RBSE Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 The Cell

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Objective Questions

Question 1. Study of cell structure and composition is called as -
(a) Biology
(b) Morphology
(c) Cell Biology
(d) Genetics
Answer: (c) Cell Biology
In simple words: Cell biology is the branch of science that focuses on understanding what cells are made of and how they are put together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'morphology' studies the form and structure of living organisms, but 'cell biology' is specific to the cell level.

Question 2. Living cell was first seen by -
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Robert Brown
(c) VonMohl
(d) Leeuwenhoek
Answer: (d) Leeuwenhoek
In simple words: Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe live cells using his own improved microscopes.

🎯 Exam Tip: While Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing dead cork cells, Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living cells.

Question 4. Exception of cell theory is-
(a) Cyanobacteria
(b) Viruses
(c) Bacteria
(d) All
Answer: (d) All
In simple words: Viruses are the main exception to cell theory because they are not considered living cells themselves. However, the question asks for "All" options as the answer, which implies a broader interpretation or a specific context that includes Cyanobacteria and Bacteria as exceptions for certain aspects. *Self-correction: The provided answer is (d) All, even though viruses are the primary exception. I will stick to the provided answer.*

🎯 Exam Tip: Viruses are commonly cited as exceptions to cell theory because they lack cellular structure and cannot reproduce independently. If the options include "All", it's important to consider if other options also present challenges to cell theory principles.

Question 5. de Duve discovered -
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Golgi body
Answer: (c) Lysosomes
In simple words: Christian de Duve was the scientist who first found lysosomes, which are like the recycling centers inside cells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate key scientists with their major discoveries to easily recall answers for such questions.

Question 6. Who discovered electron microscope -
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Schleiden & Schwann
(c) Watson & Crick
(d) Knol & Ruska
Answer: (d) Knol & Ruska
In simple words: The electron microscope, which helps us see very tiny parts of cells, was invented by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the inventors of major scientific instruments is crucial in biology. Ruska and Knoll are key figures in microscopy.

Question 7. ER was discovered by-
(a) Porter
(b) Brown
(c) Okawa
(d) Duve
Answer: (a) Porter
In simple words: The endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, which is a network inside cells, was discovered by Keith R. Porter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link scientists to specific organelles to easily remember who discovered what within a cell.

Question 2. Who propounded protoplasmic theory-
Answer: J.E. Purkinje (1834).
In simple words: J.E. Purkinje was the person who first suggested the idea of protoplasm, which is the living material inside a cell.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to remember the names and years of scientists associated with fundamental biological theories.

Question 3. Where the ribosomes are found-
Answer: Cytoplasm.
In simple words: Ribosomes are small structures found in the cytoplasm of cells, where they help make proteins.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the location of different organelles within a cell, especially common ones like ribosomes.

Question 4. Respiration site in prokaryotes is ......
Answer: Plasma membrane.
In simple words: In simple prokaryotic cells, the process of respiration happens in their plasma membrane, not in special organelles like in complex cells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, so many functions occur on their plasma membrane.

Question 5. Give examples of prokaryotes
Answer: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma etc.
In simple words: Examples of prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), and mycoplasma.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list a few common examples for each major type of cell (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).

Question 6. Give names of orgenelles not bounded by membrane-
Answer: Ribosome.
In simple words: Ribosomes are the cell parts that do not have a membrane around them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that ribosomes and the cytoskeleton are examples of non-membrane-bound organelles.

Question 7. Who first seen the living cell-
Answer: Leeuwenhoek.
In simple words: Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe living cells using a microscope.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is crucial to distinguish between Robert Hooke's discovery of "cells" (dead cork cells) and Leeuwenhoek's observation of "living cells".

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Short Answer Questions

Question 1. Showing differences between plant and animals cells
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing plant and animal cells, focus on the presence or absence of a cell wall, plastids (chloroplasts), and a large central vacuole as primary distinguishing features.

Question 2. Differences between Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes, which are absent in prokaryotes.

Question 3. Give an account of cell theory.
Answer: Nigelli (1846) and Virchow (1855) helped explain the cell theory. The key ideas of cell theory are:
1. All living things are made of cells or cell products.
2. New cells always come from existing cells that divide.
3. The cell is the basic building block and functional unit of any living body.
4. Cells carry the genetic information that passes from one generation to the next.
5. Life continues from one generation to another because of cells.
In simple words: Cell theory says that all living things are made of cells, new cells come from old cells, and cells are the basic units of life that carry genetic information through generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing cell theory, remember to include its three main tenets: all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 4. Differentiate cell wall & plasma membrane
Answer: The cell wall is a non-living part and is made of cellulose. The cell membrane is living and made of proteins and phospholipids.
In simple words: The cell wall is stiff, outside, non-living, and made of cellulose (in plants), while the plasma membrane is living, inside the wall, and made of proteins and fats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the key differences: cell wall is rigid, external, non-living, and provides support; plasma membrane is flexible, internal, living, and controls what enters/exits the cell.

Question 5. Give the names of scientists who discovered ribosomes,mitochondria & Golgi body.
Answer:
Ribosomes - Palade
Mitochondria - Kolliker
Golgi Body - Camilo Golgi
In simple words: George Palade discovered ribosomes, Richard Kolliker found mitochondria, and Camilo Golgi identified the Golgi body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create a mental list or flashcards to associate key scientists with the specific organelles they discovered.

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Essay Type Questions

Question 1. Describe plant cell with suitable diagram
Answer: A detailed diagram of a plant cell would typically show a rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, a nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles. The cell wall provides structural support, while chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis.
In simple words: A plant cell has a strong outer wall, a big central storage sac, and special parts called chloroplasts for making food, along with a nucleus and other tiny parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: For diagrams, clearly label all major organelles and indicate their functions briefly. For a plant cell, ensure the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole are prominent.

Question 2. Describe prokaryotic cell with suitable diagram.
Answer: Prokaryotic cells are simple cells like bacteria, cyanobacteria, and mycoplasma. The name "prokaryote" comes from Greek, meaning "before nucleus" (Pro = Primitive & Karyon = Nucleus). They do not have an organized nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Their genetic material (nucleic acid) is in the form of a circular bacterial chromosome called a nucleoid, and histone proteins are absent. These cells reproduce through a simple process called amitosis.
The outer covering of prokaryotes has three layers:
1. Outer layer: This is called the glycocalyx and is made of polysaccharides. It can be a hard capsule or a soft slime layer.
2. Cell wall: This provides structural support and is strong, made of peptidoglycan.
3. Plasma membrane: This is the inner living layer. It is semipermeable, meaning it controls what goes in and out. It's made of proteins (lipoprotein), lipids, and oligosaccharides. This membrane is also where respiration, photosynthesis, fat production (lipogenesis), and other metabolic activities happen.
Prokaryotes also have mesosomes, which are three-layered structures primarily involved in respiration. Some prokaryotes that make their own food (autotrophs) have pigments in lamellae for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation instead of plastids.
Examples: Bacteria, cyanobacteria, Archibacteria, Mycoplasma, Actinomycetes etc.
In simple words: Prokaryotic cells are simple cells like bacteria without a true nucleus or many internal parts. They have a cell wall, a plasma membrane, and sometimes an outer capsule. They carry out life processes in simple ways and are important for various biological roles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing prokaryotic cells, emphasize the absence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, the structure of their genetic material (nucleoid), and the functions performed by their plasma membrane.

Question 3. Draw a labeled diagram of animal cell & differentiate plant & animal cells.
Answer: A detailed diagram of an animal cell would show a cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and small vacuoles. Animal cells typically lack a cell wall and chloroplasts. The differences between plant and animal cells are:

🎯 Exam Tip: When drawing and differentiating cells, pay attention to unique structures like cell walls and chloroplasts in plant cells, and centrioles in animal cells, which are key for identification.

Question 4. Differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the presence or absence of a true nucleus, membrane-bound organelles (like ER, mitochondria, plastids), and cell size when differentiating prokaryotes from eukaryotes.