RBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 20 Sanitation and Solid Waste Management

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Which of the following generates garbage?
(A) Human beings only
(B)cleanliness None of these none of these
(C) Industries and factories only
(D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these
In simple words: Garbage is produced by human beings, industries, factories, and even through daily activities related to cleanliness. So, all these options contribute to garbage generation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When considering sources of waste, remember that human activities across various sectors are the primary generators of garbage.

Question 2. Indian culture gives importance to
(A) food
(B) rest
(C) feasting
(D) cleanliness
Answer: (D) cleanliness
In simple words: Indian culture places a strong value on cleanliness, both personal hygiene and surrounding environment. This belief encourages people to keep things neat and tidy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that traditional cultures often embed values like cleanliness into daily practices and spiritual beliefs, making it a fundamental aspect of life.

Question 3. Solid waste management is based on
(A) 2R's
(B) 3R's
(C) 4R's
(D) None of these
Answer: (B) 3R's
In simple words: Solid waste management is mostly built around the "3 R's" idea: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. These three steps help manage waste effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: The '3R' principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is a foundational concept in sustainable waste management, emphasizing minimizing waste generation.

Question 4. Swatch Bharat Mission of Government (SBMG) is related to
(A) cities
(B) slums
(C) villages
(D) None of these
Answer: (C) villages
In simple words: The Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) by the government focuses mainly on improving cleanliness and sanitation in India's villages. Its goal is to make rural areas free from open defecation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the scope of government initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission, as they often have specific rural and urban components.

Question 6. Urban bodies have handed over the solid waste management work to
(A) representatives of people
(B) Board of Directors
(C) tehsildars
(D) Sanitary Inspectors
Answer: (D) Sanitary Inspectors
In simple words: In cities, the local authorities often assign the job of managing solid waste to Sanitary Inspectors. These officials help to ensure proper waste collection and disposal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific roles of various government officials in urban administration, especially regarding public health and sanitation duties.

Question 7. Which of the following is badly affected from open defecation?
(A) Pests
(B) Clothes
(C) Houses
(D) Health
Answer: (D) Health
In simple words: Open defecation has a very bad impact on public health. It spreads diseases and creates an unhealthy environment, especially for children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the direct and significant consequences of poor sanitation, with public health being a primary concern.

Question 8. The greenhouse gas is
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Nitrogen
(D) cyanide
Answer: (A) Carbon dioxide
In simple words: Carbon dioxide is a well-known greenhouse gas. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, which can lead to global warming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the common greenhouse gases and their primary sources as this is a frequently tested topic in environmental science.

Road Safety Education Short Answer Type Questions

Question 2. When was education on cleanliness started?
Answer: Education programs focusing on cleanliness began on 1st April, 1999. This marked a key step in raising awareness about hygiene. The initiative aimed to embed good sanitation practices from a young age.
In simple words: Education about cleanliness began on April 1, 1999.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific dates and years for key initiatives, as these often appear in factual recall questions.

Question 3. What are the problems faced by the most density populated regions?
Answer: Regions with many people living close together often face problems like too much garbage building up and poor sanitation. These issues can lead to health risks and an unclean environment. Managing waste becomes a big challenge in crowded areas.
In simple words: Crowded areas struggle with lots of garbage and bad sanitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing issues in densely populated areas, always link problems like garbage and sanitation to their direct impacts on public health and environmental quality.

Question 4. Which insect spreads dirt around us?
Answer: Insects such as flies and mosquitoes are known to spread dirt and diseases in our surroundings. They carry germs from dirty places to food and people, causing illness. These tiny creatures play a big role in transmitting many common infections.
In simple words: Flies and mosquitoes spread dirt and diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific examples of disease-carrying insects and their role in environmental health for better answers.

Question 5. Give the limitation of solid waste management.
Answer: One main limitation of solid waste management is the challenge of systematic collection and recycling of garbage. It is hard to collect all waste properly and sort it for recycling, which makes effective waste management difficult. Proper sorting at the source is key to successful recycling.
In simple words: A big challenge in managing solid waste is collecting it properly and recycling it well.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key bottlenecks in waste management processes, such as collection efficiency and proper sorting for recycling, to explain limitations effectively.

Question 6. What is household garbage?
Answer: Household garbage refers to all the waste materials that are collected from homes. This includes things like food scraps, packaging, and old items that are no longer needed. Separating waste at home can make recycling much easier.
In simple words: Household garbage is all the trash collected from homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define terms clearly and concisely, and if possible, add a small practical detail like waste separation to show broader understanding.

Question 7. What are dangerous wastes?
Answer: Dangerous wastes are materials that can harm humans or the environment, such as chemical wastes and radioactive wastes. These types of waste need special handling and disposal methods to prevent pollution and health problems. They pose a significant risk if not managed correctly.
In simple words: Dangerous wastes are chemical and radioactive materials that can cause harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying dangerous wastes, always specify why they are hazardous (e.g., toxic, radioactive) and their impact on health and environment.

Question 8. What is called botanical food?
Answer: Botanical food refers to any food that is obtained directly from plant sources. This includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts. Eating botanical foods is a healthy choice, as they provide essential nutrients. Most of our dietary fiber comes from botanical foods.
In simple words: Botanical food is food that comes from plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use simple, direct definitions for basic terms, and optionally add a relevant example or benefit for a complete answer.

Impact of Poor Sanitation on Health

Children and elderly people can get many diseases because of garbage present everywhere around us. When water is polluted and garbage piles up, it can cause several health dangers:

• Drinking dirty water can make people sick.
• Food items like fruits, vegetables, and fish can become dirty and unsafe to eat.
• Water used for bathing or fun activities can also become polluted.
• Pests that carry diseases can spread easily.
• Keeping things clean is very important to stop diseases and stay healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the health impacts of poor sanitation, always list multiple specific examples like contaminated water, food, and disease vectors (pests) for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. Explain the meaning of sanitation as per the World Health Organisation.
Answer: The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines sanitation in a few key ways. First, it involves keeping toilets and surroundings clean, and using safe methods to keep water free from dirt. Good sanitation prevents the spread of waterborne diseases. Second, sanitation means having proper facilities and systems to maintain hygienic conditions, especially through the safe disposal of human waste like urine and faeces. Proper waste management is crucial for public health.
In simple words: WHO says sanitation means keeping toilets and water clean, and safely getting rid of human waste to stay healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms by an organization like WHO, always include the core elements: cleanliness, safe disposal, and preventing contamination.

Question 3. In how many types is sanitation divided?
Answer: Sanitation can be divided into several types, each with its own focus:
1. **Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS):** This approach helps communities stop open defecation by encouraging them to build and use toilets. It focuses on changing community behavior without providing subsidies.
2. **Dry Sanitation:** This type uses toilets that need very little or no water. They are useful in areas where water is scarce. Dry toilets help save water resources.
3. **Ecological Sanitation:** This is closely linked to safe farming methods and hygiene. It aims to recycle nutrients from human waste back into agriculture.
4. **Environmental Sanitation:** This involves actions to improve and maintain basic environmental conditions that affect people's well-being. It covers waste management, water treatment, and pollution control.
5. **Improved and Unimproved Sanitation:** This refers to older or traditional ways of managing human waste. It helps categorize existing systems.
6. **Lack of Sanitation:** This generally means not having enough toilets, which often leads to open defecation and serious public health problems.
In simple words: Sanitation is categorized into types like CLTS, dry, ecological, environmental, improved/unimproved, and lack of sanitation, each dealing with different aspects of waste management and hygiene.

🎯 Exam Tip: For classification questions, list each type clearly and provide a brief, distinct explanation for each to show a complete understanding.

Solid Waste Management Overview

Solid waste management involves handling solid waste in ways that do not harm the environment or health. This includes getting rid of waste, reusing items, recycling materials, and setting up processes to generate power from waste. The Central Government has made strict rules for managing solid waste. Under these new rules, states have specific duties:

• To provide training on solid waste management in both rural and urban areas.
• To arrange for new ideas and resources to improve waste management.
• To offer benefits for different activities related to solid waste management and its uses.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing solid waste management, ensure you cover its full cycle (treatment, disposal, reuse, recycle, energy generation) and mention the regulatory framework.

Question 5. What are measures taken for solid waste management?
Answer: Several steps are taken to manage solid waste effectively:
1. In cities, workers whose job is sanitation collect garbage from homes, hospitals, and other locations. This initial collection is vital.
2. City councils and other urban bodies are responsible for moving this collected garbage to waste disposal centers using vehicles like trucks, tractor trolleys, and sometimes even horse carts.
3. At the disposal centers, garbage is sorted into different groups based on where it came from. For example, household waste, industrial waste, construction waste, and business waste are kept separate.
4. This waste is further separated based on what it is made of. This includes organic waste (like food scraps), inorganic waste, plastic bottles, metals, paper, batteries, and dangerous items like poisonous, infectious, flammable, explosive, and radioactive materials. Proper sorting helps in safe processing and recycling.
In simple words: Measures include collecting garbage from homes, transporting it to disposal centers, and then sorting it into different categories based on its type and origin for better management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the waste management process sequentially, from collection to sorting, and highlight the importance of segregation at various stages.

Question 6. What are the advantages of solid waste management?
Answer: Effective solid waste management offers many benefits:
1. It helps control dangers like fire accidents, the spread of rats, disease-carrying pests, and stray animals. This makes communities safer.
2. It prevents diseases, leading to better public health. When people are healthy, their ability to work increases, and hospitals have fewer patients.
3. It allows for the removal of less harmful materials and helps stop water pollution. This protects our natural resources.
4. Good waste management can produce inexpensive and high-quality organic fertilizer. This fertilizer can boost farming capabilities and increase crop production.
In simple words: Benefits include stopping fires and pests, reducing diseases, making people healthier, preventing water pollution, and creating good fertilizer for farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the multi-faceted benefits of solid waste management, covering environmental protection, public health, economic advantages, and resource recovery.

Road Safety Education Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What does sanitation refer to?
Answer: Sanitation refers to maintaining cleanliness and hygienic conditions. It involves practices that promote public health by preventing contact with wastes. Essentially, it's about keeping things clean to stay healthy.
In simple words: Sanitation means keeping things clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: For very short answer questions, a direct and precise definition is usually sufficient, but a small explanatory phrase can add value.

Question 2. Give the full form of CLTS.
Answer: The full form of CLTS is Community Led Total Sanitation. This program helps communities find their own ways to stop open defecation. It empowers local residents to take charge of their sanitation practices.
In simple words: CLTS stands for Community Led Total Sanitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always capitalize each word correctly when writing out abbreviations or acronyms as full forms.

Question 3. Give the full form of JNNURM.
Answer: The full form of JNNURM is Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. This mission was launched to improve infrastructure and basic services in Indian cities. It aimed to make urban areas more livable and sustainable.
In simple words: JNNURM means Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing full forms of government schemes, aim to also recall their primary purpose or focus to show deeper understanding.

Question 4. What is the full form of WHO?
Answer: The full form of WHO is World Health Organisation. This international body works to promote health and provide global health leadership. It helps countries deal with health problems worldwide. WHO plays a critical role in setting health standards and responding to health emergencies.
In simple words: WHO stands for World Health Organisation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For internationally recognized organizations, know their full name and their main global function.

Question 5. Name two insects which spread many diseases.
Answer: Two common insects that spread many diseases are mosquitoes and houseflies. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases like malaria and dengue, while houseflies carry germs that cause various infections. These insects are significant health vectors. Both thrive in unhygienic conditions.
In simple words: Mosquitoes and houseflies spread many diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to name examples, provide clear and correct identifications, and optionally mention the diseases they transmit.

Question 6. Name any two diseases which are spread by mosquitoes.
Answer: Two diseases commonly spread by mosquitoes are Malaria and Dengue. These illnesses can be severe and are a major public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions. Controlling mosquito populations is essential to prevent their spread.
In simple words: Mosquitoes spread diseases like Malaria and Dengue.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to directly link disease vectors (like mosquitoes) to the specific diseases they cause, as this is a fundamental concept in public health.

Question 7. Name any one disease which is spread by housefly.
Answer: Houseflies can spread various diseases by picking up germs from dirty places and then landing on food or human surfaces. They are known to transmit infections like dysentery or cholera. These insects are significant carriers of pathogens. For instance, they can transmit diseases that cause stomach infections and diarrhea.
In simple words: Houseflies can spread diseases like dysentery by carrying germs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that houseflies are mechanical vectors, meaning they carry pathogens on their bodies rather than injecting them like mosquitoes.

Question 9. Who coined the term 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan'?
Answer: The term 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' was coined by Sri Narendra Modi. He launched this nationwide campaign to achieve cleanliness across India. The mission was a significant step towards a cleaner country. It was initiated to improve sanitation and waste management.
In simple words: Sri Narendra Modi first used the phrase 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important individuals associated with major national campaigns as these are often tested factual details.

Question 10. What is dry sanitation?
Answer: Dry sanitation refers to the use of dry toilets, which require very little or no water. These toilets are an important solution in areas where water is scarce. They help conserve water resources. This method focuses on managing human waste without liquid systems.
In simple words: Dry sanitation uses toilets that need very little or no water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the water-saving aspect when defining dry sanitation, as it's its most distinguishing feature.

Road Safety Education Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe the process of incineration.
Answer: Incineration is a standard thermal process that burns waste materials at high temperatures in the presence of oxygen. This burning changes waste into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash. Incineration is often used to get energy, such as for electricity or heat. It also helps reduce how much waste there is and lowers transport costs. Burning waste this way reduces harmful greenhouse gases like methane released from landfills. Incineration is a form of waste-to-energy conversion.
In simple words: Incineration is burning waste with oxygen to turn it into ash, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, often to make energy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing processes like incineration, clearly state the inputs, outputs, and the key benefits (e.g., waste volume reduction, energy recovery, greenhouse gas reduction).

Question 2. What is the meaning of Recycling wastes?
Answer: Recycling waste means taking old or used materials and turning them into new, useful raw materials. This process helps to reduce the total amount of waste that ends up in landfills. It also allows us to make good use of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Recycling conserves natural resources and energy. It's an important part of sustainable living.
In simple words: Recycling means turning old waste materials into new useful things, which helps reduce garbage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define recycling by focusing on its dual benefits: converting waste into raw material and reducing overall waste volume.

Question 3. What do you mean by Sustainable 'Sanitation'?
Answer: Sustainable sanitation means a complete approach to hygiene that lasts over time. It involves using lessons from past experiences to find ways to reuse human waste safely and effectively. This ensures that sanitation solutions protect health, the environment, and are also economically viable and socially acceptable for the long term. Sustainable sanitation aims for a closed-loop system where waste is a resource.
In simple words: Sustainable sanitation means having long-lasting hygiene systems that safely manage waste and reuse it, learning from past methods.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining 'sustainable' concepts, always include the elements of long-term viability, environmental protection, and resource management.

Question 5. For sanitation, people are needed to keep toilet neat and clean; to use safety measures or means to keep water free from dirt.
Answer: Sanitation is indeed vital and requires that people keep toilets clean and tidy. It also involves using safe methods to ensure water remains free from any dirt or contamination. This dual approach of clean facilities and safe water sources is fundamental for good hygiene. Protecting water from pollution is key to preventing diseases.
In simple words: Sanitation means keeping toilets clean and using ways to keep water free from dirt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that sanitation is a two-pronged effort involving both clean facilities and clean water sources, crucial for preventing health issues.

Question 6. List the health hazards which can be caused by poor sanitation.
Answer: Poor sanitation can lead to several health dangers:
1. **Drinking polluted water:** Consuming water that is contaminated can cause many waterborne diseases.
2. **Polluted food items:** Fruits, vegetables, fish, and other food items can become unsafe to eat if exposed to unsanitary conditions.
3. **Polluted water for recreation:** Water used for bathing or other recreational activities can also become dirty and cause skin infections or other health issues.
4. **Spread of disease-carrying pests:** Unclean environments attract pests like flies and rats, which carry and spread various diseases.
These hazards highlight why proper sanitation is crucial for public well-being. Keeping the environment clean prevents many illnesses.
In simple words: Poor sanitation causes dangers like drinking dirty water, eating polluted food, getting sick from dirty bathing water, and diseases spread by pests.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing health hazards, categorize them (e.g., water, food, vectors) for a clear and organized answer.

Question 7. What do you understand by Community Led Total Sanitation?
Answer: Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a method that addresses the issue of open defecation by villagers. Its main goal is to make rural residents aware of the facilities and practices that can help them stop open defecation. This approach encourages communities to collectively find solutions for their sanitation needs, empowering them to build and use toilets. It is a demand-driven approach where communities identify their own solutions.
In simple words: CLTS helps villagers understand and use ways to stop open defecation by making them aware of available solutions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define CLTS by highlighting its community-driven nature and its core objective of eradicating open defecation through awareness and action.

Question 8. What do you understand by Environmental Sanitation?
Answer: Environmental sanitation includes all activities designed to improve and keep up the basic living conditions that affect people's health. This covers several areas, such as managing solid waste, ensuring clean water supplies, treating dirty water, dealing with industrial waste, and controlling noise pollution. It focuses on creating a healthy and safe environment for everyone. Protecting the environment directly supports public health.
In simple words: Environmental sanitation means keeping the surroundings clean and healthy, including managing waste, water, and pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining environmental sanitation, ensure you list its broad scope, including waste, water, and pollution control, as it encompasses multiple aspects of public health.

Solid Waste Management Process

The process of managing solid waste involves several important steps:

• In cities, workers responsible for sanitation collect garbage from homes, hospitals, and other locations.
• Local urban bodies are responsible for transporting this collected garbage to waste disposal centers using vehicles like trucks, tractor trolleys, and sometimes horse carts.
• At the waste disposal centers, garbage is sorted into different groups based on where it came from, such as household, industrial, construction, and business waste.
• The waste is further separated according to its materials, which include organic, inorganic, plastic bottles, metals, paper, batteries, and hazardous items like poisonous, infectious, flammable, explosive, and radioactive materials.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always outline the sequence of waste management steps clearly, from collection and transportation to sorting and segregation by origin and material type.

Question 2. Write about the Swachh Bharat Mission of government.
Answer: The Swachh Bharat Mission is a major government initiative focused on cleanliness. The Central Government started a sanitation program in 1986 to support state efforts in rural sanitation. Over time, this program evolved.
1. On April 1, 1999, it was renamed as the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). Later, it became known as the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA). Its goal was to make rural India completely clean by 2022 by encouraging community participation and satisfaction.
2. Then, on October 2, 2014, it was launched again as the 'Clean India Mission' (Rural). This mission aimed to make India free from open defecation by October 2, 2019, by providing toilet facilities and proper waste management in villages. This initiative brought about significant changes in public hygiene and habits.
In simple words: The Swachh Bharat Mission is a government plan for cleanliness that started in 1986, changed names over time, and aimed to make rural India free from open defecation by providing toilets and managing waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical campaigns, include key dates, name changes, and the primary objectives of each phase to provide a comprehensive answer.

Question 3. What are the advantages of Solid Waste Management?
Answer: Good solid waste management brings several benefits:
1. It helps prevent fire accidents and controls the spread of rats, disease-causing pests, and stray animals. This makes our communities safer and healthier.
2. It keeps diseases in check, leading to better public health for everyone. When people are healthy, their ability to work increases, and hospitals are not as busy.
3. It allows us to recover less harmful materials from waste and helps stop water pollution. This protects our water sources from contamination. Proper waste sorting contributes to resource recovery.
In simple words: Solid waste management helps stop fires and diseases, improves public health, and prevents water pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reiterate the key categories of benefits: safety, public health, and environmental protection when listing advantages of waste management.