RBSE Solutions Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Natural Disasters and Management, Earthquakes & Landslides

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1. India is not related to which disaster:
(a) Earthquake
(b) Flood
(c) Landslide
(d) Volcano
Answer: (d) Volcano
In simple words: India faces many natural problems like earthquakes and floods, but volcanoes are not common here. This means volcanic eruptions are rarely seen in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check which disasters are common in a specific geographic area to understand its vulnerability to natural hazards.

Question 3. In which of the following areas the disaster of landslides takes place:
(a) Aravalli
(b) Himalayas
(c) Satpura
(d) Vindhyachal
Answer: (d) Vindhyachal
In simple words: Landslides happen when ground moves down a slope. In India, this often happens in mountain areas like the Vindhyachal range. This region has steep slopes which become unstable, especially with heavy rainfall.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that landslides are common in regions with steep slopes and heavy rainfall, especially in mountainous zones.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is meant by natural disasters?
Answer: Natural disasters are powerful events that happen in nature, like big floods, earthquakes, or strong hurricanes. They cause a lot of harm, damaging homes and even leading to loss of life. These events remind us of the immense power of natural forces.
In simple words: Natural disasters are natural events, like floods or earthquakes, that cause a lot of damage and harm to people and places.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining natural disasters, always mention their natural origin and their destructive impact on life and property.

Question 2. What is earthquake?
Answer: An earthquake is a sudden and strong shaking of the ground. This shaking happens because of movements inside the Earth's crust or sometimes due to volcanic activity. Earthquakes can cause a lot of destruction on the surface, including collapsing buildings.
In simple words: An earthquake is when the ground shakes suddenly and violently. It happens because of movements deep inside the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points for an earthquake definition include 'sudden violent shaking', 'earth's crust movement', and 'devastation'.

Question 3. What do you understand by the term landslide?
Answer: A landslide is when a large amount of rock, soil, or debris moves down a slope very quickly. This can include simple rock falls or deep movements of the land itself. Sometimes, it's also called a landslip or mudslide, showing how different materials can move. Landslides often happen after heavy rain or earthquakes, weakening the soil.
In simple words: A landslide is when rocks, soil, or mud suddenly slide down a hill or mountain. It's like a big slide of earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention that landslides are a type of 'mass wasting' involving ground movement, and provide examples like rock falls or mudslides.

Causes of Earthquakes

Mainly, natural factors are responsible for the occurrence of earthquakes. But, human factors also play an important role in the origin of earthquake.

1. Natural causes: The earthquakes mostly occur due to the movement in tectonic plates of the earth.

(a) Earthquakes are caused by tectonic movements in the earth's crust. The main cause is that when tectonic plates collide, one rides over the other, causing orogeny, earthquakes and volcanoes. Such an earthquake originated on 26th December 2014 in south-eastern Asia.

(b) Earthquakes may also be caused by the movement of lava beneath the surface of earth during volcanic activity. When the lava tries to come out from the earth's crust, it pushes the tectonic plates and so causes earthquakes.

(c) When the surface water enters into inner earth's crust through crust cracks or other ways, and converts into water vapor due to high temperature, then the water vapor, along with other gases tries to come out, and while doing so, it presses hard the tectonic plates to cause earthquake.

(d) Every rock is able to bear some pressure or contraction and stretch. But more pressure or contraction or stretch breaks the rocks into pieces, and when they try to take their natural form, earthquakes take place.

(e) The process of faulting due to severe disturbance on the earth's crust also causes earthquakes, which is the result of surface tension and compression.

(f) The condition of balance does not always exist between the higher and lower parts of the world. When, from oceans on the coastal area, this balance is again deformed.

Question 2. How can a natural disaster such as an earthquake be faced?
Answer: To deal with natural disasters like earthquakes, strong teamwork and help from governments, communities, and individuals are very important. Here are some steps to reduce the impact of an earthquake:
Before the Arrival of Earthquake:
1. Set up seismic instruments to predict earthquakes by studying movements.
2. Carefully check houses and workplaces for any weak structures.
3. Build new structures only on solid ground.
4. Find and fix dangers in homes, neighborhoods, and workplaces.
5. Secure furniture that might fall over to the floor and walls.
6. Move heavy items from high shelves.
7. Move beds away from spots where things could fall.
8. Fasten gas tanks and water heaters to the wall securely.
During an Earthquake:
1. Move away from buildings.
2. Stay calm and quickly think about what to do next.
3. Follow known emergency plans from your family or community.
4. Do a quick check to see if anyone is trapped somewhere.
5. Cooperate fully with civil defense and other public safety authorities. These planned actions can significantly reduce injuries and damage.
In simple words: To deal with earthquakes, we need government, community, and personal efforts. Before an earthquake, prepare your home and know what to do. During an earthquake, stay calm, follow safety plans, and help others.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions on disaster preparedness, categorize actions into 'before' and 'during' phases, providing specific, actionable examples for each.

Question 3. Explain the factors that affect disaster management.
Answer: Several factors influence how well disaster management works. These include:
1. Economic condition: A country's financial strength helps disaster management because it allows access to better resources and equipment. Poor countries struggle more.
2. Positive thinking: During tough times, a positive outlook helps individuals, families, and society recover from difficult situations.
3. Spirit of Cooperation: Disaster management relies on people working together. When everyone cooperates, it becomes much easier to overcome serious problems.
4. Population Density: How many people live in an area greatly affects disaster management. Densely populated areas face bigger challenges.
5. Social honesty and faith: In challenging situations, trust, honesty, and strong community spirit are essential for overcoming disasters.
6. Geographical Conditions: The local climate, land shape, water flow, and soil type all affect disaster management and how rescue operations can be carried out.
7. Availability of the means of transport and communication: Good transportation and communication are vital for effective disaster management. Without them, rescue efforts can fail. All these factors together determine how effective disaster response will be.
In simple words: Many things affect how we manage disasters. These include how rich a country is, how many people live there, if people work together, and if there are good roads and ways to communicate. The local geography and a positive mindset also play a big role in helping communities recover.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down factors into categories like economic, social, and logistical to ensure a comprehensive explanation. Provide a brief detail for each point.

Question 4. Explain the factors responsible for landslide.
Answer: Landslides are caused by a combination of many factors, not just one. These factors can be put into two main groups:
1. Natural factors: These include the type of rocks, how steep the land is, folds in rocks, the amount of rain, and how much plant cover there is. Rocks naturally break down over time (weathering), which makes them prone to landslides. Also, water from streams, rivers, wind, and ice can wash away support from slopes, making landslides happen easily. Most landslides happen in new mountain areas that are still rising, where rocks are weaker and slopes are steep. Heavy rainfall acts like a lubricant, causing rocks to slide down noisy, fast-moving torrents.
2. Man-made factors: Human activities have also increased landslides. Cutting down too many trees for paper, wood, and timber weakens the soil because tree roots lose their grip. Landslides caused by humans can also happen when slopes are changed for farming, building roads, mining, quickly draining dams, or changing irrigation patterns. These human actions often make natural slopes unstable.
In simple words: Landslides happen because of natural reasons like rock types, steep slopes, and heavy rain, which makes the ground weak. Human activities, like cutting down forests and building on slopes, also cause more landslides.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between natural and man-made factors, providing specific examples for each category such as rock structure, rainfall, deforestation, and construction.

Map Based Questions

Question 1. Show the earthquake affected areas on the map of India.
Answer:

In simple words: India has been divided into different zones based on how likely an earthquake is. The map shows areas that have very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk, and very low risk of earthquakes. This helps in planning for safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different earthquake risk zones in India and their geographical distribution, as this information is vital for disaster preparedness.

Question 2. Show the landslide affected areas on the map of India.
Answer:

In simple words: The map of India shows specific areas that are more likely to experience landslides. These 'landslide-prone regions' are often found in mountainous areas where slopes are unstable or rainfall is heavy, making them high-risk zones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the main geographical regions of India that are prone to landslides, often correlating with mountain ranges and high rainfall.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 10 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 3. Which of the following is not an atmospheric disaster:
(a) Tornado
(b) Drought
(c) Thunderstorm
(d) Earthquake
Answer: (d) Earthquake
In simple words: Tornadoes, droughts, and thunderstorms are all weather-related events. Earthquakes happen due to movements inside the Earth, not in the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between atmospheric disasters (weather-related) and geological disasters (earth-related).

Question 4. The point on the ground on which the shock of earthquake is felt firstly is:
(a) Epicenter
(b) Earthquake focus
(c) Earthquake center
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Epicenter
In simple words: The epicenter is the spot on the Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake starts deep underground. This is usually where the shaking feels strongest first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the difference between the 'epicenter' (on the surface) and the 'focus' (underground) of an earthquake.

Question 5. The instrument used to measure earthquake is called:
(a) Heather-graph
(b) Climograph
(c) Argograph
(d) Seismograph
Answer: (d) Seismograph
In simple words: A seismograph is a special tool that scientists use to detect and record the shaking of the Earth during an earthquake. It helps measure how strong the earthquake was.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific instrument used for measuring earthquakes; it is a common factual question.

Question 7. The river on which a temporary lake was made due to landslide in 1971:
(a) Sone
(b) Alaknanda
(c) Kosi
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer: (b) Alaknanda
In simple words: In 1971, a landslide blocked the Alaknanda River, causing a temporary lake to form. This showed how natural events can change river paths.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific events and their locations, like the Alaknanda landslide, are often tested for historical context in geography.

Question 8. Which of the following is the second major landslide center in India?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Great Northern Plains
(c) Himalayan region
(d) Coastal area
Answer: (a) Western Ghats
In simple words: While the Himalayas are well-known for landslides, the Western Ghats also experience many, making them the second most important area for such events in India. Heavy rainfall and steep slopes contribute to this.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify major landslide-prone regions beyond the Himalayas, such as the Western Ghats, noting their geological and climatic characteristics.

Question 9. In which season do more than 90 per cent landslides occur in India?
(a) In summer season
(b) In winter season
(c) In rainy season
(d) In spring season
Answer: (c) In rainy season
In simple words: Most landslides in India happen during the rainy season. Heavy rains make the soil weak and cause it to slide down hills.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the occurrence of landslides directly to the monsoon season in India, highlighting the role of heavy rainfall.

Question 11. The earthquake currents rising in the oceans are called:
(a) Transverse current
(b) Belanchali current
(c) Altitudinal current
(d) Tsunami current
Answer: (d) Tsunami current
In simple words: When earthquakes happen under the ocean, they can create huge waves that travel across the sea. These powerful waves are known as tsunamis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that underwater earthquakes generate tsunamis, which are distinct from regular ocean currents.

Question 12. The place below the earth's surface from where the vibration starts is known as:
(a) Earthquake focus
(b) Earthquake center
(c) Earthquake epicenter
(d) Earthquake centrifugal
Answer: (a) Earthquake focus
In simple words: The 'focus' is the exact spot deep inside the Earth where an earthquake begins. The shaking then spreads out from this point.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish 'focus' as the origin point underground from 'epicenter' as the point directly above it on the surface.

Matching Type Questions

Question A. Match Column A with Column B:

Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (a)
In simple words: To match these, we connect a drought with seasonal changes, a landslide with changes in the land's surface, plague (a disease) with human-caused issues, and vibrations of the earth with how strong an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully read both columns and identify the primary characteristic or classification for each item.

Question B. Match Column A with Column B:

Answer:
(i) – (c)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (e)
(iv) – (a)
(v) – (b)
In simple words: We match the places where earthquakes happened with their correct dates: Jabalpur with 1997, Bhuj with 2001, Chamoli with 1999, Muzzaffarabad with 2005, and Indo-Nenal border with 1988.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the dates of significant historical earthquakes and their locations as these are common recall-based questions.