RBSE Solutions Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 5 India’s Gifts to the World-(i) How Yoga Heals

RBSE Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 5 Textual Questions

Activity 1: Comprehension

A. Say whether the following statements are True or False. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false:

Question 1. According to the author, very few people know that yoga is good for them.
Answer: False
In simple words: The author states that many people actually know yoga is good, so this statement is incorrect. People generally understand the benefits of yoga.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to keywords like "very few" in True/False statements, as they often determine the accuracy.

Question 2. According to medical research, about 90% of diseases of people are stress related.
Answer: True
In simple words: Medical studies show that almost all illnesses, around 90%, are linked to stress. Stress has a big impact on health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific statistics or percentages mentioned in the text, as these are often tested.

Question 3. Stress is produced by the sympathetic nervous system.
Answer: True
In simple words: The sympathetic nervous system is the part of our body that creates the feeling of stress. It gets us ready to react in tough situations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of different nervous systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic) in the body's stress response.

Question 4. The short term stress reaction is considered as good.
Answer: True
In simple words: When we feel stress for a short time, it's actually helpful. It prepares our body to handle difficult situations effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between short-term (beneficial) and long-term (harmful) stress reactions for this topic.

Question 5. The short term stress reaction is considered as good.
Answer: True
In simple words: This statement is true, meaning that a brief period of stress can be beneficial for our body. It helps us react quickly in challenging moments.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be consistent with your true/false answers; sometimes the same question or a very similar one can appear twice.

B. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. For what diseases can yoga be a therapy?
किन-किन बीमारियों के लिए योग एक रोगोपचार की पद्धति हो सकती है?
Answer: Yoga can be used as a therapy for many illnesses like cancer, infertility, lung disease, and multiple sclerosis. It also helps with Parkinson's disease, insomnia, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Additionally, yoga provides relief for depression, osteoporosis, and joint pain. It helps the body heal itself.
In simple words: Yoga can help with illnesses like cancer, lung disease, and anxiety. It also helps with problems like high blood pressure, sleep issues, and joint pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: List as many diseases as possible from the text to show comprehensive knowledge. Focus on key examples.

Question 2. Which diseases are caused by stress?
तनाव से कौन-कौन-सी बीमारियाँ होती हैं?
Answer: Medical studies show that about 90% of diseases are linked to stress. Diseases caused by an overactive stress response include cardiovascular problems, depression, and anxiety. Some types of diabetes mellitus are also related to stress. Managing stress can prevent these conditions.
In simple words: Many diseases, about 90%, are caused by stress. These include heart diseases, sadness, worry, and some types of diabetes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the percentage (90%) and give at least three specific examples of stress-related diseases.

Question. What is the reaction of our body in the 'fight or flight' system?
'लड़ो या भागो' व्यवस्था में हमारे शरीर की क्या प्रतिक्रिया होती है?
Answer: In the 'fight or flight' system, our body reacts in two main ways. For a short time, this reaction is helpful. However, if it lasts too long, it becomes harmful. It causes a quick increase in heart rate and blood pressure, makes breathing shallow, slows down metabolism, and tightens muscles. This prepares the body for immediate danger.
In simple words: Our body reacts by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing fast. Muscles get tight and metabolism slows down. This helps us deal with danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly explain both the short-term benefit and long-term harm of the 'fight or flight' response, listing the physical changes that occur.

Question 4. Write the main hazards of stress.
तनाव के मुख्य खतरे लिखिए।
OR
Why is stress harmful to our body?
तनाव हमारे शरीर के लिए क्यों हानिकारक है?
Answer: Stress is harmful to our body because it causes immediate changes like a fast heart rate, increased blood pressure, and sweating. It also leads to shallow breathing, slows down our body's chemical processes (metabolism), and makes muscles tense. These effects, if prolonged, can damage overall health.
In simple words: Stress harms us by making our heart beat faster, raising blood pressure, causing sweating, and making us breathe shallowly. It also slows down body functions and tenses muscles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on listing the specific negative physical effects of stress mentioned in the text, such as heart rate and blood pressure changes.

Question 5. Why is cortisol good for our body? (Sample Paper 2018)
कोर्टिसोल हमारे शरीर के लिए अच्छा क्यों है?
Answer: Cortisol is a hormone that is beneficial for our body when its levels are normal. It helps keep the body active by supporting its metabolism and regulating blood pressure. This hormone ensures our body functions smoothly and stays energized throughout the day.
In simple words: Cortisol is good when it's at normal levels. It helps keep our body active and controls metabolism and blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that cortisol is good at *normal* levels and state its primary functions like maintaining body activity and regulating metabolism.

Question 6. Describe the impact of the high level of cortisol on our health.
हमारे स्वास्थ्य पर कोर्टिसोल की अधिक मात्रा से होने वाले प्रभाव का वर्णन करो।
Answer: High levels of cortisol can weaken the immune system, making us more prone to illness. It can also disrupt sleep and cause a loss of appetite. Furthermore, too much cortisol can increase heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, which may lead to a heart attack. This hormone imbalance is detrimental to long-term health.
In simple words: Too much cortisol can harm our health. It weakens our immune system, causes sleep problems, and increases the risk of heart attacks by raising heart rate and cholesterol.

🎯 Exam Tip: List at least three specific negative health impacts of high cortisol, such as immune suppression, sleep issues, and cardiovascular risks.

Question 7. How can the parasympathetic nervous system be activated?
परानुकंपी तन्त्रिका तंत्र को कैसे सक्रिय किया जा सकता है?
Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system turns on once a threat or stressful situation has ended. We can also consciously activate it by breathing deeply and relaxing our skeletal muscles. Engaging in calming activities like meditation can further stimulate this system.
In simple words: This system activates after danger passes. We can also turn it on by taking deep breaths and relaxing our muscles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both the natural activation (after stress) and conscious methods (deep breathing, muscle relaxation) to activate the parasympathetic system.

Question 8. What is the result of 'rest and renew' in our body?
'आराम और पुनर्नवीनीकरण' को हमारे शरीर में क्या परिणाम होता है?
Answer: The 'rest and renew' response, also known as the "relaxation response," is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system. It lowers blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing speed. This process also helps digestion and excretion, allowing blood to flow freely to all organs. It helps the body recover and repair itself.
In simple words: 'Rest and renew' lowers blood pressure and heart rate. It helps digestion, cleans the body, and allows good blood flow everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that 'rest and renew' is the body's repair mode, listing specific physiological effects like lower heart rate and improved digestion.

Question. What is important for the promotion of long term health?
लम्बी अवधि के स्वास्थ्य के विकास के लिए क्या महत्त्वपूर्ण है?
Answer: For long-term health, it is very important that blood flows freely through all our body systems, including digestive, reproductive, glandular, and immune systems. These systems are crucial for the body's growth and overall fitness. Good circulation ensures that all parts of the body receive the nutrients they need to function well.
In simple words: For good long-term health, blood must move freely through all body systems like digestion and immunity. This helps our body grow and stay fit.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the importance of unimpeded blood flow to all vital systems for overall long-term well-being.

Question 10. Describe the main components of yoga practice.
योगाभ्यास के मुख्य अंगों (घटकों का) का वर्णन करो।
Answer: The main parts of yoga practice are Yogasanas, Pranayama, and meditation. Yogasanas involve bending, twisting, and compressing the body. Pranayama focuses on long, deep breathing and consciously relaxing the body. Meditation is about concentrating the mind. All these components work together for holistic health.
In simple words: Yoga has three main parts: Yogasanas (body poses), Pranayama (breathing), and meditation (mind focus).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify and briefly explain the three core components of yoga practice for a complete answer.

Question 11. What does the practice of yoga encourage?
योगाभ्यास क्या प्रोत्साहित करता है?
Answer: Practicing yoga helps a person live a healthier life. It builds self-awareness and the discipline needed to change behavior in a positive way. Yoga also fosters optimism and courage. By regularly practicing yoga, individuals can cultivate a positive outlook and develop inner strength.
In simple words: Yoga encourages healthier living. It helps people become self-aware, disciplined, optimistic, and brave.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the psychological and behavioral benefits of yoga, such as self-awareness, discipline, and positive outlook.

Question. तनाव और बीमारियों के मध्य सम्बन्ध की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer: तनाव और बीमारियों के बीच गहरा सम्बन्ध है। चिकित्सा-अनुसंधान का अनुमान है कि लगभग 90 प्रतिशत बीमारियाँ सीधे या परोक्ष रूप से तनाव से सम्बन्धित होती हैं। इनमें हृदय रोग, अवसाद, चिन्ता और मधुमेह जैसी बीमारियाँ शामिल हैं। तनाव होने पर कोर्टिसोल हार्मोन का स्तर रक्त में बढ़ जाता है। सामान्य स्तर पर कोर्टिसोल चयापचय और रक्तचाप को बनाए रखने में मदद करता है। हालाँकि, उच्च कोर्टिसोल स्तर से नींद में बाधा, भूख न लगना, हृदय गति, रक्तचाप, कोलेस्ट्रॉल और ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स में वृद्धि होती है, जिससे हृदय रोग और स्ट्रोक का खतरा बढ़ जाता है। ये सभी परिवर्तन विभिन्न बीमारियों के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं। तनाव हमारे शरीर की प्राकृतिक उपचार क्षमताओं को प्रभावित करता है।
In simple words: तनाव और बीमारियाँ एक-दूसरे से जुड़ी हैं; लगभग 90% बीमारियाँ तनाव से होती हैं। तनाव कोर्टिसोल हार्मोन बढ़ाता है, जिससे हृदय रोग, नींद की समस्या और कई अन्य बीमारियाँ हो सकती हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: इस प्रश्न में तनाव और बीमारियों के बीच सीधा सम्बन्ध बताते हुए, कोर्टिसोल हार्मोन की भूमिका और तनाव से उत्पन्न होने वाली प्रमुख बीमारियों के उदाहरण अवश्य दें।

Question 2. What do you understand by the sympathetic nervous system? How does it function?
अनुकंपी तंत्रिका तंत्र से आप क्या समझते हैं? यह कैसे कार्य करता है?
Answer: The sympathetic nervous system is a part of our nervous system that triggers the 'fight or flight' response when faced with danger. It instantly increases heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, sweating, and leads to shallow breathing and muscle tensing. Internally, it slows down digestion and redirects blood flow away from internal organs to prepare the body for immediate action. While beneficial for short-term threats, long-term activation can be very harmful, impacting the body's natural healing abilities.
In simple words: अनुकंपी तंत्रिका तंत्र वह है जो खतरे में 'लड़ो या भागो' प्रतिक्रिया शुरू करता है। यह हृदय गति बढ़ाता है, पसीना लाता है, और शरीर को तुरंत प्रतिक्रिया के लिए तैयार करता है, पर लम्बे समय तक हानिकारक है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the 'fight or flight' response and list the specific physical changes it causes. Explain its dual nature: useful in the short term, harmful in the long term.

Question 3. Mention the benefits of yoga as discussed in the lesson. (S.S. Exam. 2009)
योग के उने लाभों का उल्लेख कीजिए जिनका इस पाठ में वर्णन किया गया है।
OR
What are the benefits of yoga?
योग के क्या लाभ हैं?
OR
How is yoga beneficial to health? (S. S. Exam. 2007)
योग स्वास्थ्य के लिए कैसे लाभदायक है?
Answer: Yoga offers many benefits for health. It reduces the level of stress hormones like cortisol in the blood, helping to alleviate stress. Yoga's meditative practices decrease the mind's reactivity to stressors and lessen the intensity of the 'fight or flight' response. Yoga postures improve blood and body fluid circulation, aiding in healing. It also helps maintain a healthy immune system and reduces inflammation. Furthermore, yoga strengthens muscles, improves lung capacity, and helps prevent diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Overall, yoga is extremely beneficial for physical and mental well-being.
In simple words: योग तनाव हार्मोन कम करता है, मन को शांत करता है, रक्त संचार बढ़ाता है और प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करता है। यह मांसपेशियों को मजबूत करता है और हड्डियों की बीमारियों को रोकता है, जिससे समग्र स्वास्थ्य सुधरता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a comprehensive list of yoga's benefits, covering both mental aspects (stress reduction, mind's responsiveness) and physical benefits (circulation, immunity, muscle strength, disease prevention).

Question 2. What according to the author, do people not know about yoga?
लेखक के अनुसार लोग योग के बारे में क्या नहीं जानते हैं?
Answer: According to American yoga expert Timothy Burgin, people are aware that yoga is beneficial for them. They know it helps heal diseases and improves physical and mental fitness. However, what most people don't understand is *how* yoga achieves these benefits. The deeper mechanisms and scientific explanations behind its effectiveness are often unknown.
In simple words: लोग जानते हैं कि योग अच्छा है और बीमारियों को ठीक करता है। लेकिन वे यह नहीं जानते कि योग यह सब कैसे करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that people know yoga *is* good but not *how* it works, emphasizing this specific knowledge gap.

Question 3. What does medical research say regarding the relationship between stress and diseases? Explain with example.
तनाव और बीमारियों के मध्य सम्बन्ध के विषय में चिकित्सा अनुसंधान क्या कहता है? उदाहरण सहित व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer: Medical research suggests a very strong link between stress and disease, estimating that about 90% of diseases are either directly or indirectly stress-related. For example, stress is known to contribute to cardiovascular diseases, which affect the heart and blood vessels. It also plays a role in mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Furthermore, certain types of diabetes are linked to chronic stress. This shows how crucial stress management is for overall health.
In simple words: मेडिकल रिसर्च के अनुसार, लगभग 90% बीमारियाँ तनाव से जुड़ी हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, दिल की बीमारियाँ, डिप्रेशन और शुगर जैसी बीमारियाँ तनाव के कारण हो सकती हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the 90% statistic and provide at least three clear examples of stress-related diseases to fully answer the question.

Question 5. What is the 'fight or flight" response? How does it affect our body internally?
'लड़ो या भागो' प्रतिक्रिया किसे कहते हैं? यह आन्तरिक रूप से हमारे शरीर को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?
Answer: The "fight or flight" response is our sympathetic nervous system's reaction to an environmental threat. Internally, it shuts down less immediate bodily functions to prioritize survival. It reduces digestion and elimination processes, and it decreases blood flow to internal organs. This re-routes energy and resources to muscles and senses, preparing the body to either confront the threat or escape from it.
In simple words: 'लड़ो या भागो' प्रतिक्रिया खतरे के समय शरीर की तत्काल प्रतिक्रिया है। यह पाचन धीमा कर देती है और रक्त को आन्तरिक अंगों से दूर करके आपातकाल के लिए तैयार करती है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the response clearly and then detail the specific internal physiological changes (e.g., digestion shutdown, blood flow redirection) that prepare the body for action.

Question 6. What are the ill effects on our body if we remain continuously under stress for a long time?
यदि हम लगातार लम्बे समय तक तनाव में रहते हैं तो हमारे शरीर पर क्या बुरे प्रभाव पड़ते हैं?
Answer: If we experience continuous stress for a long time, our body's natural abilities to maintain health and heal itself are negatively affected. This happens because chronic stress leads to sleep disturbances, making it hard to rest properly. It also weakens the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to illnesses. Prolonged stress can lead to a general decline in overall well-being and health.
In simple words: लगातार तनाव में रहने से शरीर की ठीक होने की क्षमता कम हो जाती है। यह नींद खराब करता है और रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता को कमजोर बना देता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the long-term consequences of stress, specifically focusing on impaired healing, sleep problems, and weakened immunity.

Question 7. What can lead to high levels of cortisol? How does it affect our body?
क्या चीज कोर्टिसोल हार्मोन का उच्च स्तर उत्पन्न कर सकती है? यह हमारे शरीर को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करता है?
Answer: High levels of cortisol are often caused by continuous stress. When cortisol levels are too high, they can harm the body in several ways. High cortisol can suppress the immune system, making us more susceptible to infections. It can also cause sleep disturbances and a loss of appetite. Furthermore, elevated cortisol levels may increase heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. This constant state of alert wears down the body.
In simple words: लगातार तनाव कोर्टिसोल बढ़ाता है। उच्च कोर्टिसोल प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कमजोर करता है, नींद खराब करता है, भूख घटाता है, और दिल के दौरे का खतरा बढ़ाता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that chronic stress causes high cortisol and then list specific negative effects on the immune system, sleep, appetite, and cardiovascular health.

Question 8. What is responsible for the risk of heart attack and stroke and how?
हृदयाघात और दिमागी पक्षाघात के खतरे के लिए क्या चीज जिम्मेदार है और कैसे?
Answer: High levels of cortisol hormone are responsible for increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. This occurs because elevated cortisol increases several key factors. Specifically, it raises heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These increased levels put a strain on the cardiovascular system, making it more vulnerable to serious events like heart attacks and strokes.
In simple words: उच्च कोर्टिसोल हार्मोन दिल के दौरे और स्ट्रोक के लिए जिम्मेदार है। यह हृदय गति, रक्तचाप, कोलेस्ट्रॉल और ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स को बढ़ाता है, जिससे खतरा बढ़ जाता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state cortisol as the primary factor and explain the mechanism: how it raises heart rate, blood pressure, and cholesterol, leading to cardiovascular problems.

Question 9. What is the relaxation response?
तनावमुक्ति प्रतिक्रिया क्या होती है?
Answer: The relaxation response is the body's natural way to balance the 'fight or flight' reaction. It is also known as the parasympathetic nervous system or the "rest and renew stage." This response happens when the 'fight or flight' reaction has finished or ended. It helps the body calm down, recover, and restore its normal functions after a stressful event.
In simple words: तनावमुक्ति प्रतिक्रिया शरीर की वह प्राकृतिक प्रतिक्रिया है जो 'लड़ो या भागो' प्रतिक्रिया को संतुलित करती है। यह तब होती है जब खतरा टल जाता है, और शरीर आराम करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the relaxation response as the counterbalance to 'fight or flight' and explain when it occurs (after stress has passed).

Question 10. How does the parasympathetic nervous system work in our body?
हमारे शरीर में परानुकंपी तंत्रिका तन्त्र कैसे कार्य करता है?
Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system starts working once the sympathetic nervous system (which causes stress) has finished its job. It helps our body calm down by lowering blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing. This system also helps digestion and elimination, ensuring that blood flows properly to all organs. It essentially puts the body into a state of rest and repair, promoting overall healing and maintenance.
In simple words: परानुकंपी तंत्रिका तंत्र तब सक्रिय होता है जब तनाव खत्म होता है। यह रक्तचाप, हृदय गति और श्वास को कम करता है, पाचन में मदद करता है, और पूरे शरीर में रक्त संचार को बढ़ाता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the parasympathetic system's role as the "rest and digest" system, detailing its effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive functions.

Question. Why do we call parasympathetic nervous system as “rest and renew stage”?
परानुकंपी तंत्रिका तंत्र को हम "आराम और पुनर्नवीनीकरण अवस्था” क्यों कहते हैं?
Answer: The parasympathetic nervous system is called the “rest and renew stage” because during this period, our body gets the chance to heal and restore itself. It uses this time to perform all essential maintenance tasks, repair tissues, and recover from stress. This allows the body to conserve energy and rebuild resources, which is crucial for long-term health.
In simple words: परानुकंपी तंत्रिका तंत्र को "आराम और पुनर्नवीनीकरण" कहते हैं क्योंकि इस दौरान शरीर को बीमारियों से ठीक होने और अपनी सभी ज़रूरी देखभाल के काम करने का समय मिलता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that this system provides the body with time and resources to heal, repair, and perform maintenance tasks after periods of stress.

Question 12. Why does yoga emphasize on long, deep breathing and conscious relaxation?
योग लम्बी गहरी श्वास और जानबूझकर तनावमुक्त होने (शिथिलीकरण) पर अधिक बल क्यों देता है?
Answer: Yoga emphasizes long, deep breathing and conscious relaxation because these practices activate the parasympathetic nervous system. This system promotes "rest and renew" functions, which are essential for healing and recovery. It also helps to lower the level of the stress hormone cortisol and reduces the intensity of the "fight or flight" response, bringing the body and mind into a calmer state. Conscious breathing helps to manage the body's response to stress.
In simple words: योग लम्बी सांस और आराम पर जोर देता है क्योंकि यह शरीर को शांत करता है, तनाव हार्मोन कम करता है, और "लड़ो या भागो" प्रतिक्रिया को धीमा करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect deep breathing and relaxation directly to the activation of the parasympathetic system and its positive effects on stress hormones and the 'fight or flight' response.

Question 13. How do the meditative practices of yoga help us?
योग की ध्यान सम्बन्धित क्रियाएँ किस प्रकार हमारी सहायता करती हैं?
Answer: Meditative practices in yoga help us by reducing how reactive our mind is to stressors. These practices also decrease the strength of the "fight or flight" response, allowing us to stay calmer in difficult situations. They build courage, making us brave enough to face threats instead of being afraid. Regular meditation can transform how we react to challenges, promoting inner peace and resilience.
In simple words: योग की ध्यान क्रियाएं तनावपूर्ण चीजों के प्रति हमारे मन की प्रतिक्रिया कम करती हैं। यह "लड़ो या भागो" प्रतिक्रिया को कम करती हैं और हमें खतरों से लड़ने के लिए साहसी बनाती हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the mental benefits: reduced reactivity to stress, decreased 'fight or flight' intensity, and increased courage to face challenges.

Question 15. What are the musculoskeletal diseases? How is yoga helpful in healing and preventing them?
मांसपेशियों एवं अस्थियों से सम्बन्धित बीमारियाँ कौन-सी हैं? इनके उपचार एवं रोकथाम में योग किस प्रकार सहायक है?
Answer: Musculoskeletal diseases are conditions that affect our muscles and bones, such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Yoga is very helpful in treating and preventing these diseases. Yoga poses improve muscle strength, increase flexibility, and enhance the movement of joints. By doing so, yoga helps heal existing musculoskeletal problems and prevents new ones from developing, keeping our bones and muscles healthy.
In simple words: मांसपेशियों और हड्डियों से जुड़ी बीमारियाँ जैसे गठिया को मस्कुलोस्केलेटल रोग कहते हैं। योग मांसपेशियों को मजबूत करता है, लचीलापन बढ़ाता है और जोड़ों की गति सुधार कर इन बीमारियों को ठीक करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Define musculoskeletal diseases with examples and then explain how yoga's physical aspects (strength, flexibility, joint movement) help in both treatment and prevention.

Question 16. Why does the author advise to consider yoga as a complementary therapy instead of complete therapy?
लेखक योग को एक पूर्ण चिकित्सा पद्धति के बजाय एक पूरक चिकित्सा पद्धति मानने की सलाह क्यों देता है?
Answer: The author suggests viewing yoga as a complementary therapy rather than a complete one because yoga alone may not be enough to cure all diseases. While it offers significant benefits for healing and well-being, it works best when used alongside other treatments. Yoga supports and enhances the effectiveness of conventional medicine, contributing to a more holistic approach to health.
In simple words: लेखक योग को पूरक चिकित्सा मानता है क्योंकि अकेले योग सभी बीमारियों को ठीक नहीं कर सकता। यह अन्य उपचारों के साथ मिलकर बेहतर काम करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that yoga is a *supportive* therapy, meaning it works best in conjunction with other treatments, rather than as a sole cure.

Question 17. Why does yoga emphasize on back bends?
पी देता है?
Answer: Yoga emphasizes back bends because these postures help strengthen the nerves that exit the spinal cord. A strong and flexible spine is crucial for overall nervous system health. By improving the health of these nerves, back bends can enhance communication throughout the body and contribute to better well-being.
In simple words: योग में बैक बेंड्स पर जोर दिया जाता है क्योंकि ये रीढ़ की हड्डी से निकलने वाली नसों को मजबूत करते हैं। यह हमारी तंत्रिका प्रणाली के लिए बहुत अच्छा है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific benefit of back bends: strengthening spinal nerves for improved nervous system health.

B. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 125 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. Is cortisol both a good and a bad hormone? Support your answer from the text.
क्या कोर्टिसोल अच्छा व बुरा, दोनों प्रकार का हार्मोन है? अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि मूलपाठ में से कीजिए।
Answer: Yes, cortisol is indeed both a good and a bad hormone, depending on its levels in the body. It is considered good when it is at normal levels, helping to maintain an active and healthy body. Normal cortisol regulates metabolism and blood pressure, which are vital for overall functioning. However, cortisol becomes bad when its levels are excessive, typically due to stress. High cortisol can suppress the immune system, disrupt sleep, and lead to a loss of appetite. Furthermore, elevated levels can increase heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, significantly raising the risk of heart attack and stroke. Cortisol by-products can also act as sedatives, potentially leading to depression. Therefore, it is important to manage stress to prevent excessive cortisol release and protect our body and brain.
In simple words: हाँ, कोर्टिसोल अच्छा और बुरा दोनों है। सामान्य स्तर पर यह शरीर को सक्रिय और स्वस्थ रखता है। लेकिन बहुत अधिक होने पर यह प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कमजोर करता है, नींद खराब करता है, और दिल के दौरे का खतरा बढ़ाता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a balanced answer, explaining when cortisol is beneficial (normal levels, maintaining body functions) and when it becomes harmful (excessive levels, causing immune suppression, sleep issues, and cardiovascular risks).

Question 2. What is meant by stress and what are its effects?
तनाव से क्या तात्पर्य है और इसके क्या प्रभाव हैं?
Answer: Stress is the excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing a 'fight or flight' response to any challenging situation. Its effects on the body are numerous and widespread. Physically, stress leads to an instantaneous surge in heart rate, increased cardiac output, and elevated blood pressure. It also causes sweating, shallow breathing, and a slowdown of metabolism, coupled with muscle tension. Internally, the 'fight or flight' response shuts down digestion and elimination, redirecting blood flow away from internal organs. While this response can be beneficial for short-term threats, preparing the body for immediate action, continuous exposure to stress over a long period becomes detrimental. It severely affects our body's natural healing abilities, causing sleep disturbances and suppressing the immune system, making us more vulnerable to various diseases.
In simple words: तनाव वह है जब हमारा शरीर खतरे के प्रति 'लड़ो या भागो' प्रतिक्रिया देता है। इसके प्रभाव में दिल की धड़कन तेज होना, रक्तचाप बढ़ना, पसीना आना और मांसपेशियों में खिंचाव शामिल हैं। लम्बे समय तक तनाव शरीर को ठीक होने से रोकता है, नींद खराब करता है और प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कमजोर करता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Define stress as a sympathetic nervous system response. Then, detail both the immediate physiological effects (heart rate, blood pressure, sweating) and the long-term negative impacts (impaired healing, sleep issues, immune suppression).

Activity 2: vocabulary

You have read about the hormone called Cortisol in your lesson. Given below is a list of important hormones secreted by the human body. Study the following list of hormones and gather the required information about them from the internet to acquaint yourself with the tissues producing them and their impact on the human body.
आप इस पाठ में कोर्टिसोल हार्मो के बारे में पढ़ चुके हो। नीचे मनुष्य के शरीर द्वारा स्रावित महत्त्वपूर्ण हार्मोनों की सूची दी गई है। हॉमोन्स की निम्नलिखित सूची को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और स्वयं की जानकारी के लिए उनके बारे में इण्टरनेट से आवश्यक सूचनाएँ एकत्र कीजिए कि वे किन ऊतकों द्वारा उत्पन्न किये जाते हैं हैं और उनका मानव शरीर पर क्या प्रभाव होता है।

Activity 3: Speech Activity

Question 1. Write a short speech on Food Adulteration (खाद्य पदार्थों में मिलावट) for discussion in your class.
Answer: Respected Sir and dear classmates, today we will discuss the serious problem of food adulteration. This is when any food item's makeup is changed in an unwanted way, usually for money. It makes food less nutritious and can cause serious health problems. For example, mixing mineral oils in food can cause cancer or paralysis. Adding palm oil to cooking oils or fake milk to pure milk are common examples. We must take steps to stop food adulteration. This is important for everyone's health and safety.
In simple words: Food adulteration means changing food to make more money, which lowers its quality and can make people sick. It's a serious problem that we need to stop to keep food safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a speech, always start with a polite address (e.g., "Respected Sir and dear classmates"), clearly state the topic, present key points, and end with a call to action or a concluding thought.

Question 2. Write a short speech on the Impact of Internet Culture (इण्टरनेट संस्कृति का प्रभाव) for discussion in your class.
Answer: Respected Sir and dear classmates, today, the whole world is heavily influenced by the internet. It affects almost every part of our lives. Things like learning, shopping, fun, talking, banking, and business all depend on the internet. However, internet culture also has some bad sides. It can quickly damage a person's reputation and life. Internet hacking is a big risk for bank accounts, personal details, and secret computer files. Many children are becoming addicted to the internet, and inappropriate videos are harming their lives. It's important to use the internet wisely to avoid these problems.
In simple words: The internet has changed our lives greatly, from learning to shopping. But it also has bad parts like hacking and addiction, which can harm people, especially children. We need to use it carefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing impacts, make sure to cover both positive and negative effects for a balanced view, and always suggest solutions or precautions for negative aspects.

Question 3. Write a short speech on the Importance of Games and Sports (खेलकूद का महत्व) for discussion in your class.
Answer: Respected Sir and dear classmates, games and sports are important not just for doing well in school, but also for success in all parts of life. Today, in developed countries, games and sports are a required part of school and college studies. They help us build strong bodies and keep our minds sharp. Playing in a team in front of many people helps us become brave and learn to work together. Games and sports are so important that developed countries spend a lot of money to make them better. Therefore, everyone should join in games for complete personal growth. Being active in sports teaches teamwork and discipline, which are valuable life skills.
In simple words: Games and sports are good for our bodies and minds. They teach us courage and teamwork. Countries spend money on them because they are important for everyone's overall growth and health.

🎯 Exam Tip: When advocating for something like games and sports, list specific benefits (physical, mental, social) and conclude with a strong statement encouraging participation.

Activity 4: Comprehension

Question 2. Write a letter to the Chairman of the Board of Secondary Education Rajasthan, Ajmer to prescribe 'Yoga' as a compulsory subject in the curriculum.
Answer:
Govt Senior Secondary School
Sikar 20-
Aug 20-

The Chairman
Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan,

Subject: Request to include 'Yoga' as a compulsory subject in the curriculum.

Sir,
Respectfully, I want to inform you that most people in India now understand how important Yoga is. Many well-known groups and countries see its importance. Students need to learn Yoga properly. This will help them stay healthy and guide others too. Learning Yoga can greatly improve students' physical and mental well-being. Yoga has become a global job field, and skilled Yoga teachers are in high demand everywhere. So, I ask you to make Yoga a required subject in our studies, so students can gain full knowledge of it.
Hope you will look into the matter.
Thank you sir
In simple words: This letter requests the education board to make Yoga a compulsory subject. Many people see its importance, and it helps students stay healthy and can lead to job opportunities. Learning it properly is vital for overall well-being.

🎯 Exam Tip: For formal letters, ensure the correct format (sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject, salutation, body, closing). The body should clearly state the purpose and provide strong reasons to support the request.

Question 3. Write an application to the District Education Officer, Jaipur, for the post of Yoga instructor, including your complete details.
Answer:
21, Dwarika Puri
Station Road, Kota
10 May 20-

The District Education Officer
Secondary Education Department, Jaipur

Subject: Application for the post of Yoga instructor

Sir,
I am writing in response to your advertisement in 'The Rajasthan Patrika' on May 8, 20- for the Yoga instructor position. I recently finished my B.N.Y.S. degree with 78% marks from M.D. University Rohtak. I have also joined many Yoga camps and have experience teaching Yoga classes. Yoga is a fantastic way to improve physical and mental health, and I am passionate about sharing its benefits. I promise to provide my best service if I am chosen for this role. My detailed resume is attached for your review.

Yours faithfully
Shivam
Enclosed - Resume

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a job application, always include a clear subject, refer to the advertisement, highlight relevant qualifications and experience, express confidence, and remember to attach a resume.