यायालय में उपस्थित होने का आदेश दे दिया गया। गाँधीजी ने राजेन्द्र प्रसाद को टेलिग्राम भेजा कि वह प्रभावशाली मित्रों को लेकर बिहार से वहाँ आ जाएं। उन्होंने वायसराय को भी एक पूरी रिपोर्ट तार कर दी।
In simple words: When Gandhiji refused to obey the order, he was called to court. He then asked Rajendra Prasad and friends to come and sent a report to the Viceroy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the immediate consequence (court summons) and Gandhiji's strategic response (mobilizing support, informing authorities) to his non-compliance.

Question 14. Describe the incident that was the beginning of the peasants' liberation from fear of the British?
किसानों की मुक्ति की शुरुआत थी?
Answer: When Gandhiji received news that a peasant in a nearby village was mistreated, he went to investigate. The police stopped him and ordered him to leave Champaran at once. Gandhiji refused to obey, writing his defiance on the official notice. As a result, he was summoned to court. Thousands of peasants from surrounding villages, hearing that a 'Mahatma' who wanted to help them was in trouble, gathered at the Motihari courthouse to support him. Gandhiji was deeply moved by this massive public support and declared that this large gathering, born out of concern for him, was the true beginning of the peasants' freedom from fear of the British. This collective courage changed everything.
उस सुबह, जब गाँधीजी को न्यायालय में उपस्थित होना था, मोतिहारी कस्बा किसानों से भर गया। न्यायालयके चारों ओर हजारों की संख्या में उनका सहज प्रदर्शन अंग्रेजों के भय से उनकी मुक्ति की शुरुआत थी।
In simple words: Gandhiji was ordered to leave Champaran but refused and was called to court. Thousands of peasants gathered to support him. This large gathering, showing their fearlessness, marked the start of their liberation from British fear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the spontaneous mass gathering of peasants at the courthouse as a turning point, illustrating their newly found courage and defiance against the British.

Question 15. Why was the government baffled when Gandhiji presented himself in the court?
जब गाँधीजी न्यायालय में पेश हुए तो सरकार पूरी तरह से क्यों घबरा गई?
Answer: The government was confused and surprised when Gandhiji appeared in court because thousands of people gathered outside to support him. They protested against the British. The officials felt helpless and lost control without Gandhiji's help in managing the crowd. This unexpected mass support showed the British that their authority was weakening.
जब गाँधीजी ने न्यायालय में स्वयं को पेश किया तो सरकार पूरी तरह घबरा गई क्योंकि गाँधीजी के समर्थन में हजारों की संख्या में लोग न्यायालय के चारों ओर एकत्रित हो गए। उन्होंने अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ प्रदर्शन किया। गाँधीजी के सहयोग के बिना सरकारी अधिकारियों ने खुद को शक्तिविहीन महसूस किया।
In simple words: The government was shocked because thousands of people came to support Gandhiji in court. Officials felt powerless without his help to control the huge crowd.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the overwhelming public support for Gandhiji and the resultant helplessness of the British authorities, which exposed the fragility of their control.

Question 16. How did Gandhi show respect to law?
गाँधीजी ने कानून के प्रति सम्मान किस प्रकार दिखाया?
Answer: When a large crowd of peasants gathered to support Gandhiji, he helped the officials control and manage the crowd. By doing this in an organized and peaceful way, he showed that Indians could challenge British power within legal boundaries. He demonstrated that true strength lay in disciplined mass action, not chaos.
जब गाँधीजी के समर्थन में किसानों की भीड़ ने प्रदर्शन किया तो गाँधीजी ने भीड़ को संयमित करने में अधिकारियों की सहायता की। उन्होंने कानून का पालन करते हुए यह सिद्ध कर दिया कि भारतीय अंग्रेजों की शक्ति को चुनौती देने में समर्थ थे।
In simple words: When many farmers gathered, Gandhiji helped the officials manage the crowd peacefully. This showed that Indians could challenge the British in a lawful way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Gandhiji's act of assisting officials in managing the crowd, which demonstrated his respect for law and order even while protesting, thereby legitimizing the Indian challenge.

Question 17. 'It would be shameful desertion'. What would be shameful desertion according to the lesson 'Indigo'?
'यह एक शर्मनाक बात होगी।' 'Indigo' पाठ के अनुसार कौन-सी बात शर्मनाक होगी?
Answer: According to the lesson 'Indigo', "shameful desertion" referred to the lawyers' initial decision to go home if Gandhiji was sent to jail. Gandhiji questioned them about who would then help the poor peasants. The lawyers felt ashamed when they realized that Gandhiji, a stranger, was ready to face imprisonment for the peasants, while they, who belonged to the same land, were planning to abandon them. Their act of leaving the peasants without legal support would have been a shameful desertion of their duty.
को त्यागेंगे तो यह शर्मनाक होगा।
In simple words: The "shameful desertion" was the lawyers' plan to leave the peasants without help if Gandhiji was sent to jail. Gandhiji made them see this was wrong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define "shameful desertion" as the lawyers' reluctance to continue supporting the peasants if Gandhiji were imprisoned, contrasting it with Gandhiji's selfless commitment.

Question 18. How did the Civil Disobedience come out triumphant?
सविनय अवज्ञा की किस प्रकार जीत हुई?
Answer: Civil Disobedience triumphed when Gandhiji, along with several important lawyers, was prepared to go to jail for the peasants' cause. The Lieutenant Governor of the province was confused and shocked by this widespread readiness to sacrifice. He was forced to order that the case against Gandhiji be dropped. This decision showed the power of non-violent resistance and marked a victory for the Civil Disobedience movement.
गाँधीजी, और उनके पीछे-पीछे, कई प्रमुख वकील किसानों के उदेश्य के लिए जेल जाने को तैयार थे। इस स्थिति से घबराकर उस राज्य के लेफ्टिनेन्ट गवर्नर ने केस समाप्त करने का आदेश दे दिया। इस प्रकार सविनय अवज्ञा की जीत हो गई थी।
In simple words: Civil Disobedience won because Gandhiji and lawyers were ready to go to jail for the farmers. This confused the Governor, who then dropped the case against Gandhiji.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the triumph of civil disobedience lay in the Lieutenant Governor's decision to drop the case due to the sheer readiness of Gandhiji and lawyers to face imprisonment, demonstrating the strength of non-violent protest.

Question 19. What did Gandhiji and the lawyers of Bihar do to conduct a far-flung inquiry into the grievance of the farmers?
किसानों की शिकायतों की और बिहार के वकीलों ने क्या किया?
Answer: To conduct a thorough investigation into the farmers' complaints, Gandhiji and the lawyers from Bihar took formal statements from about ten thousand peasants. They also recorded notes based on other evidence they found. They carefully gathered all possible proof from the entire region. This detailed inquiry ensured a strong case for the peasants.
गाँधीजी और बिहार के वकीलों ने लगभग दस हजार किसानों के औपचारिक बयान लिखे और अन्य साक्ष्यों के आधार पर टिप्पणियाँ लिखीं। उन्होंने पूरे क्षेत्र से साक्ष्य एकत्रित किए।
In simple words: Gandhiji and the lawyers took statements from about ten thousand farmers. They also gathered other evidence from the area to fully investigate the farmers' complaints.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the comprehensive inquiry: collecting formal statements from thousands of peasants and gathering extensive evidence from the region.

Question 20. How was the commission of inquiry appointed? Whom did it consist of?
Answer: Gandhiji held four meetings with the Lieutenant Governor. Following these discussions, the Lieutenant Governor established an official inquiry commission to investigate the indigo sharecroppers' problems. This commission included landlords, government officials, and Gandhiji himself, who represented the peasants. This arrangement ensured all sides were represented in the investigation.
पूछताछ हेतु आयोग किस प्रकार नियुक्त किया गया? इसमें कौन-कौन से लोग थे?
In simple words: After Gandhiji met the Lieutenant Governor four times, a commission was formed. It included landlords, government officials, and Gandhiji as the farmers' only representative.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the commission was appointed after Gandhiji's meetings with the Lieutenant Governor and list its diverse members, including Gandhiji as the sole peasant representative.

Question 21. How did the big planters get ready to make refunds to the peasants?
बड़े जमींदार किसानों को उनका पैसा वापस करने को क्यों तैयार हो गए?
Answer: The official investigation gathered a large amount of strong evidence against the powerful planters. When faced with this overwhelming proof, the planters generally agreed to refund money to the peasants. However, this agreement was only in principle at first; their main concern was to find out the exact amount they would have to pay. They wanted to minimize their losses.
अधिकारिक जाँच में बड़े जमींदारों के विरुद्ध साक्ष्यों का पहाड़ इकट्ठा हो गया। जब उन्होंने यह देखा तो वे किसानों का पैसा वापस करने को तैयार हो गए, लेकिन केवल सैद्धान्तिक तौर पर। सर्वप्रथम वे उनके द्वारा चुकायी जाने वाली राशि के बारे में जानना चाहते थे।
In simple words: Large planters agreed to refund peasants' money because the inquiry found strong evidence against them. They wanted to know the exact amount they had to pay first.

🎯 Exam Tip: State that the planters agreed to refunds due to overwhelming evidence from the inquiry, but initially only in principle, seeking to negotiate the amount.

Question 22. How did Gandhiji break the deadlock about the refund of money to the peasants?
किसानों को उनका पैसा वापस किये जाने सम्बन्धी गतिरोध को गाँधीजी ने किस प्रकार समाप्त किया?
Answer: The planters' representative, likely thinking Gandhiji would not accept, offered to refund 25% of the money. To his surprise, Gandhiji immediately accepted this offer. By accepting the 25% refund, Gandhiji ended the disagreement. He understood that this symbolic victory was more significant than the exact amount, as it established the principle of peasant rights.
शायद यह सोचकर कि गाँधीजी नहीं झुकेंगे, जमींदारों के प्रतिनिधि, ने 25 प्रतिशत तक पैसा वापस करने का प्रस्ताव रखा। गाँधीजी ने उसे आश्चर्यचकित करते हुए उसकी बात मान ली और इस प्रकार गतिरोध समाप्त कर दिया।
In simple words: The planters offered a 25% refund, believing Gandhiji would refuse. But Gandhiji accepted it right away, which surprised them and ended the argument.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that Gandhiji's acceptance of the 25% refund, despite it being less than demanded, was a strategic move to break the deadlock and establish the principle of justice for the peasants.

Question 23. How did the peasants learn courage?
किसानों ने साहस किस प्रकार सीखा?
Answer: The planters had treated the peasants like they were superior to the law. However, when the planters were forced to refund the peasants' money and also lost some of their high status, the peasants realized something important. They understood that they too had rights and were not powerless. This realization, that they could challenge and win against the powerful landlords, instilled a new sense of courage in them.
जमींदार किसानों के साथ ऐसा व्यवहार करते आ रहे थे मानो वे कानून से ऊपर भगवान हों। जब उन्हें किसानों का पैसा वापस करना पड़ा और साथ ही उनकी शान भी कम हुई तो किसानों ने देखा कि उनके भी अधिकार हैं। उन्होंने साहस करना सीख लिया।
In simple words: Peasants learned courage when landlords were forced to return their money and lost some of their power. This showed farmers that they also had rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the psychological impact: the planters' forced refunds and loss of prestige made peasants realize their own rights and the possibility of challenging authority, fostering courage.

Question 24. Describe the incident that was the beginning of the peasants' liberation from fear of the British?
Answer: After the peasants won, the British landlords gave up their estates within a few years. These lands went back to the farmers. This showed that Gandhiji was right, and the system of growing indigo as sharecroppers ended. This change greatly improved the lives of the Champaran farmers.
In simple words: A few years after the peasants won, British landlords left their land. These lands were returned to the farmers. This proved Gandhiji's stand and ended the unfair indigo farming system.

Question 25. How do you know that Gandhiji was a good administrator?
Answer: We know Gandhiji was a good administrator because he kept a close watch on his ashram even while staying far away in Champaran. He would send instructions by mail regularly and asked for financial reports. This shows his attention to detail and ability to manage things from a distance, ensuring everything ran smoothly.
In simple words: Gandhiji stayed in Champaran but still kept an eye on his ashram from far away. He sent instructions and asked for money reports regularly. This shows he was a very good manager.

Question 26. What type of politics did Gandhiji follow?
Answer: Gandhiji's politics was about solving the real, everyday problems of people. He cared more about actual human beings than just ideas or theories. He always tried to help ordinary people who were suffering. His approach was very hands-on and focused on improving daily life.
In simple words: Gandhiji's politics focused on fixing people's daily problems. He cared for real people, not just big ideas. He always tried to help ordinary people who were in trouble.

Question 27. How long did Gandhiji stay in Champaran? On whose request did he remain there?
Answer: Gandhiji went to Champaran because Rajkumar Shukla asked him to. He stayed there for almost a year. However, his long stay was not simply due to this request. Gandhiji continued working for the social improvement of the poor farmers, fighting against a lack of education, poor hygiene, and health issues. His presence transformed the region over time.
In simple words: Gandhiji stayed in Champaran for about one year after Rajkumar Shukla asked him to come. He stayed longer to help poor farmers improve their lives, fighting against problems like no schooling and bad health.

Question 28. What was the attitude of the average Indians in smaller localities towards advocates of 'home-rule'?
Answer: Most ordinary Indians in small towns were afraid of the British. They did not support those who asked for 'home-rule' or self-governance. They were so scared that they did not even welcome these activists into their homes. This fear made them hesitant to join the movement.
In simple words: Regular people in small towns were scared of the British. They did not feel any kindness towards people who wanted 'home-rule' and would not even let them in their homes.

B. Answer the Following Questions in About 125 Words Each:

Question 1. What change did the Champaran episode bring about in the lives of peasants?
Answer: Before Gandhiji's arrival, Champaran peasants were sharecroppers forced to grow indigo on 15% of their land and surrender the entire harvest as rent to British landlords. When synthetic indigo became available, landlords demanded compensation to release them from this unfair agreement. Gandhiji guided the peasants, helping them fight for their rights and win. The event of a 25% refund of money made the peasants realize they had rights and someone to defend them. They became courageous. This caused the British landlords to lose morale and abandon their estates, which were then returned to the peasants. Consequently, the exploitative indigo sharecropping system completely ended, bringing a significant positive change to their lives and empowering them.
In simple words: The Champaran event changed peasants' lives a lot. They learned they had rights and grew brave. The British landlords, feeling defeated, left their estates, which were given back to the farmers. The unfair indigo farming system was completely stopped.

Question 2. Why do you think Gandhiji considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life?
Answer: Gandhiji viewed the Champaran event as a turning point because his approach of civil disobedience and willingly accepting punishment proved successful. This showed the entire nation that they could stand up against the British. The peasants realized their own strength and understood that if they worked together, they could force the British landlords to meet their demands. This event brought the first real hope to Indians, showing them that the British were not unbeatable and that ordinary people no longer needed to live in fear. It clearly demonstrated that Gandhiji could not be ordered around in his own country, marking a crucial step in shaping a new, independent India. This was a critical test of his non-violent methods.
In simple words: Champaran was a turning point for Gandhiji because his way of non-violent protest worked. Indians learned they could oppose the British. Peasants realized their power when united. It gave hope, showing the British were not all-powerful and Gandhiji could not be bossed around in his own land.

Question 3. How was Gandhiji able to influence lawyers? Give instances.
Answer: Gandhiji influenced lawyers by first scolding them for charging high fees from poor peasants. He pointed out that courts were useless if peasants were too oppressed and scared to seek justice. Later, during his trial in Motihari, he challenged the lawyers to consider what would happen to the peasants if he were jailed. When a lawyer said they would go home, Gandhiji questioned who would then fight for the farmers, calling it an injustice. Seeing a stranger like Gandhiji ready to go to prison for the peasants made the lawyers feel ashamed. This inspired them to promise to follow him and support the cause. This demonstrated his ability to appeal to their conscience and commitment.
In simple words: Gandhiji influenced lawyers by first telling them off for charging too much from poor farmers. He then made them think about what would happen to the peasants if he went to jail. Seeing his selfless dedication, the lawyers felt ashamed and decided to follow him.

Question 4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?
Answer: We know ordinary people contributed to the freedom movement because Gandhiji believed the movement needed their active involvement to succeed. He inspired them to be brave and fearless. The people demonstrated their courage by following Gandhiji, showing that without their unity, his efforts would have been less effective. For instance, when Motihari peasants learned Gandhiji was in trouble, thousands gathered around the court to support him, a crowd so large that British authorities could not control it. This event clearly showed that ordinary people cast aside their indifference and became active participants, proving that the freedom movement relied heavily on the participation of common citizens. Their collective presence made a powerful statement.
In simple words: Ordinary people joined the freedom movement because Gandhiji encouraged them to be brave. When he faced trouble, thousands of peasants gathered to support him, showing great unity. This proved that common people were key to the movement's success and gave up their fear.

Question 5. "The battle of Champaran is won,” Explain the statement. OR Narrate the incident that is an example of Gandhiji's civil disobedience.
Answer: In 1917, the farmers of Champaran were in a very sad state. Gandhiji visited the secretary of the British landlords' association, who refused to give him any information. He then met a British official commissioner who threatened him and advised him to leave Champaran, but Gandhiji refused. He was served an official notice to leave Champaran immediately. However, Gandhiji wrote on the notice that he would disobey the order, which was a clear act of civil disobedience. As a result, he was summoned to court the next day. The following morning, thousands of peasants gathered to support Gandhiji. Seeing the huge public support and realizing that all the lawyers were ready to go to jail with him to defy the government's orders, Gandhiji declared, 'The battle of Champaran is won.' This statement meant that the moral victory and the people's courage to stand against injustice had been achieved, signifying the beginning of their liberation from fear. It was a pivotal moment where collective defiance overcame oppressive authority.
In simple words: In 1917, Gandhiji refused to obey an official order to leave Champaran, showing civil disobedience. When he was called to court, thousands of farmers and lawyers supported him. Seeing this huge support and defiance, Gandhiji declared, 'The battle of Champaran is won.' This meant they had won a moral victory and gained courage against the British.

Question 6. What did Gandhiji do for social and cultural upliftment of Champaran? (S.S. Exam. 2017)
Answer: Gandhiji noticed the social and cultural problems in Champaran and wanted to fix them right away. He asked teachers to help, and many volunteers, including Mahadev Desai, Narhari Parekh, their wives, and even his own son Devdas and wife Kasturba, came from all over India to assist. They opened primary schools in six villages. Kasturba taught villagers about personal cleanliness and community hygiene. Since health was also a big problem, Gandhiji found a doctor who volunteered his services for six months. He also saw how dirty the women's clothes were and asked Kasturba to talk to them about it. Gandhiji understood that freedom meant more than just political rights; it also required social upliftment and education.
In simple words: Gandhiji helped Champaran by opening primary schools in six villages, with Kasturba teaching hygiene. He also arranged for a doctor to help with health problems. Many volunteers came, and his actions showed he cared about all parts of people's lives, not just their land issues.

Question 7. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhiji's method of working. Can you identify some instances of Satyagraha and non-violence?
Answer: Gandhiji's methods of Satyagraha and non-violence are clearly seen in several events. One instance is when he received an official order to leave Champaran but chose to disobey it, writing his refusal on the notice itself. This act of peaceful defiance led to his court summons. Another example of non-violence was during his court appearance, where a large crowd of his supporters gathered. Despite the tension, Gandhiji helped the authorities maintain law and order, showing his respect for systems even while challenging an unjust one. He also asked the authorities to punish him for disobeying their order, explaining that his actions were for a greater, humanitarian cause. These incidents highlight his deep belief in truth-force (Satyagraha) and non-violent resistance, proving that peaceful protest could be a powerful tool for change. His actions consistently put moral pressure on the British without resorting to violence.
In simple words: Gandhiji showed Satyagraha by disobeying the order to leave Champaran, then peacefully facing court. He also helped keep order when many supporters gathered, proving that non-violence and truth were strong ways to fight for a bigger cause.

Question 8. What was the beginning of the peasants' liberation from fear of the British? Write your answer with reference to the farmers of Champaran.
Answer: The liberation of Champaran peasants from fear of the British began when Gandhiji received a report about a peasant being mistreated in a nearby village. When he tried to visit, the police stopped him and served an official notice to leave Champaran. Gandhiji, however, openly refused to obey this order by writing it on the receipt. This act of defiance led to him being summoned to court. News spread quickly among the peasants that a 'Mahatma' who wished to help them was in trouble with the authorities. In response, thousands of villagers gathered in Motihari to support him at the courthouse. Gandhiji, seeing this massive show of public solidarity, felt overwhelmed and declared that this very gathering, where peasants bravely stood together against British authority, marked the beginning of their freedom from fear. This collective act of courage showed them their collective power.
In simple words: Peasants in Champaran began losing their fear when Gandhiji refused a British order to leave and was summoned to court. Thousands of farmers came to Motihari to support him. Gandhiji declared this huge gathering was the start of their freedom from fear, as they dared to stand up together.

Question 9. Why was the official inquiry commission appointed? What did the findings of the commission reveal? What was its impact on British planters?
Answer: The official inquiry commission was set up because Gandhiji pressured the British authorities to address the miserable condition of the Champaran peasants. The Lieutenant Governor, after meeting Gandhiji several times, appointed this commission to investigate the indigo sharecroppers' situation. It included landlords, government officials, and Gandhiji as the sole representative of the peasants. The commission gathered strong evidence against the large planters, confirming the severe exploitation and suffering of the Champaran farmers. Facing this undeniable evidence, the British planters reluctantly agreed, in principle, to refund money to the peasants. After asking Gandhiji how much to pay, they ultimately agreed to return only 25% of the money they had illegally taken from the sharecroppers. This outcome was a significant moral victory for the peasants.
In simple words: The inquiry commission was appointed because Gandhiji forced the British to see the peasants' suffering. The investigation showed strong evidence against landlords, who then agreed to pay back 25% of the money they had unfairly taken. This was a big win for the farmers.

Question 10. The lesson 'Indigo' brings out several qualities of Gandhiji's character. Write your answer in about 125 words.
Answer: The lesson 'Indigo' highlights many key qualities of Gandhiji's character. He was a very simple and accessible man, willing to meet even an illiterate peasant like Rajkumar Shukla. Gandhiji was also highly systematic in his approach; he did not rush into action but first understood the problem completely, then planned his strategy, and only then acted. His actions were always driven by a concern for the underprivileged and the poor. Furthermore, he displayed immense courage, for example, by openly defying British orders and facing arrest for a greater cause. His administrative skills were evident as he managed affairs even from a distance, sending instructions and asking for financial accounts for his ashram while in Champaran. These traits show him as a thoughtful leader, a brave activist, and a careful planner, who inspired people through his actions and dedication to justice.
In simple words: Gandhiji was simple, calm, and well-organized. He always studied problems before acting and bravely defied unfair rules. He cared deeply for the poor and managed his ashram from afar, showing he was a great leader and administrator.

Activity 2: Vocabulary

Question (a). Given below are some phrasal verbs, consult a dictionary and use each of them in a Sentence:
Answer: Here are some phrasal verbs. Find their meanings and use each one in a sentence to show what it means:
1. act upon - He acted upon his lawyer's advice.
2. add up to - His notes added up to exactly two thousand.
3. aim at - Gandhiji aimed at making India free.
4. argue down - Shyam argued down his opponent in the debate.
5. ask after - Gandhi always asked after his ashram in his letters.
6. back down - Owing to protest, the government backed down the new tax.
7. back out - Losing trust, he backed out of the deal at the last moment.
8. back up - Gandhiji backed up the peasants' struggle.
9. bring up - Parents bring up their children with great love and care.
10. bring about - The struggle brought about a change in the British government's attitude.
In simple words: These are phrasal verbs used in sentences. Learn how each one is used.

Question (b). Given below are some confusing words. Consult a dictionary and use each of them in a Sentence:

Activity 3: Speech Activity

Question 1. Draft a speech on non-violence as a potent weapon for world peace.
Answer: Respected Principal, teachers, and friends! Today, I will speak about 'non-violence as a powerful tool for world peace'. Many wise people have shown that non-violence leads to living peacefully with others. Mahatma Gandhi used non-violence to win India's freedom from the British Empire. He proved to the world that non-violence is not just a way to live, but also a strong weapon for peaceful fights. I believe non-violence has a great power to create global peace. A world built on non-violence would be the most wonderful place. Non-violence helps resolve conflicts without causing further harm.
In simple words: Non-violence is a strong tool for world peace. Mahatma Gandhi used it to free India from the British. It helps us live peacefully and solve problems without fighting, making the world a better place.

Question 2. Prepare a speech for your prayer assembly on the role of the revolutionary leaders of the Indian Freedom Struggle.

Activity 4: Composition

Question. Write a letter to the editor of the Indian Express about the exploitation of the Indigo farmers at the hands of the English landlords on the basis of this lesson.
Answer: Hari Mohan
27, Ranjeet Nagar
Bharatpur
July 18

The Editor
The Indian Express
Bharatpur

Subject: Regarding the unfair treatment of Indigo farmers by English landlords.

Sir,
It is very sad to share that many Indian farmers in Champaran were forced to work as sharecroppers. They had to grow indigo on 15% of their land, and then give the entire crop to the English landlords as rent. Later, the landlords also demanded money from these farmers to release them from this agreement. This was a very unjust act by the English landlords, and they greatly exploited our poor Indian farmers. Thankfully, because of Mahatma Gandhiji's efforts, the landlords eventually gave in, and this exploitation of the Indian farmers stopped. I humbly ask you to print this article in your respected newspaper to highlight the hardship faced by the indigo farmers. It's important for everyone to know how dedicated Gandhiji was to helping the oppressed.

Yours sincerely,
Hari Mohan
In simple words: Many Champaran farmers were forced to grow indigo and give it as rent to English landlords. Landlords also demanded money to end agreements. This was very unfair. Thanks to Gandhiji, this exploitation stopped. Please print this story in your newspaper.