NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs Set 18

Answer: (b) Wild relative

Explanation:
1. Germplasm can be collected from many sources, where the preferred source to develop disease resistance is wild relative as they have more adaptations w.r.t. environment.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Wild relative

Teacher's Note:
1. Wild relatives are the best source of disease resistance genes because they evolved with the pathogens.
2. Local varieties are a source of adaptation.

Answer: (b) Sharbati Sonora

Explanation:
1. Since Sonora-64 was Mexican variety of wheat that was modified as Sharbati Sonora by -rays mutation.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Sharbati Sonora

Teacher's Note:
1. Sharbati Sonora was made from Sonora 64 by gamma ray mutation.
2. It was India's first amber grained semi-dwarf wheat.

Answer: (c) Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64

Explanation:
1. Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo-64

Teacher's Note:
1. Sonora 64 and Lerma Rojo 64 were the semi-dwarf wheats brought from Mexico.
2. They were developed by Norman Borlaug.

Answer: (c) Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide

Explanation:
1. Chemical mutagens are Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium azide.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide

Teacher's Note:
1. Ethyl methane sulphonate and sodium azide are chemical mutagens.
2. X-rays, gamma rays and UV rays are physical mutagens.

Answer: (b) Phytophthora infestans

Explanation:
1. Phytophthora infestans fungus – Late blight of potato Fusarium udum – Wilt of arhar Plasmopara viticola – Downy mildew of grapes Alternaria solani – Early blight of potato
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Phytophthora infestans

Teacher's Note:
1. Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato.
2. Alternaria solani causes early blight.

Answer: (c) Polyploids

Explanation:
1. The use of colchicine is involved to increase ploidy level and produce polyploids. (It causes of doubling of chromosome).
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Polyploids

Teacher's Note:
1. Colchicine inhibits spindle formation and doubles chromosome number, giving polyploids.
2. It is widely used in plant breeding.

Answer: (c) Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot and Fruit borer

Explanation:
1. Okra (bhindi) – Pusa Sawani improved variety against shoot and fruit borer.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Okra Pusa Sawani Shoot and Fruit borer

Teacher's Note:
1. Pusa Sawani of okra is resistant to shoot and fruit borer.
2. Remember crop, variety and resistance together.

Answer: (c) Seeds of khesari

Explanation:
1. Anti-nutritional neurotoxic factor called cyanoalanine is found in seeds of khesari i.e., Lathyrus sativus.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Seeds of khesari

Teacher's Note:
1. Khesari (Lathyrus sativus) seeds contain a neurotoxin and cause lathyrism if eaten in excess.
2. Low-toxin varieties are being bred.

Answer: (b) Nucleic acids

Explanation:
1. SCP has to be processed to remove excess of nucleic acids, toxic substances, heavy metals etc.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Nucleic acids

Teacher's Note:
1. Single cell protein must be processed to remove excess nucleic acids.
2. High nucleic acid content can be harmful to humans.

Answer: (a) Production of virus free plants

Explanation:
1. Axillary buds and meristematic tissues are virus free plant parts.
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Production of virus free plants

Teacher's Note:
1. Meristems and axillary buds are free of virus and give virus free plants in culture.
2. Virus free tissue is obtained from meristem culture.

Answer: (b) 5.7

Explanation:
1. The optimum pH of a typical nutrient medium for plant tissue culture is 5.7
2. Hence option (b) is correct: 5.7

Teacher's Note:
1. A plant tissue culture medium has an optimum pH of about 5.7.
2. The medium has salts, sugar, vitamins and growth regulators.

Answer: (b) Recovery of interspecific hybrids

Explanation:
1. Embryo (2n) culture is used for recovery of interspecific hybrids.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Recovery of interspecific hybrids

Teacher's Note:
1. Embryo culture helps recover hybrids from distant crosses where the embryo aborts.
2. It is called embryo rescue.

Answer: (a) Polyethylene glycol

Explanation:
1. The two different cells can be made to fuse by using polyethylene glycol (PEG).
2. Hence option (a) is correct: Polyethylene glycol

Teacher's Note:
1. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) promotes fusion of protoplasts.
2. Electrofusion is another method.

Answer: (b) Guha and Maheshwari

Explanation:
1. A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by Guha & Maheshwari.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Guha and Maheshwari

Teacher's Note:
1. Guha and Maheshwari developed anther culture for haploid plants from pollen.
2. Skoog and Miller worked on cytokinins.

Answer: (d) Produced during tissue culture

Explanation:
1. Somaclonal variations are produced during tissue culture.
2. Hence option (d) is correct: Produced during tissue culture

Teacher's Note:
1. Somaclonal variations are genetic variations seen in plants regenerated from culture.
2. They can be used to select useful traits.

Answer: (b) Ley farming

Explanation:
1. The growing of granes or legumes in rotation with grain or tilled crops as a soil conservation measure.
2. Hence option (b) is correct: Ley farming

Teacher's Note:
1. Ley farming rotates crops with legume or grass pasture to restore soil fertility.
2. Contour and strip farming control erosion.

Answer: (c) Both apical and axillary meristems

Explanation:
1. Apical and axillary meristems are free of virus.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Both apical and axillary meristems

Teacher's Note:
1. Apical and axillary meristems are free of virus even in an infected plant.
2. They are used in meristem culture.

Answer: (c) Rice

Explanation:
1. Jaya and Ratna are rice varieties.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Rice

Teacher's Note:
1. Jaya and Ratna are semi-dwarf rice varieties of the green revolution.
2. Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are wheat.

Answer: (c) Biofortification

Explanation:
1. Crops with high concentration of minerals, vitamins and proteins called Biofortification.
2. Hence option (c) is correct: Biofortification

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification means breeding crops with higher vitamins, minerals and protein.
2. Example: Atlas 66 wheat with high protein.

Answer: (a) Rye

Explanation:
1. Hence option (a) is correct: Rye

Teacher's Note:
1. Triticale is the first man-made cereal, from wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale).
2. It is an intergeneric hybrid.