RBSE Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Food and Human Health

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Naru is caused by which of the following?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Worms
(c) Virus
(d) Protozoa
Answer: (b) Worms
In simple words: Naru, also known as Guinea worm disease, is caused by parasitic worms. These worms infect people when they drink water containing tiny infected crustaceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific disease names and their causative agents for quick recall in MCQs. Naru is a water-borne disease.

Question 2. What is the normal blood pressure in a healthy individual?
(a) 120/80 mm Hg
(b) 100/60 mm Hg
(c) 140/100 mm Hg
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) 120/80 mm Hg
In simple words: For a healthy person, the usual blood pressure is around 120 over 80. The first number (120) is when the heart beats, and the second number (80) is when it rests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the standard normal blood pressure values, as they are a key indicator of health and often asked in exams.

Question 3. Tobacco belongs to which family of plants?
(a) Malvaceae
(b) Liliaceae
(c) Solanaceae
(d) Fabaceae
Answer: (c) Solanaceae
In simple words: Tobacco plants are part of the Solanaceae family, which is also known as the nightshade family. This family includes many other common plants like potatoes, tomatoes, and bell peppers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Being aware of the plant families for common addictive or medicinal plants can help with classification questions.

Question 5. Iodine deficiency results in which disease?
(a) Night blindness
(b) Rickets
(c) Infertility
(d) Goitre
Answer: (d) Goitre
In simple words: When a person does not get enough iodine, their thyroid gland can swell up, causing a condition called goitre. Iodine is crucial for making thyroid hormones, which control growth and metabolism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember common deficiency diseases and the nutrients that prevent them, as these are fundamental health concepts.

Food And Human Health Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 6. What is the scientific name of opium?
Answer: The scientific name for opium is Papaver somniferum. This plant is commonly known as the opium poppy.
In simple words: Opium comes from a plant scientifically called Papaver somniferum.

🎯 Exam Tip: Scientific names, especially for medically important or common plants, are often asked and should be learned precisely.

Question 7. What is the main cause of fatty liver disease?
Answer: The primary cause of fatty liver disease is excessive alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking can damage liver cells and lead to fat buildup.
In simple words: Drinking too much alcohol is the main reason people get fatty liver disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always link health conditions to their main causes, especially lifestyle factors like alcohol, for comprehensive answers.

Question 8. Which toxic substance is found in tobacco?
Answer: Nicotine is the main toxic substance found in tobacco. It is highly addictive and harmful to health.
In simple words: Nicotine is the poisonous chemical in tobacco.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the key harmful components of addictive substances helps in understanding their negative effects on the body.

Question 9. What is the name of the instrument for measuring blood pressure?
Answer: The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called a Sphygmomanometer. It uses an inflatable cuff to measure pressure.
In simple words: A sphygmomanometer is the tool used to check blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the names of common medical instruments, especially those related to vital signs, as they are often tested.

Food And Human Health Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11. What do you mean by balanced diet and malnutrition?
Answer: A balanced diet is food that has all the necessary nutrients in the right amounts for the body to function well. It is important for children to grow properly and for adults to stay healthy. Malnutrition happens when a person does not get enough of one or more important nutrients for a long time. This can make them weak and sick.
In simple words: A balanced diet gives all needed nutrients; malnutrition means not getting enough nutrients for a long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each term and explain why a balanced diet is important to show a full understanding of the concept.

Question 12. What is the effect of protein malnourishment on human body?
Answer: Protein malnourishment leads to a disease called Kwashiorkor. Its symptoms include a bloated stomach, dry and patchy skin, and a lack of hunger. This disease mainly affects young children and also pregnant women. Getting enough protein from foods like pulses, milk, and eggs can prevent this condition.
In simple words: Not eating enough protein causes Kwashiorkor, making a person's stomach swell, skin dry, and causes them to lose appetite.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a disease, always mention its cause, key symptoms, and the groups most affected for a complete answer.

Question 13. What are the properties of drinking water?
Answer: Clean drinking water should have certain properties. It must be:

• It should be colourless.
• It should be odorless.
• It should be free of any visible impurities.
• It should have right balance of minerals.

This ensures the water is safe and healthy to drink.
In simple words: Good drinking water should have no color or smell, no dirt, and a good amount of minerals.

🎯 Exam Tip: List properties clearly using bullet points for better presentation and ensure all key characteristics are included.

Question 14. What are the harms of contaminated of water?
Answer: Drinking contaminated water can cause many diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, and jaundice. It can also lead to other infections like Dracunculiasis, which is caused by the Guinea worm. Clean water is vital for preventing these health issues.
In simple words: Dirty water can cause many diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, and jaundice.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing environmental factors, always list specific diseases or problems they cause to show depth of knowledge.

Question. Name the alkaloids present in opium milk?
Answer: The following alkaloids are found in opium milk: Morphine, Codeine, Nicotine, Somniferin, and Papaverin. These substances have various medicinal and addictive properties.
In simple words: Opium milk contains many chemicals like Morphine, Codeine, Nicotine, Somniferin, and Papaverin.

🎯 Exam Tip: For chemical composition questions, list the names of the key compounds accurately.

Question 16. What are the harms of tobacco?
Answer: Tobacco use has many harmful effects on the body. These include:

• Staining of teeth and tooth decay.
• Foul smell from mouth.
• Oral cancer.
• Lung cancer.

Tobacco can damage nearly every organ in the body.
In simple words: Tobacco stains teeth, causes bad breath, and leads to oral and lung cancers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing harms, use specific examples of health problems to make your answer comprehensive and impactful.

Question 17. Write the symptoms and causes of disease submucous fibrosis.
Answer: Submucous fibrosis makes the jaw become stiff, making it hard for a person to open their mouth. This condition is caused by chewing Gutkha, which is a mix of betel nut, lime, catechu, and other flavoring agents. These ingredients irritate the mouth tissues, leading to the disease.
In simple words: Submucous fibrosis causes a stiff jaw, making it hard to open the mouth; it is caused by chewing Gutkha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect symptoms directly to causes, especially for diseases linked to specific habits like chewing Gutkha.

Food And Human Health Rbse Solutions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 18. What is kwashiorkor? Write its symptoms and ways of prevention.
Answer: Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by severe protein malnutrition, especially when the diet mostly contains carbohydrates but not enough protein. This condition often affects poor children and pregnant women. Symptoms include a bloated stomach, dry and patchy skin, and a lack of hunger. Ensuring a diet rich in proteins, like those found in pulses, eggs, and milk, is a key way to prevent this disease.
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is a disease from not eating enough protein, causing a swollen stomach and dry skin, mostly in children and pregnant women.

🎯 Exam Tip: For long answer questions, define the disease, list its symptoms, and briefly explain its prevention or management.

Question. How can you stop the problem of opium addiction in society?
Answer: Opium addiction can be prevented by taking several steps in society:

• Awareness campaigns should be continuously run in villages and towns to educate people about the dangers.
• The sale and distribution of opium products should be under strict government control and close watch.
• Anyone found illegally trading opium should be given severe punishment.
• Proper rehabilitation programs should be set up and managed to help addicted individuals recover.

These measures work together to reduce and eliminate addiction.
In simple words: To stop opium addiction, society needs awareness campaigns, strict control on opium sales, harsh penalties for illegal trade, and good programs to help addicted people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When suggesting solutions to social problems, provide a mix of awareness, regulatory, legal, and rehabilitative measures for a comprehensive answer.

Question 20. Write the diseases and symptoms which happen because of vitamin deficiency.
Answer: The table below shows diseases and their symptoms caused by a lack of vitamins:

Understanding these links helps us maintain a healthy diet.
In simple words: A lack of different vitamins causes specific diseases, each with its own symptoms like poor eyesight, weak muscles, or skin issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Presenting information in a clear table format, with correct headings and entries, is ideal for questions requiring lists of related facts.

Question 21. What are the harms of cold drinks?
Answer: Cold drinks can cause several health problems:

• They can lead to obesity in children.
• They may cause diabetes.
• They promote bad eating habits.
• The body does not get a balanced diet when cold drinks replace healthier options.

These drinks often contain high sugar and artificial ingredients which are detrimental to health.
In simple words: Cold drinks can make children fat, cause diabetes, encourage unhealthy eating, and prevent the body from getting proper nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing harmful effects, focus on both direct health impacts and broader lifestyle consequences.

Question 22. What is food adulteration? What are the harms of food adulteration?
Answer: Food adulteration is when unwanted substances are intentionally mixed with food to make more profit. This practice is harmful in several ways:

• It is an unhealthy business practice.
• Consumers are cheated because they don't get what they pay for.
• It results in a waste of money for buyers.
• It can change the taste of food.
• It can lead to a high concentration of harmful substances in the body.
• It can cause many diseases.
• It can cause food poisoning.
• It can cause cancer in the long run.

Food adulteration severely compromises public health and trust.
In simple words: Food adulteration means mixing bad things into food for money. It cheats buyers, wastes money, can make food taste bad, and causes many serious diseases like food poisoning and cancer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the term clearly before listing its negative impacts, providing a comprehensive answer covering both aspects of the question.

Question 23. What are the harms of deficiency of minerals in our body?
Answer: The following table shows some minerals, their sources, and the health problems that occur when they are deficient in our body:

Each mineral plays a unique and essential role in maintaining bodily functions.
In simple words: A lack of minerals like sodium, potassium, iron, or iodine can cause problems with muscles, nerves, blood, and hormone production in our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions on mineral deficiencies, present the information in a table, clearly listing the mineral, its sources, and the specific health issues caused by its absence.

Food And Human Health Rajasthan Board Solutions Additional Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Beriberi is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer: (b) Vitamin B
In simple words: Beriberi is a disease that happens when you don't get enough Vitamin B, especially Thiamine (Vitamin B1).

🎯 Exam Tip: Pair specific deficiency diseases with their corresponding vitamins or minerals for quick recall.

Question 2. Rickets is caused by deficiency of which mineral?
(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Calcium
(d) Iodine
Answer: (c) Calcium
In simple words: Rickets, a condition that softens and weakens bones, is mainly caused by a lack of calcium, often combined with a lack of Vitamin D.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the interplay between vitamins and minerals; for example, Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption, impacting bone health.

Question 5. Which addictive substance is present in tobacco?
(a) Caffeine
(b) Nicotine
(c) Alcohol
(d) Opiate
Answer: (b) Nicotine
In simple words: Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that makes it addictive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the primary addictive component for common substances like tobacco to answer such questions accurately.

Question 6. Which of the following is energy-giving nutrient?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins
(d) Minerals
Answer: (a) Carbohydrates
In simple words: Carbohydrates are the main nutrients that give our body energy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify nutrients based on their primary function (e.g., energy, body-building, protective) to answer related questions.

Question 7. Which of the following is body-building nutrient?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
Answer: (b) Proteins
In simple words: Proteins are essential nutrients that help our body grow and repair itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that proteins are known as the "building blocks" of the body, crucial for growth and repair.

Question 8. Which mineral is important for strong bones and teeth?
(a) Calcium only
(b) Phosphorus only
(c) Calcium & phosphorus
(d) Iron
Answer: (c) Calcium & Phosphorus
In simple words: Both calcium and phosphorus are very important minerals that work together to make our bones and teeth strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that some bodily functions rely on multiple nutrients working together, like calcium and phosphorus for bone health.

Question 9. Kwashiorkor happens because of deficiency of which of the following?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Carbohydrates and proteins
Answer: (b) Proteins
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is mainly caused by not having enough protein in one's diet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different malnutrition diseases and their specific nutrient deficiencies (e.g., Kwashiorkor for protein, Marasmus for protein and energy).

Question 10. Marasmus happens because of deficiency of which of the following?
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Carbohydrates and proteins
Answer: (d) Carbohydrates and proteins
In simple words: Marasmus occurs when a person lacks both carbohydrates (energy) and proteins in their diet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that Marasmus is a more severe form of malnutrition than Kwashiorkor, involving a deficiency of both energy and protein.

Question 11. Which of the following is used both as painkiller as well as intoxicant?
(a) Morphene
(b) Codeine
(c) Diazepam
Answer: (b) Codeine
In simple words: Codeine is a substance that can help relieve pain but can also be used to get high, making it an intoxicant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of substances that have dual uses (medicinal and intoxicating), as this highlights their potential for abuse.

Question. Alcohol abuse badly affects which organ in the long run?
(a) Stomach
(b) Brain
(c) Liver
(d) Lungs
Answer: (c) Liver
In simple words: Over a long time, drinking too much alcohol severely damages the liver.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the long-term effects of substance abuse on vital organs, especially the liver with alcohol consumption.

Food And Human Health Rbse Rajasthan Board Solutions Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Which are the energy giving nutrients?
Answer: Carbohydrates and fats are the main nutrients that provide energy to our body. They are like fuel for our daily activities.
In simple words: Carbohydrates and fats give us energy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two primary energy-giving nutrients and their role in the body.

Question 2. Which is the body-building nutrient?
Answer: Protein is the body-building nutrient. It is essential for growth, repair of tissues, and making new cells.
In simple words: Protein helps build and repair our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that protein is crucial for muscle development and cellular repair, earning it the "body-building" label.

Question 3. Name a food which is a good source of calcium?
Answer: Milk is an excellent source of calcium. It is widely known for its role in strengthening bones and teeth.
In simple words: Milk is a very good source of calcium.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a common and clear example when asked for a food source of a specific nutrient.

Question 4. Name a food which is a good source of iron?
Answer: Spinach is a good source of iron. Iron is important for making red blood cells and carrying oxygen in the body.
In simple words: Spinach is a good food to get iron.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning a green leafy vegetable like spinach is a common and correct example for iron sources.

Question 6. What is anaemia?
Answer: Anaemia is a condition where the level of haemoglobin in the blood is low. This means the blood cannot carry enough oxygen, leading to tiredness and weakness. Often caused by iron deficiency, anaemia is a common nutritional disorder.
In simple words: Anaemia means having too little haemoglobin in your blood, making you feel weak.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a health condition, include both its direct cause (low haemoglobin) and its main symptoms (tiredness, weakness).

Question 7. What are the symptoms of beriberi?
Answer: The symptoms of beriberi include a weak heart beat, weak muscles, and damaged nerves. This disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).
In simple words: Beriberi symptoms are a weak heart, weak muscles, and nerve problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be specific with symptoms, especially for diseases affecting multiple body systems like beriberi.

Question 8. What are the symptoms of pellagra?
Answer: The main symptom of pellagra is crust formation on the tongue and skin. It is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3).
In simple words: Pellagra shows up as crusty spots on the tongue and skin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the most distinguishing symptom when asked about a disease, like skin and tongue issues for pellagra.

Question 9. What are the symptoms of rickets?
Answer: Rickets is characterized by bones of the legs bending and knees coming closer to each other. This condition results from a lack of Vitamin D and calcium, essential for bone development.
In simple words: Rickets makes leg bones bend and knees come close together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the most visible physical symptoms for diseases like rickets, as these are often key diagnostic features.

Question 10. What are the functions of sodium in our body?
Answer: Sodium plays several important roles in our body: it helps muscles work correctly, aids in the transmission of nerve signals, and helps maintain the balance of water and acid-base in blood and tissues. Sodium is a critical electrolyte for many bodily processes.
In simple words: Sodium helps muscles, sends nerve signals, and keeps water and acid levels balanced in our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: List multiple key functions for essential minerals to show a thorough understanding of their importance.

Question 11. What are the functions of iron in the body?
Answer: Iron is essential for the formation of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and for oxidation processes in tissues. It helps carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
In simple words: Iron helps make red blood cells and moves oxygen around in our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the crucial role of iron in oxygen transport, which is its primary function.

Question 13. What is systolic blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic blood pressure is the pressure measured during the contraction, or systole, of the left ventricle of the heart. This is the higher number in a blood pressure reading.
In simple words: Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when your heart beats and pushes blood out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define systolic pressure as the pressure during heart contraction and relate it to the higher number in a reading.

Question 14. What is diastolic blood pressure?
Answer: Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure measured during the relaxation, or diastole, of the left ventricle of the heart. This is the lower number in a blood pressure reading, when the heart refills with blood.
In simple words: Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when your heart rests between beats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define diastolic pressure as the pressure during heart relaxation and connect it to the lower number in a reading.

Question 15. What is hypertension?
Answer: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, occurs when blood pressure consistently stays higher than the normal range. This puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels.
In simple words: Hypertension means your blood pressure is always too high.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain hypertension as a persistent condition, not just a temporary rise in blood pressure.

Food And Human Health Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries as it flows through them. In a healthy person, normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. The reading includes two types of pressure: systolic (when the heart beats) and diastolic (when the heart rests). Regular checks are important to ensure it stays within a healthy range.
In simple words: Blood pressure is the pushing force of blood inside your arteries; a healthy person's reading is usually 120/80.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define blood pressure clearly, include the normal range, and briefly mention its two components.

Question 2. What are the harms of alcohol?
Answer: Alcohol consumption can have several harms:

• It causes a lack of alertness, impairing judgment.
• It leads to a loss of control over cognitive (thinking) functions.
• In the long run, it can severely damage the liver.
• Consuming fake or impure alcohol can lead to blindness and even death.

These effects highlight the dangers of alcohol abuse.
In simple words: Alcohol makes you less alert, harms your thinking, damages your liver over time, and dangerous alcohol can cause blindness or death.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both the immediate (lack of alertness) and long-term (liver damage, severe health risks) consequences of alcohol consumption.

Various constituents of food which are necessary for growth and nourishing life are called nutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are the nutrients. Carbohydrates and fats provide energy to the body. Hence, they are known as energy-giving food. Proteins facilitates growth and repair and hence it is called the body-building food. Vitamins and minerals help the body in fighting diseases. So, vitamins and minerals are called protective food.

Question 4. Write a short note on marasmus.
Answer: Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition that happens when a person's diet lacks both protein and energy-giving foods. Patients with marasmus become very thin, looking like a skeleton, and their eyes may appear sunken. This disease mostly affects children under one year old, especially if they are weaned from mother's milk when the mother becomes pregnant. Due to poverty and insufficient food, children may not get enough nutrients and begin to suffer from marasmus.
In simple words: Marasmus is a serious sickness where a child becomes very thin like a skeleton because they don't get enough protein or energy from food.

🎯 Exam Tip: For notes on diseases, clearly state the cause, main symptoms, and the typical population affected.

Question 5. What is the importance of water for our body?
Answer: Water is very important for our body in many ways:

• It is needed for every biological function, helping our body parts work.
• Water helps in proper bowel movement, preventing constipation.
• It assists in the proper digestion of food.
• About 70% of our body weight is made up of water.

Staying hydrated is crucial for overall health.
In simple words: Water is key for all body functions, helps digestion, aids bowel movement, and makes up most of our body weight.

🎯 Exam Tip: List multiple vital roles of water in the body, emphasizing its general importance for all biological processes.

Question 6. What are the desirable properties of drinking water?
Answer: The desirable properties of drinking water include:

• It should be colourless, meaning it has no visible tint.
• It should be odourless, with no strange smells.

These qualities indicate that the water is clean and safe to consume.
In simple words: Good drinking water should have no color and no smell.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the sensory characteristics (color, odor) that indicate water quality for a concise answer.

Question 8. Write a short note on hypertension.
Answer: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, happens when blood pressure stays consistently above the normal level. This condition can be caused by obesity, diabetes, and older age. Eating a diet rich in fats can increase cholesterol in the blood, which may block arteries. When arteries are blocked, it can lead to coronary artery disease, a serious type of heart disease. Managing diet and lifestyle helps prevent heart problems.
In simple words: Hypertension means your blood pressure is too high all the time. Eating fatty foods and having other health problems can cause it, which can hurt your heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining health conditions, always mention the primary cause, symptoms, and potential long-term effects for a complete answer.

Question 9. Write a short note on hypotension.
Answer: Hypotension is when blood pressure drops below the normal range, also known as low blood pressure. This condition reduces the amount of blood supplied to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. If these organs don't get enough blood, it can cause lasting damage and, in severe cases, even lead to death. Keeping blood pressure in a healthy range is crucial for organ function.
In simple words: Hypotension means your blood pressure is too low. This can stop important organs like the heart and brain from getting enough blood, which is very dangerous.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between hypotension (low blood pressure) and hypertension (high blood pressure) by explaining their contrasting effects on the body.

Question 10. What do you understand by misuse of some medicines?
Answer: Some medicines have properties that can cause sedation (drowsiness) if taken in higher doses, leading people to become addicted. Examples include morphene, diazepam, nitrazepam, buprinorphin, pathadene, and codeine. Many pharmacies sometimes sell these medicines without a doctor's prescription, which makes it easier for young people to use them illegally to get a daily high. This misuse can lead to serious health and social problems.
In simple words: Misusing medicines means taking them in larger amounts than needed, often for a "high" feeling. Some medicines can make you sleepy and are addictive, leading people to use them wrongly for a daily fix.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing medicine misuse, mention both the types of substances and the negative societal impact for a comprehensive answer.

Food And Human Health Rajasthan Board Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2. Why do we suffer from shortage of water? Suggest some ways to conserve water.
Answer: We face water shortages because over 95% of the Earth's water is salty ocean water, which is not suitable for drinking. Less than 2% of the Earth's total water is fresh, drinkable water. This small amount leads to frequent shortages, meaning people often struggle to find enough clean water. It's important to remember that water is a precious resource. To conserve water, we can take several steps, like using a bucket for bathing instead of a shower to use less water, and turning off the tap while brushing teeth. We can also reuse water, such as the water left after washing clothes or vegetables, for watering plants or cleaning vehicles. Fixing any leaks in taps or pipelines is also crucial to prevent waste.
In simple words: We have little drinking water because most water on Earth is salty. To save water, use less for bathing, turn off taps when not in use, reuse water from washing, and fix leaks.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific and practical conservation methods; a general statement about saving water is not enough to score full marks.

Question 3. What is blood pressure? What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure is the force that blood applies against the walls of the arteries as it flows through the body. For a healthy person, normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mm Hg. This measurement has two parts: systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic blood pressure is the higher number (like 120 mm Hg) and represents the pressure when the heart contracts or pumps blood out. Diastolic blood pressure is the lower number (like 80 mm Hg) and shows the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats, filling with blood. Understanding both numbers helps assess heart health accurately.
In simple words: Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing on your artery walls. Systolic is the pressure when your heart beats (the top number), and diastolic is the pressure when your heart rests between beats (the bottom number).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define both systolic and diastolic pressure and state their normal values to demonstrate a complete understanding.

Question 4. What do you understand by addictive substances? Briefly explain any three addictive substance.
Answer: Addictive substances are those that have properties that can make people dependent on them, leading to addiction. These substances are very harmful to the body and can cause severe health problems. Some common addictive substances include:
1. **Gutkha:** This is a mixture of betel nut, lime, catechu, and various flavoring agents. It is often mixed with tobacco, and chewing it can lead to oral cancer and submucous fibrosis.
2. **Tobacco:** People consume tobacco in many ways, such as smoking or chewing. Both forms contain nicotine, a highly addictive chemical. Tobacco use is a major cause of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases.
3. **Alcohol:** Alcohol is a highly addictive substance, with ethanol or ethyl alcohol being its main component. It is found in different concentrations in various alcoholic drinks and its regular consumption can cause liver damage and brain disorders. It is important to understand the risks associated with such substances.
In simple words: Addictive substances are things that people get hooked on, causing harm to their body. Examples are gutkha, tobacco, and alcohol, which can lead to serious health issues like cancer and organ damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each substance, mention its composition or form of use and at least one major health risk to ensure a detailed explanation.

Question 5. What are the harms of addictive substances?
Answer: Addictive substances cause many harmful effects on a person's life and health. Firstly, a person can become completely controlled by the substance, losing their freedom. This addiction makes individuals less productive in their work and economic activities. They often become a burden on their family and society due to their inability to function normally. The addiction drains money, impacting the family's finances and disrupting their normal daily life. Addictive substances can make a person sick with various side effects, leading to conditions like hypertension, heart disease, and cancer. Ultimately, addiction can shorten a person's lifespan. In some cases, addicted individuals may even turn to crime to get money for their addiction. It's a cycle of harm that affects many aspects of life.
In simple words: Addictive substances make people sick, poor, and lose control of their lives. They can cause serious diseases like heart problems and cancer, make people less productive, and sometimes lead to crime.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing harms, include a mix of health, economic, and social consequences to show a full grasp of the topic's impact.