RBSE Solutions Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Environment Pollution

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Which of the following functions does environment perform?
(a) Providing necessary biotic, physical and chemical arrangements for life.
(b) Providing necessary raw materials for production.
(c) Absorbing waste materials.
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: The environment does many things for us. It gives us everything needed for life, provides raw materials for making things, and also takes in our waste. So, all these options are correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: When faced with "All of these" as an option, carefully check if all individual options are indeed correct functions before selecting it.

Question 2. Which of the following gases is not a cause of air pollution?
(a) Loading [MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js
Answer: The options for this question are missing from the source material, hence the question cannot be answered.
In simple words: This question cannot be answered because the list of gas options is not fully given.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure all options are visible before attempting to answer a multiple-choice question. If options are missing, state that the question is incomplete.

Question 3. Which is the major air polluting gas at present?
(a) Carbon Monoxide
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Methane
Answer: (b) Carbon dioxide
In simple words: Carbon dioxide is the main gas causing air pollution right now. It is a big reason for climate change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that while many gases cause pollution, carbon dioxide is currently the most significant for overall air quality and global warming.

Question 4. Which gas is responsible for the depletion of ozone layer?
(a) Chloroflorocarbon
(b) Hexaflurocarbon
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Sulphur dioxide
Answer: (a) Chloroflorocarbon
In simple words: Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are the main gases that break down the ozone layer. This layer protects us from harmful sun rays.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to know the specific pollutants that affect different parts of the environment, such as CFCs for the ozone layer.

Question 5. Which of the following is a polluting activity?
(a) Dependence on thermal energy sources
(b) Increasing number of vehicles
(c) Increasing use of chemicals in agriculture
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: All the listed activities, like relying on thermal energy, having more vehicles, and using more farm chemicals, cause pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Environmental pollution often comes from multiple sources, so consider all potential impacts when evaluating activities.

Question 6. In which year did the study “Our Common Future” (Brutland Report) of World Commission on the Environment and Development come?
(a) Loading [MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js
Answer: The options for this question are missing from the source material, hence the question cannot be answered.
In simple words: This question is incomplete because the list of years is missing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state if a question is incomplete due to missing information, rather than guessing or leaving it blank.

Question 7. To what is "Montreal Protocol" related?
(a) Prevention of ozone depletion
(b) Preventing the increase in earth's temperature
(c) Prevention of loss of bio-diversity
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Prevention of ozone depletion
In simple words: The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by reducing harmful chemicals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key international environmental agreements like the Montreal Protocol and their specific goals is crucial for economics and environmental studies.

Question 8. To what is "Kyoto Protocol” related?
(a) Preventing the increase in earth's temperature
(b) Prevention of loss of bio-diversity
(c) Controlling ozone depletion
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Preventing the increase in earth's temperature
In simple words: The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to slow down the rise in Earth's temperature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the Montreal Protocol (ozone) and the Kyoto Protocol (global warming) as they address different environmental issues.

Question 9. An environment conference held under the aegis of United Nations Organization in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, was held in which year?
(a) 1980
(b) 1987
(c) 1992
(d) 1965
Answer: (c) 1992
In simple words: The big environmental meeting in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, organized by the United Nations, happened in 1992. This meeting focused on sustainable development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key dates for important environmental conferences, like the Earth Summit in Rio, are often asked in exams.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write the names of two gases responsible for air pollution.
Answer: Chloro-floro-carbon and Carbon dioxide are two gases responsible for air pollution.
In simple words: Two gases that cause air pollution are CFCs and carbon dioxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for examples, always provide specific, correct ones. Common air pollutants are good to remember.

Question 3. Write any two reasons responsible for air pollution.
Answer:
1. Combustion from industries.
2. Vehicular emissions.
In simple words: Two main causes of air pollution are burning fuels in factories and smoke from vehicles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on primary sources like industries and vehicles when discussing causes of air pollution.

Question 4. Write the names of two gases responsible for increase in earth's temperature.
Answer: Carbon dioxide and Carbon monoxide.
In simple words: Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are two gases that make the Earth's temperature rise.

🎯 Exam Tip: These gases are often called greenhouse gases, and their increase leads to global warming.

Question 5. Write the names of two gases responsible for acid rain.
Answer:
1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Nitric dioxide.
In simple words: Sulphur dioxide and nitric dioxide are two gases that cause acid rain when they mix with water in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that sulphur and nitrogen oxides are the primary culprits behind acid rain.

Question 6. Write any two causes of soil pollution.
Answer:
1. Cutting of forests.
2. Excessive animal grazing.
In simple words: Cutting down forests and too much animal grazing are two things that cause soil pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: List simple and direct actions that lead to soil degradation, like deforestation and overgrazing.

Question 7. Give any two reasons for loss of biodiversity.
Answer:
1. Soil pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Air pollution.
In simple words: Soil, water, and air pollution are all reasons why we are losing different kinds of plants and animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect different types of pollution to the broader impact on biodiversity, as all affect living organisms.

Question 9. Write the names of two global conference declarations (protocols) for controlling environmental pollution.
Answer:
1. A conference on global warming was organized in Kyoto city of Japan in 1997.
2. In Rio De Janeiro in 2012.
In simple words: Two important meetings about controlling pollution were held in Kyoto, Japan (1997), and Rio De Janeiro, Brazil (2012).

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing global conferences, include both the name of the place and the year for full marks.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is meant by environment?
Answer: The environment means all the physical, chemical, and living factors that affect an organism or a group of living things. It includes things like climate, soil, and all living beings, which together shape life and its survival.
In simple words: The environment is everything around us – the air, soil, water, plants, and animals – all working together to create life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define environment by including both its living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components and their interaction.

Question 2. What is meant by environment pollution?
Answer: Environment pollution happens when harmful or too many unwanted substances enter the natural environment. These substances cause bad changes to the environment.
In simple words: Environmental pollution is when bad things get into nature and cause harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: A simple definition of pollution involves the introduction of contaminants that lead to adverse changes in the environment.

Question 3. Write the main kinds of environment pollution.
Answer: The main kinds of environmental pollution are:
1. Soil pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Air pollution.
In simple words: The main types of pollution are soil, water, and air pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list the primary categories of pollution clearly and concisely when asked.

Question 4. What is air pollution? Define it.
Answer: Air pollution happens when dangerous or too many substances, like gases, tiny particles, and biological tiny bits, are released into the Earth's air. These substances can harm people's health and the entire planet.
In simple words: Air pollution is when bad things get into the air, making it unhealthy for people and the Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining air pollution, mention both the substances (gases, particulates, molecules) and their negative impact on health and the planet.

Question 5. What do you understand by loss of bio-diversity?
Answer: Bio-diversity is a very important resource for the Earth. Each living thing has its own unique genetic makeup. The existence of many different types of plants, animals, and tiny organisms forms the basis of biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity means losing these important natural varieties.
In simple words: Loss of biodiversity means losing the many different types of plants, animals, and tiny living things that make up life on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the variety of life forms (plants, animals, microorganisms) and their unique genetic structures when explaining biodiversity.

Question 6. Define soil pollution.
Answer: The top thin layer of soil on Earth is very important for life. Soil pollution is any bad physical, chemical, or biological change in this soil layer.
In simple words: Soil pollution is when the top layer of earth gets harmed by bad physical, chemical, or living changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that soil pollution refers to adverse changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil.

Question 7. What is meant by sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development means growing and improving in a way that meets our needs today without stopping future generations from meeting their own needs.
In simple words: Sustainable development means using resources now without harming what future generations will need.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core idea of sustainable development is balancing present needs with the needs of the future.

Question 8. What is Montreal Protocol?
Answer: The Montreal Protocol is a worldwide agreement that was finalized in 1987. Its goal is to protect the ozone layer high in the sky by slowly stopping the making and use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
In simple words: The Montreal Protocol is a global agreement from 1987 to stop using chemicals that harm the ozone layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key details for the Montreal Protocol include its year (1987) and its purpose (protecting the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out ODS).

Question 9. What is Kyoto Protocol?
Answer: The options for this question are missing from the source material, hence the question cannot be answered.
In simple words: This question cannot be answered as the information needed to explain the Kyoto Protocol is not provided here.

🎯 Exam Tip: If a definition or explanation is expected for a protocol, provide the year and its main objective, similar to the Montreal Protocol explanation. If content is missing, state it directly.

Question 10. What is meant by strong sustainability?
Answer: Strong sustainability is the basic condition and core idea for any human progress, whether it's social, economic, or technological. It means we must keep all natural ecological systems in the biosphere fully intact and healthy.
In simple words: Strong sustainability means we must protect all natural systems completely, as they are the base for all human progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: Strong sustainability emphasizes preserving natural capital and ecological integrity as a fundamental requirement for development.

Question 11. Write any four causes of soil pollution.
Answer:
1. Cutting of forests.
2. Excessive animal grazing.
3. Use of agricultural chemicals.
4. Rapid water run-off.
In simple words: Four causes of soil pollution are cutting down trees, too many animals eating grass, using many farm chemicals, and water running off quickly from the land.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing causes, ensure they are distinct and directly contribute to the type of pollution specified.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write the functions of environment.
Answer: Environment performs four main functions for life:
1. First, it gives us the necessary living, physical, and chemical systems needed for life to exist. This includes things like the air we breathe, rivers, rich soil, and all kinds of animals and plants. Problems like ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect, air and water pollution, and less fertile soil are greatly harming these life conditions.
2. Second, the environment provides resources for production and economic activities. Natural resources can be renewable (like trees, which can grow again) or non-renewable (like coal, which cannot). If we use renewable resources too much, they can disappear. Non-renewable resources are limited, so we must use them wisely because they can run out.
In simple words: The environment provides life support systems, raw materials for economy, and helps clean up waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing environmental functions, remember to cover life support, resource provision, and waste absorption, explaining how human activities impact each.

Question 2. Discuss the forms, causes and consequences of air pollution.
Answer:
**Meaning of Air pollution:**
Air pollution happens when harmful or too many substances, like gases, tiny particles, and biological bits, are released into the Earth's air. These substances can harm people's health and the planet.

**Cause of Air pollution:**
Gases released from thermal power plants, factories, and vehicles become very concentrated in some areas. These gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide. The fast increase in vehicles, factories not using proper pollution control, and a lot of energy coming from thermal power make this problem much worse. Vehicles contribute the most to this pollution.

**Conclusion:**
More air pollution leads to acid rain. Gases from industrial production, like sulphur dioxide, nitric dioxide, and carbon dioxide, go into the air. They form sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and carbolic acid, which then fall to Earth with rain. This acid rain pollutes water sources, harms plant and animal life, damages buildings, and reduces soil fertility. So, we need to control these gas emissions to lower the acidity in the environment.
In simple words: Air pollution is bad things in the air. It's caused by factories and cars releasing gases. This causes acid rain, which harms water, plants, animals, buildings, and soil, so we must stop these gases.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a comprehensive answer, break it down into definition, causes, and consequences, providing specific examples for each section.

Question 3. Explain the types of pollution.
Answer: Following are the types of pollution :
* **Air pollution :**
Air pollution happens when harmful or too many substances, including gases, tiny particles, and biological tiny bits, are released into the Earth's air. These substances can harm people's health and the entire planet.
* **Water pollution :**
Activities that spoil the quality of clean water and reduce its supply are called water pollution. Water gets polluted when industrial waste mixes with clean water sources, farm chemicals dissolve in water, there's no proper way to get rid of solid waste, and radioactive materials dissolve in water.
* **Soil pollution :**
The upper thin layer of soil on the Earth's surface is precious for life. Soil pollution is any bad physical, chemical, or biological change in this soil layer.
* **Loss of Bio-diversity :**
Biodiversity is a very important resource for the Earth. Each living thing has its own unique genetic makeup. The existence of many different types of plants, animals, and tiny organisms forms the basis of biodiversity.
* **Solid waste management :**
Materials left in a messy way in wrong places, which could be used again, but block how the environment works, are called solid waste. Leftover materials from producing nuclear energy are included in nuclear waste.
* **Noise pollution :**
Unusual and loud sound is called noise. The loudness of sound is measured in decibels. A normal talk has a sound intensity of 40-60 decibels. Loud sound is also bad for human health. Noise pollution can be controlled by making rules and laws, changing technology, and changing human behavior.
In simple words: Pollution comes in many forms: air, water, soil, noise, and solid waste. Losing biodiversity is also a type of environmental harm. Each type has different causes and effects.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing types of pollution, define each clearly and briefly, outlining its key characteristics and impacts.

Question 4. What are the causes of environmental pollution?
Answer: Causes of environmental pollution are :
1. Industries are growing fast, and factories often fail to use proper systems to control pollution.
2. Forests are being destroyed, which means fewer trees are planted, and too many animals eat the grass.
3. The amount of carbon released into the air is increasing because there are more vehicles and they release more gases.
4. People are using more chemical fertilizers and insecticides, and there's no proper way to manage irrigation or agricultural waste.
5. There is a lack of proper systems to manage solid waste.
6. We rely too much on thermal power plants for energy.
7. We use non-renewable natural resources too much and renewable ones don't grow back enough.
8. People are not thinking about the environmental dangers of losing biodiversity.
9. Developed countries are not committed enough to reducing carbon emissions.
In simple words: Pollution is caused by fast-growing industries, cutting down forests, more vehicle emissions, using too many farm chemicals, poor waste management, relying on thermal power, overusing non-renewable resources, and a lack of global commitment to environmental protection.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good answer lists diverse causes, covering industrial, agricultural, lifestyle (vehicles, energy), and policy-related factors of pollution.

Question 5. Give suggestions for controlling environmental pollution.
Answer: Suggestions for controlling environmental pollution are :
1. We should control pollution by using proper pollution control systems, using fuel efficiently, and managing solid waste correctly.
2. We should plant more trees, control excessive grazing by animals, and use social forestry programs to increase forest areas.
3. We need to develop effective energy programs to prevent global warming.
4. We should use organic fertilizers and biological pesticides instead of chemical ones in farming, and use efficient irrigation systems.
5. Controlling population growth is important so that fewer people rely on limited natural resources.
6. Environmental protection concerns should be included in plans to reduce poverty.
7. Industrial and nuclear waste must be disposed of properly.
8. We need to expand efficient energy systems and use more clean energy sources like wind, solar, and tidal energy.
9. We should look for alternatives to non-renewable natural resources and ensure renewable resources can regenerate enough.
10. Rich countries should promise to control carbon emissions and share clean technology with developing countries.
In simple words: To control pollution, we need better waste and fuel management, more trees, less grazing, organic farming, population control, clean energy, and global efforts to reduce emissions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a mix of practical, policy-based, and technological solutions when suggesting ways to control environmental pollution.

Question 6. What is meant by sustainable development? Why is it necessary?
Answer: Sustainable development means developing and growing in a way that meets the needs of people today without making it harder for future generations to meet their own needs. It is the guiding principle for reaching human development goals while also keeping natural systems healthy enough to provide resources and ecosystem services that society needs. The aim is to create a society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without harming the integrity and stability of the natural system.

It is necessary because: Using renewable resources must be done without lowering their current levels. For example, trees should be planted as they are used. Non-renewable resources should not be used more than what alternative options can provide. Population growth should match the availability of natural capital; too many people will hurt our ability to meet future needs.

Also, using environment-friendly energy sources like wind, solar, and biogas, and developing small hydro plants, should be done quickly. This is because burning coal and petrol for electricity is reducing their availability and causing pollution. These harmful materials then enter our food and water through farming.
In simple words: Sustainable development means meeting today's needs without harming future generations' ability to meet theirs. It's needed to preserve resources, protect the environment from pollution, and ensure long-term well-being for all.

🎯 Exam Tip: For this question, define sustainable development and then clearly explain its necessity by linking it to resource management, population impact, and pollution control.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Objective Type Questions

Question 1. How many functions does Environment perform?
(a) Four
(b) Five
(c) Six
(d) Three
Answer: (a) Four
In simple words: The environment performs four main functions to support life on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the four key functions: providing life support, offering resources, assimilating waste, and enhancing quality of life.

Question 2. What was the number of of motor vehicles in 1951?
(a) 5 lakh
(b) 3 lakh
(c) 10 lakh
(d) 4 lakh
Answer: (b) 3 lakh
In simple words: In the year 1951, there were 3 lakh motor vehicles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific data and historical figures, as they are often tested in economics and environmental studies.

Question 4. At what height is the concentration of ozone found in the atmosphere?
(a) 20-60 km
(b) 40-60 km
(c) 60-80 km
(d) 20-40 km
Answer: (a) 20-60 km
In simple words: The ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful rays, is mostly concentrated at a height of 20 to 60 kilometers in the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the altitude range of the ozone layer is a basic geographical and environmental fact.

Question 5. When was the conference on global warming organized in Kyoto city of Japan?
(a) 1997
(b) 1999
(c) 2001
(d) 2003
Answer: (a) 1997
In simple words: The important conference about global warming in Kyoto, Japan, took place in 1997.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates for major environmental conferences like the Kyoto Protocol are important to remember.

Question 6. What affects the ozone layer?
(a) CO2
(b) CFC
(c) O2
(d) Carbon monoxide
Answer: (b) CFC
In simple words: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the chemicals that harm the ozone layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between common pollutants and those specifically responsible for ozone depletion, such as CFCs.

Question 7. When was Central Pollution Board established in India?
(a) 1978
(b) Loading [MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js
Answer: The options for this question are missing from the source material, hence the question cannot be answered.
In simple words: The options for this question are not provided, so it cannot be answered.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always make sure all options are provided for multiple-choice questions. If not, state that the question is incomplete.

Question 8. How many regional offices does Central Pollution Board have?
(a) 7
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) 5
Answer: (a) 7
In simple words: The Central Pollution Control Board has 7 regional offices across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific organizational details, like the number of regional offices, can be important factual knowledge.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the study of the relationship between biotic and a biotic components called?
Answer: Environment.
In simple words: The study of how living and non-living things interact is called environmental study.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "environment" broadly covers the interactions between living and non-living elements.

Question 2. What are included in biotic components?
Answer: Various types of plants, animals, humans, micro-organisms, etc.
In simple words: Biotic components include all living things like plants, animals, people, and tiny organisms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish biotic (living) from abiotic (non-living) components of the environment.

Question 3. What are included in abiotic components?
Answer: Water, Air, Soil, Sunlight etc.
In simple words: Abiotic components are non-living things like water, air, soil, and sunlight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide clear examples for both biotic and abiotic components to show understanding.

Question 4. Environment is the study of relationship of what?
Answer: Between biotic and abiotic components.
In simple words: Environment is the study of how living and non-living parts interact with each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reinforce that the environment involves the relationship and interaction between its living and non-living elements.

Question 5. What does Environment provided for productive and economic activities.
Answer: Forest area.
In simple words: The environment provides forest areas for production and economic activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on natural resources provided by the environment that directly contribute to economic activities.

Question 7. State the names of two diseases caused by air pollution.
Answer:
1. Slow movement of heart beat.
2. Insomnia.
In simple words: Air pollution can cause problems like a slow heartbeat and trouble sleeping (insomnia).

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific health problems directly linked to air pollution for a clear answer.

Question 8. What was the number of motor vehicles in 2003?
Answer: 67 crore.
In simple words: In 2003, there were 67 crore motor vehicles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurate recall of statistical data points is important for specific questions like this.

Question 9. How many countries have accepted the Kyoto Protocol?
Answer: 169 countries.
In simple words: 169 countries have agreed to the Kyoto Protocol to fight global warming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of signatory countries for major international agreements can be a useful fact.

Question 10. State one measure to control air pollution.
Answer: Lessening the dependence on thermal power plants.
In simple words: One way to control air pollution is to use less power from thermal plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on solutions that reduce the source of pollution, such as shifting from fossil fuels.

Question 11. When was Montreal agreement signed?
Answer: In 1987.
In simple words: The Montreal agreement was signed in the year 1987.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1987 for the Montreal Protocol, as it's a key date in environmental history.

Question 12. What does environment provided for productive and economic activities?
Answer: The options for this question are missing from the source material, hence the question cannot be answered.
In simple words: The options for this question are not provided, so it cannot be answered.

🎯 Exam Tip: If options are missing from a question, it is best to state that the question is incomplete rather than attempting to guess.

Question 14. When is the Ozone Day celebrated?
Answer: Ozone Day is celebrated on September 16th.
In simple words: Every year, September 16th is observed as Ozone Day to raise awareness about protecting the ozone layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific dates for important environmental observances as they are common general knowledge questions.

Question 15. When will the production and consumption of Hailono stop completely?
Answer: The production and consumption of Hailono were planned to stop completely by 2010.
In simple words: The use and making of Hailono, a harmful substance, was set to end by the year 2010.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of historical dates and targets for environmental agreements, especially those related to harmful substances like Hailono.

Question 16. According to Indian Government, what is the amount of nutritional elements that get depleted every year due to land erosion?
Answer: According to the Indian Government, between 5.08 million and 8.4 million tons of nutritional elements are lost each year due to land erosion.
In simple words: India loses many tons of important soil nutrients every year because the land gets eroded away.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about specific figures, try to remember the range or approximate value to show detailed knowledge.

Question 17. What is the cause of acid rain?
Answer: Acid rain is caused by an increase in air pollution.
In simple words: When the air gets too polluted, it leads to acid rain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the direct link between pollutants and their environmental effects. Air pollution directly causes acid rain.

Question 18. What is affected by water pollution?
Answer: Water pollution negatively affects both the animal kingdom and the vegetation kingdom.
In simple words: Dirty water harms all living things, including plants and animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think broadly about the impact of pollution; it often affects multiple parts of an ecosystem, not just one.

Question 19. Soil lacks in which nutrient elements?
Answer:
In simple words: The question asks about which important food elements are missing from the soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding soil nutrients is key to agriculture. Common deficiencies include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Question 21. State one measure to check in soil pollution.
Answer: One measure to control soil pollution is by planting more trees.
In simple words: Planting trees helps reduce soil pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Tree planting is a simple yet effective solution for many environmental problems, including soil protection.

Question 22. Why is bio-diversity important? State one reason.
Answer: Biodiversity is important because it is essential for the ecological system to function well.
In simple words: Having many different kinds of life is good for how nature works.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the interconnectedness of species and their role in maintaining healthy ecosystems.

Question 23. State one reason for depletion of bio-diversity.
Answer: One reason for the depletion of biodiversity is excessive exploitation of natural resources.
In simple words: Taking too much from nature causes many different types of plants and animals to decrease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on human activities like over-harvesting or over-hunting as major drivers of biodiversity loss.

Question 24. State one effort for solid waste management.
Answer: One effort for solid waste management is to ensure proper arrangements for waste disposal in residential areas.
In simple words: We need good systems to get rid of trash correctly in our neighborhoods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proper waste disposal prevents pollution and helps maintain cleanliness, which is a foundational aspect of environmental health.

Question 25. What is unusual and loud sound called?
Answer: Unusual and loud sound is called noise.
In simple words: Sound that is too loud or not normal is called noise.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define environmental terms clearly and concisely. Noise is a form of pollution when it becomes unwanted or harmful.

Question 26. What should be the adequate range of the sound produced in a normal conversation?
Answer: The adequate range for sound produced in a normal conversation is considered to be between 40 and 60 decibels.
In simple words: A regular talk should be around 40 to 60 units of sound (decibels).

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing typical decibel levels for common sounds helps understand what constitutes excessive noise pollution.

Question 28. A sound of more than how many decibels is considered to be harmful?
Answer: A sound of more than 90 decibels is considered to be harmful.
In simple words: If a sound is louder than 90 units, it can hurt your ears.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the thresholds for noise pollution that can cause damage to human health.

Question 29. State any one reason of Environmental pollution.
Answer: One reason for environmental pollution is the increasing number of motor vehicles.
In simple words: More cars on the road cause more environmental pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect population growth and technological advancements (like more vehicles) to their environmental consequences.

Question 30. State one aim of sustainable development.
Answer: One aim of sustainable development is to fully eradicate all types of poverty.
In simple words: A goal of sustainable development is to get rid of poverty everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sustainable development is not just about the environment; it also includes social and economic goals like poverty reduction.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the foremost function of environment?
Answer: The foremost function of the environment is to provide the necessary biotic, physical, and chemical systems that are essential for life to exist.
In simple words: The main job of the environment is to give us everything living and non-living that we need to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the fundamental role of the environment in sustaining all forms of life, including providing resources and conditions.

Question 2. What provides the necessary ways for life?
Answer: The environment provides the necessary conditions and resources for life to exist.
In simple words: The natural world gives us what we need to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reinforce that the environment offers the basic support system for all living organisms.

Question 3. What produces the most air pollution?
Answer: Motor vehicles produce the most air pollution.
In simple words: Cars and other vehicles are the biggest cause of dirty air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key sources of pollution. Vehicle emissions are a major contributor to air quality issues in urban areas.

Question 5. Asphyxia, Insomnia and restlessness diseases are mostly caused by what?
Answer: Asphyxia, insomnia, and restlessness are diseases mostly caused by air pollution.
In simple words: Breathing problems, trouble sleeping, and feeling restless can often be caused by dirty air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific health problems directly to the type of pollution that causes them.

Question 6. Why do ultraviolet rays of the sun come directly towards the earth?
Answer: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun come directly towards the Earth due to the depletion of the ozone layer.
In simple words: When the ozone layer gets thin, more harmful UV rays from the sun reach us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the protective role of the ozone layer and the danger posed by its thinning.

Question 7. What absorbs the ultraviolet rays coming from the sun?
Answer: The ozone layer absorbs the ultraviolet rays coming from the sun.
In simple words: The ozone layer acts like a shield, soaking up the sun's harmful UV rays.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the function of the ozone layer in filtering out dangerous solar radiation.

Question 8. Which countries did not accept the Kyoto protocol?
Answer: America and Australia did not accept the Kyoto Protocol.
In simple words: The United States and Australia did not agree to the Kyoto Protocol.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of which major countries have not signed or ratified important international environmental agreements.

Question 9. State one impact of greenhouse effect.
Answer: One impact of the greenhouse effect is the increasing average temperature of the Earth.
In simple words: The greenhouse effect makes the Earth's average temperature go up.

🎯 Exam Tip: The most significant and widely recognized impact of the greenhouse effect is global warming, leading to rising temperatures.

Question 10. State two measures to control air pollution.
Answer: Two measures to control air pollution are:
1. Using clean fuel.
2. Lessening the dependence on thermal power plants.
In simple words: To make the air cleaner, we should use fuels that pollute less and rely less on power plants that burn fossil fuels.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing control measures, provide practical and distinct actions that can be taken.

Question 12. What is the affect on soil due to soil pollution?
Answer: Soil pollution reduces the productivity of the soil, meaning it becomes less fertile and useful.
In simple words: When soil gets polluted, it cannot grow as much food as before.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how pollution directly impacts resource quality, such as soil fertility.

Question 13. State two measures to control soil pollution.
Answer: Two measures to control soil pollution are:
1. By adopting an appropriate water drainage system.
2. Properly utilizing water.
In simple words: To stop soil pollution, we need good ways to drain water and use water wisely.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proper water management is crucial for preventing soil degradation and the spread of pollutants.

Question 14. What is bio diversity?
Answer: Biodiversity refers to the existence of various types of plants, animals, humans, and micro-organisms.
In simple words: Biodiversity is simply all the different kinds of life forms, like plants, animals, and tiny germs, that live on Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define biodiversity by mentioning the variety of life at different levels, from species to ecosystems.

Question 15. State two measures for solid waste management.
Answer: Two measures for solid waste management are:
1. To have proper arrangements for waste disposal in residential areas.
2. To release waste disposals from hospitals separately.
In simple words: We should organize how we throw away trash in homes and make sure hospital waste is handled specially.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between general waste management and specialized waste management (e.g., medical waste) due to varying risks.

Question 16. According to World Health Organization, how much decibal sound should be there in day time?
Answer: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the daytime sound level should ideally be 55 decibels.
In simple words: The WHO suggests that daytime noise levels should be kept at 55 decibels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Citing specific standards from international bodies like WHO adds authority to your answers on health-related environmental issues.

Question 18. State two causes of noise pollution.
Answer: Two causes of noise pollution are:
1. The use of noise-producing equipment.
2. Noise from vehicles.
In simple words: Loud machines and vehicle sounds are two main reasons for noise pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing causes, think of both stationary (equipment) and mobile (vehicles) sources of pollution.

Question 19. Stress, anxiety and tiredness arises due to which pollution?
Answer: Stress, anxiety, and tiredness mainly arise due to noise pollution.
In simple words: Noise pollution can make people feel stressed, worried, and tired.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that environmental pollution has psychological and physiological impacts beyond just physical diseases.

Question 20. How can noise pollution be checked?
Answer: Noise pollution can be checked by making proper laws and regulations to control it.
In simple words: We can reduce noise pollution by putting good laws in place to limit loud sounds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Legislation and regulations are important tools governments use to manage and control various forms of pollution.

Question 21. How can people be made aware of the adverse effects of noise pollution?
Answer: People can be made aware of the adverse effects of noise pollution by creating proper awareness campaigns among them.
In simple words: We can tell people about the bad effects of noise pollution through awareness programs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Public awareness and education are crucial for changing behaviors and gaining support for environmental protection efforts.

Question 22. State two reasons of environment pollution.
Answer: Two reasons for environmental pollution are:
1. Dependence on traditional sources of energy.
2. Dependence on thermal power plants for energy.
In simple words: Using old energy sources and power plants that burn fuel are two causes of environmental pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify energy production and consumption as major contributors to environmental pollution.

Question 23. State two measures to control environment pollution.
Answer: Two measures to control environmental pollution are:
1. Reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.
2. Decreasing dependence on thermal power plants for energy.
In simple words: To control pollution, we need to use less of the old types of energy and reduce our use of power plants that burn fossil fuels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Measures to control pollution often involve shifting to cleaner energy sources and reducing consumption of polluting ones.

State the examples of biotic and abiotic components.
Answer: Biotic components include humans, plants, and animals. Abiotic components include water, air, and sunlight.
In simple words: Living things like people, plants, and animals are biotic, while non-living things like water, air, and sun are abiotic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors, which form the basis of all ecosystems.

Question 25. Explain the second activity of environment in context to life.
Answer: The second activity of the environment in relation to life is providing inputs for production and economic activities.
In simple words: The environment gives us all the materials and resources we need to make things and run our economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the environment serves as a source of raw materials essential for all human economic activities.

Question 26. What is a renewable source? Explain with the example.
Answer: A renewable source refers to products that can easily be naturally replenished or renewed. Examples include forest areas and fish populations.
In simple words: Renewable sources are things that grow back or can be replaced easily, like trees in a forest or fish in the sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources, with examples of each.

Question 27. Explain the third activity of environment in context to life.
Answer: The third activity of the environment is its ability to absorb waste materials produced by human production and other activities.
In simple words: The environment helps by taking in the waste that people and industries create.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the environment's role not just as a resource provider but also as a waste assimilator, though its capacity is limited.

Question 28. What do you mean by Greenhouse effect?
Answer: The Greenhouse effect refers to the increase in the Earth's average temperature caused by a rise in gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide in the lower atmosphere.
In simple words: The Greenhouse effect is when gases in the air trap heat, making the Earth's temperature warmer on average.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining the greenhouse effect, mention the key gases involved and their role in trapping heat, leading to global warming.

Question 29. What do you mean by ozone layer?
Answer: The ozone layer is a region in the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
In simple words: The ozone layer is like a protective shield high in the sky that stops most of the sun's harmful rays from reaching us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the primary function of the ozone layer, which is to protect life on Earth from harmful UV radiation.

Question 31. What is the effect of CFC on ozone layer?
Answer: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroy the ozone layer, which allows harmful ultraviolet rays to reach Earth directly. This has negative impacts on crop productivity and can cause skin cancer.
In simple words: CFC gases break down the ozone layer, letting more sun UV rays through, which hurts crops and can cause skin problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the chain reaction: CFCs -> ozone destruction -> increased UV radiation -> negative effects on life and health.

Question 32. What are the reasons of soil pollution?
Answer: The reasons for soil pollution include:
1. Cutting of forests.
2. Excessive animal grazing.
3. Use of agricultural pesticides.
4. Rapid water run-off.
5. Improper solid waste management.
6. Exploitation of underground water resources without proper replenishment.
7. Lack of proper irrigation facilities.
In simple words: Soil gets polluted because of cutting down trees, too many animals eating grass, using farm chemicals, fast water flow, bad trash disposal, overusing groundwater, and poor watering systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing causes, categorize them if possible (e.g., agricultural, deforestation, waste) for a more structured answer.

Question 33. How can soil pollution be controlled?
Answer: Soil pollution can be controlled by using bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides instead of chemical ones in agriculture, and by employing an efficient irrigation system.
In simple words: To stop soil pollution, we should use natural fertilizers and bug killers in farming, and have good ways to water crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on sustainable agricultural practices and efficient resource use as key solutions for soil pollution.

Question 34. Why is bio diversity important?
Answer: Biodiversity is important because it is a vital resource for the Earth. Each creature has a unique genetic makeup, which is an important natural asset. The existence of various types of plants, living organisms, and microorganisms forms the foundation of biodiversity.
In simple words: Biodiversity is crucial because it includes all the different life forms on Earth, each important for the health of our planet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize biodiversity's role in ecosystem health, genetic resources, and overall planetary resilience.

Question 35. How is bio-diversity depleting continuously?
Answer: Biodiversity is depleting continuously due to:
• Loss of habitat: Natural shelters for creatures are being destroyed by human activities.
• Excessive exploitation: Renewable resources are being overused instead of being allowed to replenish, leading to their destruction.
• Climate change: Biodiversity is consistently being lost due to changes in global climate.
In simple words: The variety of life is shrinking because homes for animals are destroyed, people take too much from nature, and the climate is changing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the three main threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change, which are often interconnected.

Question 36. What measures are taken for solid waste management?
Answer: Measures for solid waste management include:
1. Ensuring proper arrangements for waste disposal in residential areas.
2. Disposing of plastic, metal scrap, electronic scrap, and nuclear waste according to their specific nature.
3. Releasing waste disposals from hospitals separately.
4. Prohibiting the throwing of waste in open places.
5. Using enclosed vehicles to carry solid waste to its disposal place.
In simple words: To manage trash, we need organized ways to dispose of waste in homes, separate harmful waste, ban littering, and use special covered trucks for transport.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize a multi-faceted approach to waste management, including proper disposal, segregation, prevention of littering, and safe transport.

Question 37. State four reasons for environmental pollution.
Answer: Four reasons for environmental pollution are:
1. Rapidly increasing industries and their failure to implement pollution control systems.
2. Destruction of forest areas, lack of tree plantation, and excessive animal grazing.
3. Increasing carbon emissions due to a rise in the number of vehicles and their emissions.
4. Increased use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides, along with inadequate irrigation and improper disposal of agricultural waste.
In simple words: Pollution comes from fast-growing factories without proper controls, cutting down forests, more vehicle fumes, and too much use of farm chemicals and poor farm waste handling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the causes of pollution into industrial, land-use, vehicular, and agricultural factors for a comprehensive answer.

Question 39. What do you mean by sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is an organizing principle for balancing human development goals with maintaining natural systems.
In simple words: Sustainable development means improving our lives today in a way that does not use up resources or harm the environment for people in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core definition of sustainable development, focusing on present needs without hindering future generations, is essential for a good answer.

Question 40. State four aims of sustainable development.
Answer: Four aims of sustainable development are:
1. To fully eradicate all types of poverty.
2. To ensure the availability of clean, trustworthy, and modern energy.
3. To overcome gender inequality and empower girls and women.
4. To ensure good health for people of all ages.
In simple words: Sustainable development aims to end poverty, provide clean energy, ensure equal rights for women, and make sure everyone has good health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that sustainable development encompasses social and economic goals alongside environmental ones, often linked to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 22 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write a note on Central Pollution Control Board.
Answer: The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a legal body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It was set up in 1974 by the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. The CPCB has 7 regional offices and 5 laboratories. It handles environmental assessment and research. Its main goals are to keep rivers and wells clean, prevent water pollution, and improve air quality by preventing and controlling air pollution across the country.
In simple words: The Central Pollution Control Board in India is a government agency that works to keep our water and air clean by making rules, studying pollution, and making sure factories follow environmental standards.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing governmental bodies like the CPCB, include its establishment year, purpose (Acts it enforces), and key functions for a complete answer.