RBSE Solutions Class 10 English Prose Chapter 2 On Violence

Activity 1: Comprehension

A. Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1. Physical violence kills people:
(a) incidentally
(b) willingly
(c) unwillingly
(d) none
Answer: (b) willingly
In simple words: Physical violence is usually done on purpose, with the intent to harm or kill someone. It is not an accident.

🎯 Exam Tip: When choosing options, think about the core meaning of the words. "Willingly" implies intent, which aligns with "to kill or hurt people knowingly" as described in the text.

Question 2. Violence in individuals comes:
(a) by birth
(b) after birth
(c) through education
(d) none.
Answer: (a) by birth
In simple words: The text suggests that things like hate and cruelty are natural weaknesses in humans. This means they are present from birth, not learned later.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to phrases like "inherent weaknesses" or "natural in man" as they indicate qualities present from birth.

Question 3. While showing violence to others, man
(a) very thoughtful about his own safety
(b) not very much cruel
(c) conscious about his family
(d) even ready to be killed
Answer: (d) even ready to be killed
In simple words: When people get very violent, especially in wars, they can be so committed that they are ready to die to protect their beliefs or status.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the extreme consequences of violence mentioned in the text, such as readiness to kill or even die, especially in contexts like war.

Question 4. A person without the sense of love is
(a) better than animals
(b) worse than animals
(c) equal to animals
(d) worse than snakes
Answer: (b) worse than animals
In simple words: If someone lacks love and care, their life can become very unhappy and full of problems, making it seem worse than an animal's life.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text often contrasts human values like love and affection with negative traits, highlighting how their absence can lead to a degraded human existence.

Question 5. The state of bliss in human mind may be generated by
(a) violence
(b) mercy
(c) education
(d) destruction
Answer: (c) education
In simple words: Education helps people to become wise and understand life better, which can lead to a peaceful and joyful mind.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text emphasizes education as a tool to overcome weaknesses and become a rational, happy human being, suggesting it plays a role in achieving a state of bliss.

B. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each:

Question 1. What are the characteristics of physical violence?
शारीरिक हिंसा के क्या लक्षण हैं?
Answer: Physical violence is filled with cruelty, hatred, and a desire to oppose. It is always done without thinking much and aims to kill or harm others on purpose. This type of violence causes direct physical harm.
शारीरिक (भौतिक) हिंसा क्रूरता, नफरत और विरोध से पूर्ण होता है। यह हमेशा बिना कुछ सोचे-समझे ही किया जाता है। इसके तहत किसी दूसरे व्यक्ति को जान-बूझ कर मार देने की भावना होती है।
In simple words: Physical violence is cruel and hateful. It means purposely hurting or killing someone without much thought.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing physical violence, focus on the words that show intent to harm, such as "cruelty," "hatred," and "knowingly."

Question 2. What are the characteristics of inward violence?
अंतर्मन की हिंसा के क्या लक्षण होते हैं?
Answer: Inward violence involves disliking, hating, and criticizing other people. Its goal is to force others to think in a way that matches our own views. This kind of violence is connected to arguing with both others and oneself, often leading to inner conflict. It's a silent form of aggression that affects a person's inner peace.
अंतर्मन की हिंसा किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को न पसंद करना, उसके प्रति अपने अंदर घृणा का भाव पालना और उसकी निंदा करना, से पूर्ण होता है। इसका उद्देश्य किसी दूसरे व्यक्ति को अपनी धारणा के अनुसार चलने के लिए वाध्य करना होता है इसका संबंध स्वयं से और किसी दूसरे के साथ संघर्ष, दोनों से होता है।
In simple words: Inward violence is about disliking, hating, and criticizing others, and trying to make them think like us. It causes fights inside and with others.

🎯 Exam Tip: For inward violence, highlight internal feelings and attempts to control others' thoughts, as opposed to physical actions.

Question 3. What is more important than having a Ph.D degree?
पीएच. डी. की डिग्री होने से कहीं अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है?
Answer: Having love, affection, kindness, and consideration for others is more important than a Ph.D. degree. Without these good values, people tend to use violent ways of life. This means they contribute to destroying the world instead of building it. True wisdom comes from applying these values in life.
दूसरों के प्रति प्रेम, स्नेह, दयालुता और विचार करने की क्षमता पीएच. डी. की डिग्री होने से कहीं अच्छा है। इन तमाम मूल्यों के अभाव में लोग हिंसक मार्ग अपना लेते हैं। और इस तरह से एक व्यक्ति विश्व में अपना योगदान हिंसा के रूप में देता है।
In simple words: Love, kindness, and caring for others are more important than a Ph.D. Without these, people often become violent and cause harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the moral and human values the author prioritizes over academic achievements, emphasizing their role in preventing violence.

Question 4. How does education help people?
शिक्षा मनुष्य को किस प्रकार से सहयोग करती है?
Answer: Education is a very strong tool that helps people not only to pass exams and get good jobs but also to overcome their violent weaknesses. It helps them move beyond negative feelings like anger, hate, and cruelty, which create a violent society. Education guides people to grow past these flaws and build a better society. It makes a person think reasonably and behave well.
क्रूरता, क्रोध, विरोध और घृणा-ये सभी मनुष्य के स्वभाविक गुण हैं। शिक्षा मनुष्य को इन सभी दुर्गुणों से मुक्त होने में मददगार होती है। निश्चय ही यह मनुष्य को समझदार व्यक्ति बनाने का काम करता है।
In simple words: Education helps people overcome bad feelings like hate and anger. It makes them wise and helps them build a better world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize education's dual role: personal growth (overcoming weaknesses) and societal contribution (building a new society).

Question 5. What does man realize in older age?
वृद्धावस्था में मनुष्य क्या अनुभव करता है?
Answer: In old age, a person often understands the sadness and problems of their life. They discover that their life was full of mistakes and confusion. They start to strongly desire love and affection, often feeling that their life turned out worse than that of animals due to these missing elements. They realize the importance of true human connection.
वृद्धावस्था में मनुष्य अपने जीवन की दुर्दशा का अनुभव करता है। वह पाता है कि उसका पूरा जीवन गलतियों और भ्रांतियों से भरा है। वह स्थायी प्रेम और स्नेह की उम्मीद करता है। उसका जीवन तो पशुओं से भी बदतर स्थिति को प्राप्त हो चुका होता है।
In simple words: In old age, people realize their life was full of sadness and mistakes. They wish for love and care, and feel their life was worse than animals without it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the themes of regret, the search for affection, and self-reflection that come with old age according to the text.

Question 6. When does human life become full of joy?
मनुष्य का जीवन कब आनंद से पूर्ण होता है?
Answer: Human life becomes full of joy when people are free from hate and conflict, living happily and joyfully with others. When a person is truly independent, their life gains a clear meaning and becomes rich with happiness. This freedom allows for genuine peace and contentment.
जब मनुष्य स्वतंत्र होता है, जीवन किसी दूसरे से बिना किसी संघर्ष और घृणा के खुशियों और आनंद से भरा होता है। उसका जीवन औरों से बिलकुल अलग अर्थपूर्ण और आनंद से परिपूर्ण होता है।
In simple words: Life becomes joyful when a person is free from hate and fights, living happily and freely with others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the idea of joy with freedom from negative emotions and conflicts, emphasizing peace and happiness in relationships.

C. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each:

Question 1. How does education contribute to overpower violence?
शिक्षा किस प्रकार से हिंसा पर नियंत्रण करने में सहायक सिद्ध होता है?
Answer: Education can stop violence through formal learning by giving children important social skills. It helps them develop critical thinking, solve problems well, and communicate clearly. Even though violence, opposition, anger, and cruelty are natural human weaknesses, education helps people overcome them. A truly educated person uses their sharp mind to resist violent acts, making education a powerful tool not just for success in exams and jobs, but also for building a wise and healthy mind. This helps individuals and society move towards peace. The ability to reason and understand consequences is a key aspect developed through education.
शिक्षा अपने औपचारिक स्वरूप के माध्यम से हिंसा को रोकने में सहयोग करता है। औपचारिक शिक्षा बच्चों को महत्त्वपूर्ण सामाजिक कौशल सीखने, समीक्षात्मक विवेक क्षमता, समस्याओं के समाधान की रणनीति, संप्रेषण की क्षमता का विकास करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है। हिंसा, विरोध की प्रवृत्ति, करत और क्रूरता-इन सभी मानवों के स्वभाविक गुण हैं। क्रोध और भद्दी आलोचना, भी मनुष्य को हिंसक बनने में मददगार होता है। ये तमाम कमजोरियां वास्तव में मनुष्य को हिंसक बनाते हैं। लेकिन जिस व्यक्ति के पास कुशाग्र बुद्धि होता है तो वह उसे हिंसक बनने से रोकता है। शिक्षा इस मामले में एक सशक्त हथियार है जो न केवल उसे परीक्षा पास करने और नौकरी पाने में सहायक होता है बल्कि एक समझदार व्यक्ति भी बनाता है। र्फि एक शिक्षित व्यक्ति के पास ही एक सुन्दर और स्वस्थ मस्तिष्क होता है।
In simple words: Education teaches important skills like thinking clearly and solving problems. It helps people control bad feelings like anger and hate, making them wise and less violent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on education's role in developing critical thinking, social skills, and the ability to overcome inherent human weaknesses that lead to violence.

Question 2. What are the author's views about the old and the new cultures?
पुरानी और नई संस्कृति के प्रति लेखक का क्या विचार है?
Answer: The author strongly disagrees with the old culture, seeing it as gone and completely destroyed. He believes it was full of violence and anger, which caused much confusion and sadness in society. In contrast, the author feels that a new culture, free from violence, has the power to change the world. This new culture would teach people to avoid outward cruelty done in the name of God, religion, personal importance, or family security. The world truly needs this new, peaceful culture and a new society that values understanding and compassion. This shift is crucial for global harmony.
लेखक पुरानी संस्कृति का कतई समर्थन नहीं करते। वे समझते हैं कि वह मर चुका है, दफन हो चुका है, जल चुका है, फट चुका है और वाष्पित हो चुका है। यह हिंसा और शत्रुतापूर्ण व्यवहार से पूर्ण है जो समाज में भ्रम और दुर्दशा को प्रदर्शित करता है। दूसरी ओर लेखक सोचते हैं कि नई संस्कृति हिंसा से मुक्त होगा जिसके पास विश्व को बदल देने की क्षमता है। एक नई संस्कृति मनुष्य को मनुष्य के साथ ईश्वर, धर्म, अपने महत्त्व और परिवार की सुरक्षा के नाम पर हिंसा की भावना से बाहर निकलने का शिक्षा देगा। आज विश्व को एक नई संस्कृति, एक नए समाज की आवश्यकता है।
In simple words: The author believes the old culture was violent and caused problems, so it's bad. He thinks a new culture, without violence, is needed to make the world better and peaceful.

🎯 Exam Tip: Compare and contrast the characteristics of the old culture (violence, aggression) with the new culture (peace, freedom from cruelty) as per the author's perspective.

Question 3. How can the world of Nature be best enjoyed?
किस प्रकार से संसार के प्राकृतिक स्वरूप का बेहतर ढंग से आनंद ले सकते हैं?
Answer: We can enjoy nature best when our minds and hearts are open. We can truly appreciate nature when we are free from fear and violence. This special kind of joy is part of true education. A peaceful mind can sense the deep quietness all around, and a feeling of great beauty and being alone helps us fully enjoy this wonderful natural happiness. For example, listening to birds sing in the morning with a calm mind can bring immense joy. People need education to truly appreciate the world around them.
The world of nature can best be enjoyed when we have an open mind and heart. We can enjoy the presence of nature when we are free of fear and violence. Only some people know about this extraordinary bliss, which is part of education. A peaceful mind can feel a deep silence all around. A sense of great beauty and loneliness helps us enjoy this supreme joy of nature. People must get education to enjoy the world of nature.
In simple words: We enjoy nature best with an open, peaceful mind, free from fear and violence. It's about feeling the beauty and quietness around us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the internal conditions (open mind, freedom from fear/violence, peaceful mind) that allow for a deeper appreciation of nature's beauty.

Question 4. When does life become a terrible business?
जीवन किस समय भयावह व्यवसाय बन जाता है?
Answer: Life turns into a terrible business when people lack love, affection, charity, and generosity. The author believes that violence, hatred, cruelty, criticism, and anger are natural human weaknesses. People adopt violent methods when they are not taught how to overcome these flaws. When humans face the truth of these weaknesses, they are forced to consider their impact; otherwise, they too become part of the violent world. The absence of these important human values makes life feel meaningless and full of struggle. For instance, constantly fighting and holding grudges makes life miserable and unproductive.
हिंसा, विरोध, घृणा, क्रूरता, निंदा और क्रोध मनुष्य की स्वभाविक कमजोरियां है। लेखक बताते हैं कि मनुष्यों को जीवन की इन समस्त कमजोरियों के वारे । में सही ज्ञान दिया जाय क्योंकि ये दुर्गुणे महज व्यक्ति को हिंसा के लिए प्रेरित करने का काम करती हैं। जब मनुष्य के सामने इन सभी दुर्गुणों का पोल खुल जाता है तो वह इसके परिणाम के वारे में सोचने को मजबूर हो जाता है अन्यथा वह भी बांकी विश्व समुदाय का अंग बन जाता है। ये जीवन को प्रेम, स्नेह, दान और उदारता से रहित कर देता है। इन मानवीय मूल्यों से रहित होने पर जीवन एक भयावह व्यवसाय बन कर रह जाता है।
In simple words: Life becomes terrible when people lack love, kindness, and generosity. Without these good qualities, they become violent and their life feels like a constant struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the connection between the absence of positive human values (love, kindness) and the negative consequences, making life seem "terrible."

Question 5. How does J. Krishnamurti point out the dangers of violence?
जे. कृष्णमूर्ति ने किस प्रकार हिंसा के खतरों को दर्शाया है?
Answer: J. Krishnamurti, a respected writer and educator, is deeply concerned about the widespread violence in the world. He views it as a great threat to humanity. He identifies two main types of violence: physical and inward. Physical violence involves consciously killing or hurting people, while inward violence causes inner turmoil and suffering. He explains that the most extreme form of violence is war, which destroys ideas and prevents love, affection, and generosity from growing in people. Without these values, humans lose their ability to reason and become harmful to others, failing to build a new culture of happiness. He is worried about violence globally. For example, he argues that our inner conflicts often lead to outward aggression, harming both ourselves and society.
लेखक एक जाने माने शिक्षाविद और रचनाकार हैं। वे मानवता के पुरोधा और वर्तमान विश्व में व्याप्त हिंसा, उनके लिए विचार का एक विषय वस्तु है। वे हिंसा को मानवता के लिए सबसे बड़ा खतरे के रूप में आंकते हैं। वे हिंसा को दो तरह से खतरा मानते हैं। व्यक्ति दूसरों को जान-बूझ कर अथवा बड़ी सावधानी से या तो जान से मार देते हैं या हर आघात पहुंचाते हैं। वहीं अंतर्मन की हिंसा उन्हें भीतर ही भीतर जलाती है। अंतिम हिंसा युद्ध है जो हमारे विचारों को ही मार डालता है। यह प्रेम, स्नेह, दान और उदारता को मनुष्य के अंदर पनपने ही नहीं देता है। इन मूल्यों के अभाव में वे अपनी विवेकशीलता खो देते हैं और मानवता के शत्रु बन जाते हैं। यह कोई नई संस्कृति नहीं बनाता जहां मनुष्य खुशी से रह सके और प्रकृति का सर्वोच्च आनंद ले सके। इसलिए, लेखक पूरी दुनिया में फैली हिंसा से बहुत चिंतित हैं।
In simple words: J. Krishnamurti sees violence, both physical and inner, as a huge danger. He says it stops love and kindness, makes us lose reason, and leads to wars, making life unhappy and destroying good ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining Krishnamurti's views, clearly define the two types of violence (physical and inward) and their broad impact on human values and society.

Activity 2: Vocabulary

A. Given below is the list of a few affixes and a few words. Form new words by putting suitable affixes before the given words:
affixes: mis, dis, in, ir, il, im
words: advantage, legal, possible, rational, sane, behave, like, satisfaction, security,
Example: Irrational behavior is a negative attribute.

🎯 Exam Tip: To correctly add prefixes, understand the meaning of each prefix and how it changes the base word. Practice helps in recognizing common prefix-root combinations.

B. Given below is the list of a few suffixes and a few words. Form new words by adding suitable suffixes after the given words:
suffixes : ness, ty, ity, ation, y, ment, ful, ly, fully
words: develop, cruel, health, consider, brutal, dust, happy, care, bliss conscious, constant
Example: A regular exercise keeps us

🎯 Exam Tip: When adding suffixes, be mindful of any spelling changes in the base word (e.g., dropping 'y' and adding 'i'). Suffixes often change a word's part of speech.

Ans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding how words change their form (adjective, noun, verb, adverb) helps in expanding vocabulary and using words correctly in different contexts.

D. Fill in the blanks with synonyms of words given in the brackets:
1. The world is full of .......violence. (very large)
2. Unfortunately people are motivated by ....... (opposition and hatred)
3. Nowadays ....... has become a rare virtue. (kindness)
4. The state of ....... can only be felt when violence is out of mind.(perfect happiness)
5. Violence and anger are................. in man. (natural)
Answers:
1. enormous
2. antagonism
3. generosity
4. bliss
5. inherent
In simple words: For fill-in-the-blanks, choose words that have the same meaning as the words in brackets and fit the sentence correctly.

🎯 Exam Tip: To excel in synonyms, practice with a thesaurus and pay attention to context clues in the sentence to ensure the chosen word fits perfectly.

E. Fill in the blanks with antonyms of words given in the brackets:
1. In the ....... mind only negative thoughts enter. (sane)
2. ........ is no longer tolerable. (rational)
Answers:
2. irrational
3. bliss
4. appreciated
5. awareness
In simple words: For antonyms, find the word that means the opposite of the given word and fits the sentence properly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding antonyms, consider common prefixes that denote opposition (e.g., 'un-', 'dis-', 'ir-') but always verify the meaning within the sentence's context.

Activity 3: Grammar

1. Simple Past Tense:

Question. Put in the blanks the correct form of the verbs given in brackets:
1. Columbus .......... America. (discover)
2. He .......... favourably from eight institutions. (hear)
3. She .......... from Agra on last Monday. (return)
4. When .......... you last .......... your father? (see)
5. It is exactly five years ago today that we .......... married. (get)
6. The Police .......... the thief yesterday. (catch)
7. He suddenly .......... that he was travelling in wrong direction. (realize)
8. He .......... me up just now. (ring)
9. I .......... a letter from my wife last week. (have)
10. The thief had escaped before he .......... into the room. (come)
Answers:
1. discovered
2. heard
3. returned
4. did, see
5. got
6. caught
7. realized
8. rang
9. had
10. came
In simple words: Change the verbs in the brackets to their past simple form to show that the actions happened in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that simple past tense describes completed actions in the past. Be careful with irregular verbs, which do not follow the usual "-ed" rule.

2. Past Progressive/Continuous Tense:

Question. Exercise Past Continuous or Past Simple:
6. He suddenly ............ (realize) that he .......... (travel) in the wrong direction.
7. As I .......... (cross) the road I .......... (step) on a banana skin and (fall) heavily.
8. He .......... (leave) the blind school and .......... (enroll) at another school.
9. The Hartman's .......... (feel) that David .......... (head) for grief.
10. I was thinking about the problem at night, but I never .......... (find) the answer.
Answers:
1. was washing, rang
2. were having
3. rang
4. was walking
5. was talking
6. Realized, was travelling
7. was crossing, stepped, fell
8. left, was enrolling
9. felt, was heading
10. found.
In simple words: Use past continuous for actions that were ongoing in the past, and past simple for actions that interrupted them or were completed.

🎯 Exam Tip: The past continuous often sets the scene for an action interrupted by the past simple. Look for keywords like "while," "as," or time expressions indicating duration.

3. Past Perfect Tense:

Question. Exercise Put the verbs given in the brackets in the correct forms, using Past perfect (had+ past participle form or Past Simple):
1. He said he .......... (be + not) present at the meeting
2. John wanted to know why Mary .......... (come) home late.
3. Until he .......... (explain), the students .......... (not understand).
4. He .......... (go) blind before he .......... (be) nine years of age.
5. The fire .......... (burn) for three hours when the firemen .......... (arrive).
6. His neighbors .......... (will) not speak to him until he .......... (apologize)
7. The workers .......... (will) not call off the strike unless their demands .......... (accept).
8. He told me that he .... never .......... (meet) you.
Answers:
1. had been
2. had come
3. had explained, did not understand
4. had gone, was
In simple words: Use past perfect (had + past participle) for an action that happened before another past action. Use past simple for the later past action.

🎯 Exam Tip: The past perfect tense is used to show a sequence of events in the past, indicating which action happened first. Look for time markers like "before," "after," or "by the time."

Activity 4: Speech Activity

Activity 5: Composition

Question 1. Write a paragraph in about 100 words describing the advantages of non violence.
अहिंसा के गुणों की व्याख्या करते हुए लगभग 100 शब्दों को एक अनुच्छेद लिखें।
Answer: Non-violence means not wanting to hurt or kill anyone. It's a personal way of living that focuses on being harmless to yourself and others. This idea comes from moral, religious, or spiritual beliefs. Non-violence also includes active steps to create change. Many people see non-violence as a way to achieve social and political changes. For example, the non-violent methods of Tolstoy and Gandhi were ways to reject violence for social change. In today's world, peaceful actions are a strong tool for social protests and political changes. Non-violence helps us live a happy and peaceful life. It shows that strength can come from peaceful means, not from aggression.
अहिंसा का तात्पर्य उस इच्छा से है जिसमें व्यक्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को न तो किसी प्रकार की हानि पहुंचाना चाहता है और न ही उसे मारना चाहता। यह अपने और दूसरों के प्रति किसी हानि रहित रहने का व्यक्तिगत प्रयोग है। अहिंसा का उद्देश्य व्यक्ति की आध्यात्मिक, धार्मिक और नैतिक मूल्यों पर आधारित होता है। अहिंसा एक सक्रिय गतिविधि अथवा कर्मठता का तत्त्व है। अधिकांश जन अहिंसा को राजनैतिक और सामाजिक बदलाव का सशक्त हथियार मानते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए गांधीजी और लियो टॉलस्टाय का अहिंसा सामाजिक बदलाव लाने का एक दर्शन और रणनीति था जिसमें हिंसा को सिरे से नकार दिया गया। वर्तमान समय में अहिंसा समाजिक विरोध जताने और राजनैतिक बदलाव लाने हेतु कार्य करने का एक सशक्त तरीका और माध्यम बन गया है। अहिंसा हमें शांतिपूर्ण तरीके से और खुशियों से भरपूर आनंद के साथ जीवन जीने में सहायक है।
In simple words: Non-violence means not wanting to hurt anyone and living peacefully. It helps create social change and leads to a happy life.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about non-violence, clearly explain its meaning and connect it to its practical benefits, such as social change and peaceful living, using relevant examples like Gandhi.

Question 2. Write a paragraph in about 100 words describing how you behave with your teachers. You may include the following points :
आपका अपने शिक्षक के साथ केसा व्यवहार करते हैं इस विषय पर लगभग 100 शब्दों में एक अनुच्छेद लिखें जिसमें निम्नलिखित विंदुओं को भी शामिल करें:
(i) Regular in the class/showing respect (कक्षा में नियमित उपस्थिति/सम्मान देते हुए)
(ii) Punctuality of time (समय की पावंदी)
(iii) The school uniform (विद्यालय का पोशाक)
Answer: I always treat my teachers with great respect. Whenever I see them, I immediately touch their feet to show my reverence and receive their blessings. I make sure to attend class regularly and always arrive on time, listening carefully to everything my teachers say. My punctuality is unquestionable. My school uniform is always clean and smart, never dirty, and it shines in the classroom. All my subject teachers are happy with me because I always complete my homework on time. If a question is asked in class, I am quick to give a correct answer. My behavior in class and my respect for teachers have earned me a good reputation in school. I always follow the good examples set by my teachers and learn valuable life lessons from them. My respectful conduct fosters a positive learning environment.
मैं हमेशा अपने शिक्षकों का सम्मान करता हूं। जब भी मैं उन्हें देखता हूं, तत्क्षण मैं उनका चरण-स्पर्श करता हूं और उनसे आशीर्वाद प्राप्त करता हूं। मैं कक्षा में भी नियमित ढंग से उपस्थित रहता हूं। प्रायः प्रार्थना में मैं उपस्थित होता हूं और शिक्षकों द्वारा दिए गए वक्तव्यों को भी बड़े ध्यान के साथ सुनता हूं। मेरे नियमितता के क्रम पर किसी प्रकार का संदेह नहीं किया जा सकता है। मेरा विद्यालय की पोशाक कभी गंदा नहीं रहता। यह कक्षा में निश्चित रूप से चमकता रहता है। मेरे सभी विषयों के शिक्षक मेरे प्रति स्नेह का भाव रखते हैं क्योंकि मैं अपना सभी गृहकार्य समय से पूरा करता हूं। यदि कक्षा में कोई प्रश्न पूछा जाता है तो मैं उसका सटीक उत्तर देता हूं। शिक्षकों के प्रति सम्मान का भाव और कक्षा में मेरा व्यवहार मुझे विद्यालय में एक अच्छा छवि प्रदान करता है। शिक्षक द्वारा दिए गए उदाहरणों के चरित्र को मैं हमेशा सहजता से अंगीकार कर लेता हूं। मैं उनके द्वारा बताए गए जीवन की अच्छी बातों को प्रायः सीखता रहता हूँ।
In simple words: I always respect my teachers by being regular, punctual, and keeping my uniform clean. I complete homework, answer questions, and learn good lessons from them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about your behavior, ensure you clearly link each point (regularity, punctuality, respect) to specific actions or attitudes, showing a comprehensive understanding of good student conduct.

Additional Questions and Answers

A. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Physical violence is related to kill people:
(a) unknowingly
(b) deliberately
(c) eliberately
(d) by mistake
Answer: (b) deliberately
In simple words: Physical violence means purposefully hurting or killing someone. It's not an accident.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always choose the option that best reflects the direct intention of physical violence as described in the text, which is to cause harm on purpose.

Question 2. Wars are fought for destroying:
(a) houses
(b) colleges
(c) ideas
(d) temples
Answer: (c) ideas
In simple words: Wars are often fought not just to destroy buildings, but to crush the ideas and beliefs of others.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text highlights that the "ultimate violence" is war, which "kills our ideas." This suggests the deepest destruction in war is often of ideology or opposing thoughts.

Question 3. Education prevents people from becoming
(a) rational beings
(b) educated beings
(c) lame beings
(d) violent
Answer: (d) violent
In simple words: Education helps people to not be violent and instead become wise and understanding.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recalling the recurring theme that education helps overcome human weaknesses like violence is key here. Option (d) fits this theme as the correct negative outcome that education helps prevent.

Question 5. A new culture is essential to build:
(a) a new society
(b) new books
(c) hostile beings
(d) an old society
Answer: (a) a new society
In simple words: A new culture is needed to create a completely new and better society.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text links a "new culture" directly to the need for a "new society" that is free from violence and based on noble qualities.

Question 6. Why is the old society dead?
(a) It has no power to create a new society.
(b) It has countless examples of noble works.
(c) The young people are guided well.
(d) It provides the beauty of mind.
Answer: (a) It has no power to create a new society.
In simple words: The old society is "dead" because it cannot create good, kind people and is based on violence.

🎯 Exam Tip: The author describes the old society as "dead and buried" because it lacks the capacity for positive change and is rooted in violence, contrasting it with the potential of a new culture.

Question 7. Our Ph. D degree is failed because of the lack of:
(a) hate
(b) antagonism
(c) love and affection
(d) violence
Answer: (c) love and affection
In simple words: A Ph.D. degree is not enough if someone doesn't have love and affection for others, making them fail in life.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text clearly states that love, affection, kindness, and consideration are more important than a Ph.D. degree, indicating that a lack of these values leads to failure.

Question 8. we need a .... heart to enjoy the bliss of nature.
(a) closed
(b) little
(c) hostile
(d) open
Answer: (d) open
In simple words: We need an open heart to truly enjoy the happiness and peace that nature offers.

🎯 Exam Tip: The author emphasizes that an "open mind and heart" are crucial for experiencing the true joy and beauty of nature.

Question 9. The new culture is often based on ....
(a) success and position
(b) status and position
(c) generosity and kindness
(d) hatred
Answer: (c) generosity and kindness
In simple words: The new culture should be built on good qualities like being kind and generous to everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: The author advocates for a new culture based on "noble qualities" and explicitly mentions "love and affection, kindness and generosity" as essential for a peaceful life.

Question 10. Great beauty and loneliness are the signs of :
(a) hot day
(b) deep silence
Answer: (b) deep silence
In simple words: A feeling of great beauty and loneliness often comes with a deep quietness, especially when experiencing nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: The text connects "great beauty and loneliness" with a "deep silence all around" when describing how to best enjoy the world of nature.

B. Short Answer Type Questions (30-40 words)

Question 1. How is physical violence different from inward violence?
भौतिक हिंसा (शारीरिक हिंसा) अंतर्मन की हिंसा से किस तरह भिन्न है?
Answer: Physical violence involves directly harming or killing people with clear intent. It includes saying cruel things without thinking and is full of hatred and opposition. In contrast, inward violence is about disliking, hating, and criticizing others internally. People with inward violence struggle and argue with themselves and others mentally, often trying to force their views on others. The key difference lies in outward physical action versus internal mental states. For example, a punch is physical violence, while constant resentment and critical thoughts are inward violence.
भौतिक हिंसा में मनुष्य दूसरों को जान-बूझ कर और एक निश्चित उद्देश्य के साथ आघात पहुंचाता है। अथवा जान से मारता है। यह व्यक्ति को बिना कुछ सोचे ही दूसरों को क्रूर बातें कहने के लिए वाध्य करता है। यह विरोध और घृणा से भरा होता है। वहीं दूसरी ओर अंतर्मन की हिंसा व्यक्ति को करत करने के लिए, निंदा और दूसरे को पसंद नहीं करने देता है। व्यक्ति स्वयं और दूसरों के साथ आंतरिक स्तर पर लड़ता और संघर्ष करता है। वे दूसरों की निंदा करते हैं और उसे अपने विचारधारा पर चलने के लिए मजबूर करता है।
In simple words: Physical violence causes direct harm to others. Inward violence is about internal dislike, hatred, and criticism towards others and oneself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the external, observable nature of physical violence and the internal, psychological nature of inward violence, focusing on intent and impact.

Question 2. Why are wars fought?
युद्ध क्यों लड़ा जाता है?
Answer: Wars are the most extreme form of violence, typically fought for religious beliefs or to show dominance of ideas. People fight fiercely to impose their beliefs on others. During wars, individuals are prepared to kill, destroy, and injure others, and sometimes even sacrifice themselves to protect their status and beliefs. These conflicts often arise from deep-seated disagreements and the refusal to accept opposing viewpoints.
युद्ध हिंसा का अंतिम रूप हैं। वे धार्मिक पहचान के लिए लड़े जाते हैं। लोग अपने प्रमुख विचारों को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए एक-दूसरे से लड़ते हैं। युद्धों के दौरान, लोग हमेशा दूसरों को मारने, नष्ट करने और घायल करने के लिए तैयार रहते हैं। वे अपनी स्थिति और विश्वासों की रक्षा के लिए खुद को मारने के लिए भी तैयार पाए जाते हैं।
In simple words: Wars are fought to show powerful ideas, for religious reasons, or to prove one group's beliefs are better. People are ready to kill or die for these reasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why wars are fought, highlight the deep-rooted motivations such as religious identity, dominance of ideas, and the extreme willingness to fight and die for those causes.

Question 4. Why is a new society necessary to be created?
Answer: The old society, which our ancestors built, is no longer useful. It cannot create kind and generous people because it is based on violence. People need love, kindness, and generosity to live a peaceful life. Without these good values, life becomes very difficult. A new culture can help build a society based on good qualities. It encourages people to grow personally and contribute positively to the world.
In simple words: We need a new society because the old one, built on violence, does not help people live peacefully or become kind. We need a society focused on love and good values.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing societal needs, mention both the flaws of the old system and the benefits of the proposed new one, focusing on core human values.

Question 5. How can you protect your children from becoming violent?
Answer: We should teach our children that the old culture promoted aggression. It has caused a lot of anger and confusion in the world. If children do not understand the problems of the old culture, they might adopt its violent ways. We must encourage them to learn about love, peace, and generosity. This helps them choose a non-violent path and become caring individuals.
In simple words: Teach children about the problems of old, violent ways and encourage them to learn love and peace to protect them from becoming violent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on education and awareness as key tools to guide children away from violent tendencies, highlighting the impact of cultural understanding.

Question 6. How is a person with Ph.D. unsuccessful in his life?
Answer: Education helps people overcome negative feelings like violence, hate, anger, and opposition. However, if a person, even with a Ph.D. degree, still has these weaknesses and lacks love, kindness, or generosity, their education does not truly help them. Such a person might still act violently like others in the world. Their degree will not make them a truly thoughtful person. They will fail to use their knowledge for positive change, leading to an unsuccessful life despite their qualifications.
In simple words: Even with a high degree like a Ph.D., a person is unsuccessful if they still show hate and violence, because true success comes from having good human values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that true success goes beyond academic qualifications and includes developing empathy, compassion, and the ability to control negative emotions.

Question 7. How does people generally treat life in the world?
Answer: Life is a huge and complex thing, but many people do not try to understand its true meaning. They often create a small, comfortable existence for themselves and stay stuck there. They tend to argue with others and live unhappy lives. These people often choose a violent way of life, just like many others in the world. They fail to understand that violence, hate, and anger only lead to confusion and sadness in life, not true joy. Real fulfillment comes from engaging with life's deeper purpose.
In simple words: Most people do not understand life's true meaning. They often live in small, selfish ways, fighting with others, and choose violence, which only brings sadness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast between a superficial existence and a meaningful life, stressing that violence and conflict often stem from a lack of deeper understanding.

Question 9. How can the world be a peaceful place to live in?
Answer: The world can become peaceful by adopting a new culture. The old culture, created by our ancestors, was based on violence and needs to be replaced. We must educate ourselves to build a new culture that promotes kindness and generosity. Young people should step forward to help establish this new way of life. This will stop hate, anger, cruelty, and opposition from spreading in society. A new culture will give life a different meaning, full of joy and clarity, making the world a peaceful place. Learning to live with nature's beauty can also bring inner calm.
In simple words: To make the world peaceful, we need a new culture focused on kindness, not violence. Educating young people to promote love and generosity will help achieve this.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing world peace, mention both changing societal structures (new culture) and personal responsibility (education, youth involvement) to show a comprehensive understanding.

Question 10. What does the author suggest to enjoy the bliss of nature?
Answer: The author suggests that to truly enjoy nature's beauty, we need an open mind and heart. In the early morning, when birds sing and there is deep silence, we can feel a wonderful sense of beauty and peacefulness. Unfortunately, many people do not realize this amazing joy. We need education to truly appreciate the natural world around us. Having an open heart and mind allows us to connect with nature deeply and find inner peace.
In simple words: To enjoy nature, we need an open mind and heart. The author says that understanding and appreciating nature's quiet beauty is an important part of education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on internal conditions (open mind, open heart) as crucial for experiencing the deeper joys of nature, rather than just external observation.

Question 11. How did the author thinks the world can to be changed?
Answer: The author believes the world is a place where we live with family, friends, and neighbors, and our interactions show our likes and dislikes. The external world, as it is, cannot be changed directly. However, if we change ourselves, our actions and attitudes can influence the world around us. Therefore, the author thinks that by focusing on personal change, we can indirectly change the world. This emphasizes that individual transformation is the first step towards wider social change.
In simple words: The author believes we cannot change the world directly, but if we change ourselves first, our new behavior can inspire change in the people and world around us.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing world change, highlight the importance of individual transformation as the starting point for larger societal shifts, linking personal actions to global impact.

C. Long Answer Type Questions (60 Words)

Question 1. How is violence interpreted by the author in this article?
Answer: According to the author, there is a lot of violence in the world, appearing in two main forms: physical and inward. Physical violence involves consciously hurting or killing others, driven by hatred and opposition. Inward violence, on the other hand, causes dislike, hatred, and criticism towards others internally. The most extreme form of violence is war, fought over religion and other ideas. People caught in this cycle of violence lose their ability to think logically and become worse than animals. Without love, kindness, and generosity, life turns into a terrible struggle, losing its true meaning. This means violence takes away our humanity.
In simple words: The author says violence comes in two types: physical, which is hurting others, and inward, which is internal hatred. Both make people lose their humanity and live a miserable life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish clearly between physical and inward violence, and explain how both lead to a loss of rationality and human values, making them a serious problem.

Question 2. Can a complete destruction of society bring about a new culture?
Answer: Revolutions can only bring basic changes to society, not a completely new culture; they mostly change the social rules. Love, care, kindness, and affection are different, unchanging human values. Trying to force these values will only make old problems repeat. People who seem educated and cultured on the outside can still be violent inside. If we want real societal change, we must change the violent instincts within people. Education is the only thing that can truly bring this internal change. Therefore, completely destroying society cannot create a new culture that is fundamentally different and peaceful; it would just be a repeat of old issues.
In simple words: No, destroying society completely will not create a new culture. True change comes from changing the bad instincts within people, which only education can do.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that true cultural change is internal and fundamental, focusing on values and education, rather than just external destruction or superficial reorganization of society.

Question 3. How can you change yourself?
Answer: We all are at the center of our own world, and changing ourselves, especially while living with family, is very hard. Many of us do not even want to change. When we are young, we have lots of energy and curiosity and a desire to change. But as we get older and go to college, we often become settled and forget about trying to change ourselves. However, some people truly want to change the world, and they see it as their duty. They stay aware of the need for change and work hard to make it happen. This shows that continuous effort and self-awareness are key to personal growth.
In simple words: Changing ourselves is hard, especially as we get older, but it is possible if we truly want to and keep working at it, just like some people who want to change the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that self-change requires continuous effort and a strong desire, highlighting that awareness and persistence are more important than age or initial enthusiasm.

Question 4. "Not to understand violence is to be really ignorant, is to be without intelligence and without culture?” Explain.
Answer: Yes, not understanding violence means being truly ignorant, without intelligence or culture. There is a lot of violence in the world, and people are rational beings who can feel others' pain. If we do not try to understand why violence happens, it means we have lost our ability to think logically. We are then not part of a culture based on love, kindness, and generosity. Instead, we belong to the old culture built on violence by our ancestors. If we are educated, we should use our reason to judge things fairly. We must not ignore violence, or our intelligence becomes useless. Ignorant people lack reason and culture, and they have no feelings of love, kindness, or generosity. Understanding violence is crucial for building a better society.
In simple words: The author means that if we do not understand why violence exists, we are truly ignorant. To be smart and cultured, we must understand violence and seek solutions, otherwise our education is useless.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the ethical and intellectual responsibility to understand the root causes of violence, linking it directly to true intelligence and a cultured mindset.

Question 5. Why is one seeking to have pleasure and discard pain?
Answer: People naturally want to feel pleasure and avoid pain because it seems easier and more desirable. We often ignore pain and chase after happiness. However, life is a mix of good and bad, where pain is as important as joy, hope, and disappointment. It is a natural human trait to dislike pain, whether in good or bad times. We tend to ignore difficult events and try to escape them. However, avoiding problems does not solve them. This is why people want to stay away from pain and grasp onto happiness, which makes them feel closer to joy. Understanding this balance is key to a fulfilled life.
In simple words: People want pleasure and avoid pain because it feels better. This is natural, but life has both good and bad parts, and ignoring pain does not make it go away, only understanding both brings balance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the natural human tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, but also add that acknowledging both is crucial for a balanced and realistic approach to life.

Questions for Practice

Question 1. How is violence enormous in the world?

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the scale of a problem, consider various forms and impacts to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding.

Question 2. When can education prove itself an effective tool?

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the conditions under which education truly makes a difference, focusing on practical application and critical thinking.

Question 3. Why is the change of old culture essential?

🎯 Exam Tip: Discuss the negative aspects or limitations of the "old culture" and contrast them with the benefits of a "new culture" to justify the need for change.

Question 4. What is the aim of the author as seen in the present article?

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify the author's aim, look for recurring themes, specific calls to action, or the overall message conveyed throughout the text.

Question 5. What requests does the author make to the young people?

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to any direct appeals or suggestions made to specific groups within the article, especially for calls to action or future roles.

Question 6. How is violence a matter of great concern for the present world?

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the widespread impacts of violence on individuals, communities, and global stability to explain why it is a significant concern today.