RBSE Solutions Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Technology with a Human Face

Rbse Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Textual Activities

Activity - 1: Comprehension

Question 1. Does the writer argue convincingly that modern technology has evolved to be more and more inhuman and led to more problems in both rich and poor nations?
क्या लेखक विश्वास के साथ तर्क दे रहे हैं कि आधुनिक तकनीक अधिकाधिक अमानवीय बनकर विकसित हुई है और धनवान व निर्धन राष्ट्रों की समस्या को बढ़ाया ही है?
Answer: Yes, the writer explains well that modern technology has become less human. It does not follow the principle of knowing when to stop. It acts like something foreign and makes people feel weak and suffocated. It has nearly used up resources that cannot be replaced. Modern technology has created more problems, with unemployment reaching 30%. Poverty has not reduced. It needs a huge amount of money to start. People are becoming very worried and anxious.
In simple words: Yes, the writer makes a strong case. Modern technology has become less human, caused many problems like joblessness, poverty, and used up resources, all while needing a lot of money.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing an author's argument, identify the key claims and the evidence or reasoning provided to support them. Use simple language to summarize complex ideas.

Question 2. Explain the writer's concept of 'technology with a human face' and find out how it would tide over the crises of the super-technology of the rich.
लेखक की 'एक मानवीय चेहरे वाली तकनीक की अवधारणा को स्पष्ट करें और पता लगाएं कि यह धनवानों की उत्कृष्ट तकनीक से उत्पन्न संकटों को कैसे दूर करेगी?
Answer: The writer's idea of 'technology with a human face' helps people become much more productive than before. It ensures that human hands and brains are not made useless. This type of technology would solve the problems created by the big, advanced technology of the rich by focusing on "production by the masses." It uses the smart brains and skilled hands of many people, giving them good quality tools to work with.
In simple words: 'Technology with a human face' means using technology that helps people work better without making their skills useless. It solves problems by allowing many people to produce things, using their intelligence and good tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to explain a concept, first define it clearly, then describe its benefits or how it functions in specific situations.

Say whether the following are True or False:

Question. Say whether the following are True or False in the bracket:
(i) The modern world has been shaped by science and technology.
(ii) According to the author, the question of what technology actually does for us is worthy of investigation.
(iii) Modern technology has deprived man of the most creative work.
(iv) A real work has therapeutic value.
(v) The poor of the world, according to Gandhi, can be helped only by production by the masses.
(vi) The writer compares the present consumer society to a drug addict.
Answer:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True
(vi) True
In simple words: All these statements are correct as per the text. They talk about how technology affects society, work, and people.

🎯 Exam Tip: For True/False questions based on a passage, carefully read each statement and compare it with the exact information or ideas presented in the text.

Question 1. Cessation
(a) protection
(b) an end
(c) dominated
(d) involved
Answer: (b) an end
In simple words: Cessation means stopping or coming to an end.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining vocabulary, consider the context in which the word is used in the passage to find the most accurate meaning.

Question 2. inroads
(a) problems
(b) attacking
(c) laying new roads
(d) to use a large part of something
Answer: (b) attacking
In simple words: Inroads refers to an advance or an attack, often into enemy territory or a competitor's market.

🎯 Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, if unsure, try substituting each option into a sentence where the word is used to see which one fits best.

Question 3. alleviate
(a) calculate
(b) condition
(c) increase.
(d) reduce
Answer: (d) reduce
In simple words: To alleviate means to make a problem or pain less severe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on finding synonyms or phrases that mean "to lessen" or "to make better" when encountering words like 'alleviate'.

Question 4. endemic
(a) common
(b) endanger
(c) painful
(d) energise
Answer: (b) endanger
In simple words: Endemic refers to something that is regularly found or common in a particular place or among a specific group of people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that "endemic" means something is regularly found in a place, not necessarily causing danger, so be careful with close-sounding options.

Question 6. literally
(a) realistically
(b) literary
(c) literacy
(d) adequately
Answer: (a) realistically
In simple words: Literally means taking words in their usual, exact sense. Realistically implies dealing with things as they are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to suffixes like "-ly" which indicate adverbs, and match them with appropriate adverbial options.

Question 7. chore
(a) work done regularly
(b) anxiety
(c) violence
(d) symptom
Answer: (a) work done regularly
In simple words: A chore is a routine task, especially a household one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Many common words have specific meanings in different contexts; think of daily tasks when defining "chore."

Question 8. accumulation
(a) accurate
(b) collection
(c) accusing
(d) consideration
Answer: (b) collection
In simple words: Accumulation means the gathering or collection of something over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the root word "accumulate" which means to gather, to link it to the meaning of "collection."

Question 9. foreseen
(a) understand
Answer: (a) understand
In simple words: Foreseen means known or predicted beforehand.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down compound words: "fore-" means before, and "seen" implies observation, leading to the idea of predicting.

Question 10. presupposes
(a) pretends
(b) assumes as truth
(c) considers
(d) preserves
Answer: (b) assumes as truth.
In simple words: To presuppose means to believe something is true or exists as a necessary condition for something else.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for options that imply an underlying assumption or a belief that is taken for granted before an argument begins.

Activity - 3: Grammar

Compare the sentences in each of the following pairs :
Ramesh eats an apple every day.
An apple is eaten by Ramesh every day.
One of the boys saved his son.
His son was saved (by one of the boys.)
He will pay me the money.
I will be paid the money by him.
or
The money will be paid to me by him.

प्रत्येक जोड़े में पहला वाक्य active voice में तथा दूसरा वाक्य passive voice में है। Active voice में grammatical subject (व्याकरणीय कर्ता) कार्य को करने वाला है और वाक्य बताता है कि 'कौन क्या कर रहा है। Passive voice यह बताता है कि वाक्य के subject (कर्ता) के साथ क्या किया गया है। कार्य करने वाला व्यक्ति या वस्तु का उल्लेख हो भी सकता है या नहीं भी हो सकता है किन्तु यह हमेशा अन्तर्निहित होता है।

Active
Ramesh eats an apple every day
Subject Active voice Object

Passive
An apple is eaten every day.
by Ramesh Subject Adverb
Passive voice verb doer or agent adverb Passive voice का प्रयोग मितव्ययता से करें। एक सामान्य नियम यह है कि receiver as verb : be + doer omitted or. subject past participle named after by

→ The windows are cleaned (by someone) every month.
→ The windows were being cleaned yesterday afternoon.
→ The windows will have been cleaned by the end of the day, HEP 4 ta for would, can, could, should, may, might, must it will बदला जा सकता है यदि अर्थ ऐसी माँग करता है। The windows might be cleaned next month. get-passive की दशा में किसी agent की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है।
→ They got married.
→ They were married (by a priest). एक dynamic passive Voice तथा एक stative passive voice में अंतर को ध्यान से देखें। एक dynamic passive में action होता है तथा stative passive में state (स्थिति) होती

Dynamic The letter was written on February 1, 2004
Passive When was this house constructed?
Stative Your Shirt is torn.
Passive My heart is broken.

अभिव्यक्तियाँ जैसे He was born in 1947. She is finished. He is drunk. आदि idiomatic मानी जाती हैं क्योंकि इनमें न तो agent का प्रयोग है व न ही object-subject सम्बन्ध है। वैज्ञानिक लेखन में, passive voice को प्रधानता दी जाती है ताकि objective प्रक्रियाओं को इंगित किया जा सके। वैज्ञानिक तथा अभियंता आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण में रुचि रखते हैं तथा उन चीजों का अध्ययन करने में रुचि रखते हैं जो अनुसंधानकर्ता दोहरा न सके। अतः व्यक्तिगत परीक्षण अपेक्षाकृत महत्त्वहीन है और अक्सर वाक्य को subject नहीं होता है।

→ The experiment was conducted in a classroom. Participants were instructed to remove their watches prior to the experiment. Passive voice

का अत्यधिक प्रयोग न करें। आपका लेखन स्पष्ट व प्रभावी होगा यदि आप कर्ता का नाम लिखते हैं और verb को active voice में प्रयोग करते हैं यह बताने के लिए कि 'कौन क्या कर रहा है। यदि आप passive voice का अत्यधिक प्रयोग करते हैं तो परिणाम होगा कि वाक्य नीरस व अवैयक्तिक हो जायेंगे।

Unnecessary He was alerted to the danger of drugs by his doctor and Passive
Passive was persuaded by her to enrol in a treatment programme.
Revised His doctor alerted him to the danger of drugs and
persuaded him to enrol in a treatment programme.

Question. Exercise A. Mahesh was given the following oral instructions/information at the time he opened an R.D. account in a post office. Can you rewrite these in the form in which they would be found in a passbook supplied by the post office. The first is done as an example.
1. We accept recurring deposits in equal monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples. Recurring deposits are accepted in monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples.
2. The depositor should, at the time of opening the account, stipulate both the amount of monthly instalment and the number of instalments payable.
3. The depositor can make deposits by way of cash or by mail transfer.
4. The depositor must pay the instalment for any calendar month on or before the last working day of the month.
5. We will not make repayment of the deposit without production of the passbook.
6. You can transfer a Recurring Deposit account from one branch to another.
7. The Post office will repay the balance in the account together with the interest accrued one month after you pay the last instalment.
Answer:
1. Recurring deposits are accepted in monthly instalments of Rs. 100/- or its multiples.
In simple words: This exercise shows how official instructions from a post office, given verbally, are written down formally in a passbook. Only the first example's answer is provided.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting informal instructions to formal text, use clear, precise language and the appropriate tone for an official document like a passbook.

Question. B. Put the following sentences into passive voice :
निम्न वाक्यों को passive voice में बदलें
1. We sell eggs here.
2. He paid ten rupees to each worker.
3. I have given him a beautiful gift.
4. Someone will send you a complete list.
5. Where did you find this ring?
6. Do you allow children here?
Answer:
1. Eggs are sold here.
2. Ten rupees were paid to each worker by him.
3. He was given a beautiful gift by me.
or
A beautiful gift was given to him by me.
4. A complete list will be sent to you.
or
You will be sent a complete list.
5. Where was this ring found (by you)?
6. Are children allowed here (by you)?
In simple words: To change a sentence to passive voice, make the object of the active sentence the subject, and use a form of "to be" with the past participle of the main verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include the "by [agent]" phrase in passive voice if the doer of the action is important, but it can be omitted if the doer is unknown or unimportant.

Activity - 4: Speech Activity

Write an imaginary argumentative conversation between a friend and you who have diametrically opposite views on technology, one supporting high-technology and the other production by masses.
एक काल्पनिक तार्किक वार्तालाप लिखिए जो आपके व आपके मित्र के बीच है जो तकनीक पर आपसे बिल्कुल विपरीत विचार रखता है, एक उत्कृष्ट-तकनीक को तथा दूसरा अधिसंख्य लोगों द्वारा उत्पादन को समर्थन देता हुआ तर्क दे।

Activity - 5: Composition

Question. Taking a stand against the writer's anti-technological perception, write an essay establishing that all nations, irrespective of their economic status, should possess super-technology rather than people's technology.
लेखक के तकनीक-विरोधी दृष्टिकोण के विरुद्ध एक पक्ष लेते हुए एक निबंध ध यह ार स्थापित करते हुए लिखें कि सभी राष्ट्र, अपनी आर्थिक स्थिति से हटकर उत्कृष्ट-तकनीक को अपनाएँ बजाय लोक तकनीक के।
Answer: It is important for all nations, rich or poor, to have super-technology, not just technology for the masses. This is the era of science and technology. Scientists globally are constantly improving current technology. Every country should aim for advanced technology. Super-technology is essential for progress. It has brought us amazing home and office devices like televisions, washing machines, microwaves, air conditioners, water purifiers, and mobile phones. Super-technology has also advanced space and defense, making interplanetary travel possible and allowing multiple satellite launches and anti-missile systems. It helps in health and education with computerized tests, diagnoses, and satellite-based learning. Trade, business, and industry all depend on this technology. Almost every area of life uses it today.
In simple words: All countries should use super-technology, not just simple technology, because it's the age of science. This advanced technology has given us many useful things for daily life, medicine, education, and defense, and it is needed for future progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing an argumentative essay, clearly state your position, provide multiple examples and reasons to support it, and use persuasive language.

Rbse Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 8 Additional Questions

Short Answer Type Questions (Word Limit : 10-15 Words)

Question 2. Which principle does technology not recognise?
तकनीक, किस सिद्धान्त का पालन नहीं करती है?
Answer: Technology does not recognise principles like self-limit, self-balancing, self-adjusting, or self-cleansing.
In simple words: Technology does not naturally know when to stop, balance itself, or clean up its own problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about principles, list the specific ideas mentioned in the text rather than giving a general answer.

Question 3. Why does the writer call this development tempestuous?
लेखक, इस विकास को तूफानी क्यों कहते हैं?
Answer: The writer calls it tempestuous because problems seem to grow faster than solutions everywhere.
In simple words: The writer calls development stormy because problems keep appearing quicker than we can solve them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the descriptive word (tempestuous) directly to the consequence or observation provided in the text for a complete answer.

Question 4. What is the primary task of technology?
तकनीक का प्रमुख कार्य क्या है?
Answer: The primary task of technology is to lighten the burden of work and develop human potential.
In simple words: Technology's main job is to make work easier and help people use their abilities more.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify two core functions mentioned in the text to fully answer what technology's main purpose is.

Question 5. In which type of work is modern technology most successful?
किस प्रकार के कार्य में आधुनिक तकनीक सर्वाधिक सफल रही है?
Answer: Modern technology is most successful in reducing or eliminating skilled, productive work done by human hands.
In simple words: Modern technology works best at taking away or getting rid of jobs that need human skill and hands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be specific about the *kind* of work affected (skilled, productive work by human hands) as highlighted in the passage.

Question 6. What does the writer mean by 'total social time'?
'कुल समाज समय से लेखक का क्या आशय है?
Answer: The writer means the total time spent by society on sleeping, eating, watching TV, indirectly productive jobs, or simply passing time.
In simple words: 'Total social time' means all the time people in society spend on daily activities like sleeping, eating, watching TV, and other ways of using their time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining terms, break them down into the specific components or activities that define them in the context of the text.

Question 8. Which kind of work has modern technology given to man?
किस प्रकार के काम आधुनिक तकनीक ने मानव को दिये हैं?
Answer: Modern technology has given people many small, broken-up tasks to do.
In simple words: Modern technology has given people many small, disconnected jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific characteristic of the work modern technology provides (fragmented, broken-up) as described in the passage.

Question 9. What is the percentage of directly productive time?
प्रत्यक्ष उत्पादनकारी समय का प्रतिशत क्या है?
Answer: The percentage of directly productive time is 3.5% of the total social time.
In simple words: Only 3.5% of all the time in society is used for directly making things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always include the specific number or percentage when the question asks for a quantitative fact.

Question 10. What is now the rarest privilege?
आज दुर्लभ अधिकार क्या है?
Answer: To work usefully and creatively with one's own hands and brain is now the rarest privilege.
In simple words: The most special thing now is to do meaningful and creative work using your own hands and mind.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the two main aspects of this privilege: useful and creative work, done personally with hands and brain.

Question 11. What is not romantic and utopian here?
यहाँ क्या कल्पित एवं आदर्श नहीं है?
Answer: What we have today in modern industrial society is not romantic and utopian.
In simple words: The current state of our modern industrial world is not a dream-like, perfect situation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state what aspect of modern society the passage describes as being neither idealistic nor fanciful.

Question 13. From what does the writer compare the present consumer society?
लेखक वर्तमान उपभोक्ता समाज की किससे तुलना करता है?
Answer: The writer compares the present consumer society with a drug addict.
In simple words: The writer says today's consumer society is like a person addicted to drugs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific analogy used by the author, as comparisons often convey a deeper message about a topic.

Question 14. What is like a providential blessing?
क्या बात दैवीय आशीर्वाद के समान है?
Answer: The rich countries are trying to reduce the poverty in the Third World. This effort is like a providential blessing.
In simple words: When rich countries try to help poor countries reduce poverty, it feels like a divine blessing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the specific action (rich countries helping poor ones) to the figurative description (providential blessing) to show understanding.

Question 15. How according to Gandhi can the poor be helped?
गाँधी के अनुसार गरीबों की सहायता कैसे की जा सकती है?
Answer: According to Gandhi, the poor can be helped through "production by the masses."
In simple words: Gandhi believed that many people producing goods themselves is the way to help the poor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote or accurately summarize key phrases (like "production by the masses") when citing a specific figure's views.