RBSE Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 14 Plant Tissue System

Question 1. Epidermal tissue system originates from-
(a) Plerome
(b) Dermatogen
(c) Periblem
(d) Calloptrogen
Answer: (b) Dermatogen
In simple words: The epidermal tissue system, which is the outer protective layer of a plant, grows from a specific layer of cells called the dermatogen. This is where the initial cells that form the skin of the plant begin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "dermatogen" literally means "skin-forming" layer, which directly indicates its role in developing the plant's outer epidermal tissue.

Question 2. Stomata are found on both epidermal layers in
(a) monocots plants
(b) xerophytes
(c) aquatic plants
(d) plants growing in salts
Answer: (a) monocots plants
In simple words: In monocot plants, small pores called stomata are present on both the top and bottom surfaces of their leaves. This helps them manage water and gas exchange evenly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the distribution of stomata (upper, lower, or both surfaces) can help identify the type of plant, like monocots often having them on both sides.

Question 4. The space between epidermis and Endodermis is called
(a) vascular bundle
(b) cortex system
(c) pleorome system
(d) xylem system
Answer: (b) cortex system
In simple words: The area inside a plant stem or root, located between its outer skin (epidermis) and the inner protective layer (endodermis), is known as the cortex. This region helps with storage and support.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle ground tissue), and vascular bundles (transport system) for full marks.

Question 5. Pith and medullary are made of
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Xylem
(d) sclerenchyma
Answer: (a) Parenchyma
In simple words: The central part of a plant stem (pith) and the rays that extend from it (medullary rays) are mainly made up of parenchyma cells. These cells store food and water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that parenchyma cells are common, unspecialized plant cells primarily involved in storage and basic metabolic functions.

Question 6. The vascular bundle in Xylem and phloem are on different radius.
(a) Radial
(b) Conjoint
(c) Concentric
(d) Bicollateral
Answer: (a) Radial
In simple words: When the xylem and phloem in a plant's vascular bundle are located on different lines extending from the center, it is called a radial arrangement. This type of arrangement is often seen in roots.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that "radial" means the xylem and phloem are arranged in separate, alternating patches along different radii, common in roots for efficient water and nutrient absorption.

Question 7. Amphivasal vascular bundles are found in.
(a) Dracaena
(b) Pranango
(c) Sunflower
(d) Cucurbitta
Answer: (a) Dracaena
In simple words: Amphivasal vascular bundles, where the xylem surrounds the phloem, are a special type of arrangement found in plants like Dracaena. This setup helps in effective transport.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific plant examples associated with different vascular bundle arrangements, as these are frequently tested in objective questions.

Question 9. Stomata found in xerophyte plants are
(a) Dumbell shaped
(b) Shape of apple seeds
(c) Exposed type
(d) Sunken stomata
Answer: (d) Sunken stomata
In simple words: Xerophyte plants, which live in dry places, have stomata that are 'sunken' or tucked into pits. This helps them reduce water loss by trapping humid air near the pores.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that adaptations like sunken stomata are key features that help xerophytes survive in arid environments by conserving water.

Question 10. Epidermis does not contain
(a) Stomata
(b) Intercellular spaces
(c) Trichomes
(d) Cuticle
Answer: (b) Intercellular spaces
In simple words: The epidermis, which is the outermost layer of plant cells, is usually packed tightly without gaps between its cells. This tight packing helps it act as a protective barrier.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the primary role of the epidermis is protection, which is best achieved through a compact arrangement of cells, minimizing intercellular spaces.

Rbse Class 11 Biology Chapter 14 Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. How many type of basic tissue systems is present in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.
Answer: There are three main types of basic tissue systems found in flowering plants. These systems work together to perform all the necessary functions for the plant. They are:
1. Epidermal (or Tegumentary) System: This is the outermost protective layer, like the skin of the plant.
2. Fundamental (or Ground tissue) System: This includes all the tissues inside the plant except the epidermis and vascular tissues, such as the cortex and pith.
3. Vascular (or Fascicular) System: This system consists of the transport tissues, xylem and phloem, which carry water and food throughout the plant.
In simple words: Flowering plants have three basic tissue systems: the outer protective epidermal system, the internal ground tissue system for support and storage, and the vascular system for moving water and food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the three tissue systems and briefly mention their primary role to show a complete understanding of plant organization.

Question 2. Cuticle is made of which substance
Answer: The cuticle is mainly made of a waxy, fatty substance called cutin. This layer forms a protective barrier on the outside of plant leaves and stems.
In simple words: The plant cuticle is made of cutin, a waxy substance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember "cutin" as the key component of the cuticle, emphasizing its role in water retention.

Question 4. Stomatal apparatus consists of which components?
Answer: The stomatal apparatus, which helps in gas exchange, is made up of three main parts:
(i) A stomatal aperture, which is the central pore.
(ii) Two guard cells that surround and control the opening and closing of this pore.
(iii) The subsidiary cells (also called accessory cells) that surround the guard cells and support their function. Also, trichomes (hair-like outgrowths) on the plant surface help reduce water loss during transpiration, although they are not strictly part of the stomatal apparatus itself.
In simple words: The stomatal apparatus includes the central hole (aperture), the two guard cells around it, and the surrounding subsidiary cells. These parts work together to control breathing and water release in plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all three main components (aperture, guard cells, subsidiary cells) for a comprehensive answer, as each is crucial for stomatal function.

Question 5. Passage cells are found in?
Answer: Passage cells are found in the endodermis, specifically located opposite the protoxylem elements. These cells help in the movement of water and dissolved minerals towards the vascular tissue.
In simple words: Passage cells are special cells in plant roots that are found opposite the small xylem parts. They help water pass through.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both the location (endodermis) and their specific position (opposite protoxylem) for a precise answer.

Question 6. Which vascular bundles are called Conjoint vascular bundles?
Answer: Conjoint vascular bundles are those in which both the xylem and phloem tissues are located together on the same radius. These bundles are typically found in the stems of plants. This arrangement allows for coordinated transport.
In simple words: Conjoint vascular bundles have xylem and phloem on the same line, side-by-side. They are usually found in stems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define conjoint vascular bundles by the spatial relationship of xylem and phloem (on the same radius) and provide a common location (stems).

Question 7. Which vascular bundles are called Centrifugal vascular bundles?
Answer: Centrifugal vascular bundles are those where the formation of vascular tissues proceeds from the center outwards, also known as acropetal development. In such bundles, a specific arrangement called endarch is often seen, where the protoxylem (first-formed xylem) is located towards the center, and the metaxylem (later-formed xylem) is towards the periphery.
In simple words: Centrifugal vascular bundles grow from the middle outwards. This often means the youngest xylem is near the center, and older xylem is on the outside.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link centrifugal development with acropetal formation and the endarch arrangement of xylem for a complete explanation.

Question 8. Which is the first formed Xylem?
Answer: The first-formed xylem elements in a plant are called protoxylem. These are typically smaller and have different wall thickenings compared to later-formed xylem.
In simple words: The first part of the xylem to grow is called protoxylem.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between protoxylem (first formed, smaller) and metaxylem (later formed, larger) when discussing xylem development.

Question 9. What is starch sheath called as?
Answer: The starch sheath is also known as the endodermis. It is a layer of cells in roots and stems that stores starch and regulates the movement of substances into the vascular cylinder.
In simple words: The starch sheath is another name for the endodermis, a layer that stores starch in plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the endodermis as the starch sheath, highlighting its dual role in storage and selective transport.

Question 3. Differentiate between
(a) Radial, Conjoint, concentric vascular bundles
(b) Xylem and phloem

Answer:
(a) **Differentiation of Vascular Bundles:**
* **Radial Vascular Bundles:** In this arrangement, the xylem and phloem tissues are located on different radii, forming separate alternating patches. This type of bundle is commonly found in the roots of plants.
* **Conjoint Vascular Bundles:** Here, both xylem and phloem tissues are found on the same radius. This is a characteristic feature of plant stems. Conjoint bundles are further categorized into two types:
* **Collateral Bundles:** In this subtype, the phloem is positioned towards the outer side of the stem, while the xylem is towards the inner side. A sunflower is a good example of a plant with collateral bundles.
* **Bicollateral Bundles:** These bundles have phloem tissue present on both the outer and inner sides of the xylem. Plants belonging to the Cucurbita family, such as gourds, exhibit bicollateral bundles.
* **Concentric Vascular Bundles:** This arrangement describes a vascular bundle where one type of tissue completely surrounds the other. There are two primary forms of concentric bundles:
* **Amphivasal Bundles:** In amphivasal bundles, the phloem tissue is centrally located and completely enclosed by the xylem.
* **Amphicribal Bundles:** Conversely, in amphicribal bundles, the xylem tissue occupies the center and is entirely surrounded by the phloem.
Understanding these different arrangements helps us see how plants efficiently transport water and food throughout their body.
In simple words: Plants have different ways their water-carrying (xylem) and food-carrying (phloem) tubes are arranged. They can be in separate rings (radial), side-by-side (conjoint), or one tube can wrap all the way around the other (concentric).

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to differentiate, clearly state the unique features of each type and mention typical locations or examples for better clarity.

Answer:
(b) **Differentiation between Xylem and Phloem:**

These two tissues work together like a plant's plumbing system, ensuring that all parts get the water and nutrients they need to grow.
In simple words: Xylem moves water from the ground up to the plant's leaves, while phloem moves the food made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. They both have different kinds of cells to do these jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating xylem and phloem, create a table to clearly compare their structure (parts), function, and composition. Remember that xylem carries water, and phloem carries food.

Question 4. Explain different types of vascular bundles with help of well labelled diagram?
Answer: Vascular bundles are responsible for transporting water, minerals, and food within plants. They are composed primarily of xylem (for water transport) and phloem (for food transport). Their arrangement varies depending on the plant part and species, and these arrangements are broadly classified into three main types:
* **Radial Vascular Bundles:** In this type, the xylem and phloem tissues are organized into separate, alternating patches on different radii of the plant organ. This arrangement is a distinctive characteristic found mostly in plant roots.
* **Conjoint Vascular Bundles:** Here, the xylem and phloem tissues are located on the same radius. Conjoint bundles are typical of plant stems and can be further divided into two subtypes:
* **Collateral Bundles:** In these bundles, the phloem is positioned towards the outer side of the stem, while the xylem is found towards the inner side. A common example of a plant with collateral bundles is a sunflower.
* **Bicollateral Bundles:** This type features phloem tissue on both the outer and inner sides, with the xylem sandwiched in between. Plants such as those in the Cucurbita family (e.g., gourds) exhibit bicollateral bundles.
* **Concentric Vascular Bundles:** This arrangement involves one vascular tissue completely surrounding the other. There are two primary forms:
* **Amphivasal Bundles:** In an amphivasal bundle, the phloem tissue is located at the center and is entirely enclosed by the xylem.
* **Amphicribal Bundles:** Conversely, in an amphicribal bundle, the xylem tissue is in the center, completely surrounded by the phloem.
A well-labeled diagram can greatly help in visualizing these various arrangements and understanding their structural differences.
In simple words: Vascular bundles are like a plant's internal roads for water and food. They can be arranged in different ways, such as in alternating lines (radial), side-by-side (conjoint), or one tissue completely wrapping around another (concentric). These different layouts help plants move what they need efficiently.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining, clearly define each type of vascular bundle. Providing common plant examples for each type and including a simple, neat sketch of each arrangement will help score full marks.