NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance MCQs Set 02

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Principles of Inheritance

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Phenotype of an organism is the result of
(a) mutations and linkages
(b) cytoplasmic effects and nutrition
(c) environmental changes and sexual dimorphism
(d) genotype and environment interactions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) genotype and environment interactions

Explanation:
1. Phenotype = genotype acting under the influence of the environment.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. P = G + E.
2. Same genotype can give different phenotypes.

Question 2: How many different kinds of gametes are produced by a plant of genotype AABbCC?
(a) three
(b) four
(c) nine
(d) two
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) two

Explanation:
1. Only Bb is heterozygous, so there are 2 kinds of gametes: ABC and AbC.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Count heterozygous genes.
2. 2^1 = 2.

Question 3: A test cross involves
(a) crossing two genotypes with recessive trait
(b) crossing two F1 hybrids
(c) crossing the F1 hybrid with a double recessive genotype
(d) crossing two genotypes with dominant trait
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) crossing the F1 hybrid with a double recessive genotype

Explanation:
1. A test cross is of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive.
2. So the correct choice is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Used by Mendel.
2. Gives the gamete ratio.

Question 4: The most suitable medium for culture of Drosophila melanogaster is
(a) moist bread
(b) agar-agar
(c) ripe banana
(d) cow dung
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ripe banana

Explanation:
1. Drosophila is the fruit fly and feeds on yeast growing on ripe, fermenting banana.
2. So the correct choice is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Morgan's experimental animal.
2. Short life cycle.

Question 5: If a colour-blind woman marries a normal-visioned man, their sons will be
(a) all normal
(b) half colour-blind and half normal
(c) three-fourths colour-blind
(d) all colour-blind
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all colour-blind

Explanation:
1. The woman is XcXc and passes Xc to every son, and the father gives Y, so all sons are XcY and colour-blind.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sons get X from mother.
2. X-linked recessive.

Question 6: In which mode of inheritance do you expect more maternal influence among the offspring?
(a) autosomal
(b) cytoplasmic
(c) Y-linked
(d) X-linked
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) cytoplasmic

Explanation:
1. Cytoplasm (mitochondria, plastids) comes almost entirely from the egg, so cytoplasmic inheritance is maternal.
2. So the correct choice is option (b).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sperm contributes little cytoplasm.
2. Mitochondrial DNA follows mother.

Question 7: A human male produces sperms of genotypes AB, Ab, aB and ab in equal proportions. His genotype is
(a) AaBb
(b) AaBB
(c) AABb
(d) AABB
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) AaBb

Explanation:
1. Four gamete types in equal numbers arise only from a double heterozygote.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Four types: two heterozygous genes.
2. Independent assortment.

Question 8: In pea, yellow seed is dominant over green. A heterozygous yellow plant is crossed with a green-seeded plant. The ratio of yellow to green in F1 is
(a) 50:50
(b) 9:1
(c) 1:3
(d) 3:1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 50:50

Explanation:
1. Yy x yy gives 1 Yy : 1 yy, i.e. 1:1.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Test cross.
2. 50 percent each.

Question 9: Inheritance of skin colour in humans is an example of
(a) chromosomal aberration
(b) point mutation
(c) polygenic inheritance
(d) codominance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) polygenic inheritance

Explanation:
1. Several genes add their effects to give a continuous range of skin colour.
2. So the correct choice is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Polygenic: many genes, one trait.
2. Also height and intelligence.

Question 10: Two genes R and Y are very close on a linkage map of maize. When RRYY and rryy are hybridised, F2 will show
(a) a higher number of recombinant types
(b) segregation in the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio
(c) segregation in 3:1 ratio
(d) a higher number of parental types
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a higher number of parental types

Explanation:
1. Closely linked genes are inherited together, so parental combinations are more frequent than recombinants.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Tight linkage: few recombinants.
2. Independent assortment gives 9:3:3:1.

Question 11: Sickle cell anaemia is
(a) characterised by elongated sickle-like RBCs with a nucleus
(b) an autosome-linked dominant trait
(c) caused by substitution of valine by glutamic acid in the beta globin chain
(d) caused by a change in a single base pair of DNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) caused by a change in a single base pair of DNA

Explanation:
1. A single base change (GAG to GUG in mRNA) replaces glutamic acid by valine. Statement 3 has the amino acids reversed, and sickle cell is autosomal recessive.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Point mutation.
2. Glutamic acid (6th position) to valine.

Question 12: The 'O' in the ABO blood group refers to having
(a) no antigens A and B on RBCs
(b) other antigens besides A and B
(c) overdominance of this type
(d) one antibody only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) no antigens A and B on RBCs

Explanation:
1. Group O persons lack both A and B antigens on the RBC surface.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. O = zero antigens.
2. They have both anti-A and anti-B.

Question 13: The genotype of a plant showing the dominant phenotype can be determined by
(a) pedigree analysis
(b) back cross
(c) test cross
(d) dihybrid cross
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) test cross

Explanation:
1. Crossing it with a homozygous recessive reveals whether it is homozygous or heterozygous.
2. So the correct choice is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Test cross.
2. Recessive parent needed.

Question 14: Which of these cannot be explained on the basis of Mendel's law of dominance?
(a) alleles do not blend and both characters recover as such in F2
(b) factors occur in pairs
(c) the discrete unit controlling a character is called a factor
(d) out of one pair of factors one is dominant and the other recessive
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) alleles do not blend and both characters recover as such in F2

Explanation:
1. Non-blending and reappearance of the recessive trait in F2 is explained by the law of segregation (purity of gametes), not dominance.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Dominance explains F1.
2. Segregation explains F2.

Question 15: ABO blood groups are controlled by the gene I with three alleles IA, IB and i. How many phenotypes are possible?
(a) four
(b) two
(c) three
(d) one
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) four

Explanation:
1. Six genotypes give four phenotypes: A, B, AB and O.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Genotypes: 6.
2. Phenotypes: 4.

Question 16: Which statement is correct about a dihybrid cross?
(a) Loosely linked genes show the same recombination as tightly linked ones
(b) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations
(c) Tightly linked genes show higher recombination
(d) Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

Explanation:
1. The closer two genes are, the lower the chance of a crossover between them.
2. So the correct choice is option (b).

Teacher's Note:
1. Recombination frequency rises with distance.
2. Close genes stay together.

Question 17: When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the F1 is often superior to both parents. This phenomenon is called
(a) heterosis
(b) transformation
(c) splicing
(d) metamorphosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) heterosis

Explanation:
1. Hybrid vigour (heterosis) is the superior performance of a hybrid.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Used in maize breeding.
2. Opposite of inbreeding depression.

Question 18: Which condition describes the manner of sex determination correctly?
(a) Homozygous ZZ determines the female sex in birds
(b) XO sex chromosomes determine the male sex in grasshopper
(c) XO in humans (Turner syndrome) determines male sex
(d) Homozygous XX produces male in Drosophila
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) XO sex chromosomes determine the male sex in grasshopper

Explanation:
1. Grasshopper males are XO and females XX. In birds ZZ is male and ZW female; XX is female in Drosophila; Turner (XO) humans are female.
2. So the correct choice is option (b).

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn XX-XO, XX-XY and ZW-ZZ types.
2. Check each option.

Question 19: Which condition of the zygote leads to the birth of a normal human female child?
(a) one X and one Y
(b) two X chromosomes
(c) only one Y
(d) only one X
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) two X chromosomes

Explanation:
1. A normal female is 44 + XX.
2. So the correct choice is option (b).

Teacher's Note:
1. XY: male.
2. XO: Turner, a sterile female.

Question 20: F2 in a Mendelian cross showed both genotypic and phenotypic ratios as 1:2:1. This represents
(a) monohybrid cross with complete dominance
(b) monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
(c) co-dominance only
(d) dihybrid cross
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance

Explanation:
1. With incomplete dominance the three genotypes give three different phenotypes. (Co-dominance also gives 1:2:1, but the standard answer here is incomplete dominance.)
2. So the correct choice is option (b).

Teacher's Note:
1. Complete dominance: 3:1 phenotypes.
2. Incomplete: 1:2:1.

Question 21: A road accident victim with unknown blood group needs an immediate transfusion. His doctor friend offers blood. Which donor group would be safest in an emergency?
(a) Blood group O
(b) Blood group A
(c) Blood group B
(d) Blood group AB
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Blood group O

Explanation:
1. Group O red cells have no A or B antigens, so they are accepted by almost every recipient in an emergency (universal donor).
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. O: universal donor.
2. AB: universal recipient.

Question 22: A normal-visioned man whose father was colour-blind marries a woman whose father was also colour-blind. What is the chance that their first child, a daughter, is colour-blind?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 100%
(d) zero percent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) zero percent

Explanation:
1. The man is XY (normal X) so every daughter gets his normal X, and the woman is a carrier. Daughters cannot be affected.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Father's X goes to daughters.
2. Daughter would be a carrier at most.

Question 23: A test cross is carried out to
(a) assess the number of alleles of a gene
(b) determine whether two species will breed successfully
(c) determine the genotype of a plant at F2
(d) predict whether two traits are linked
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) determine the genotype of a plant at F2

Explanation:
1. A test cross reveals the genotype of an individual showing a dominant trait.
2. So the correct choice is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Cross with homozygous recessive.
2. Also gives linkage information in dihybrids.

Question 24: Which Mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the F1 resembles both parents?
(a) co-dominance
(b) incomplete dominance
(c) law of dominance
(d) inheritance of one gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) co-dominance

Explanation:
1. When both parental traits appear fully in the F1 (like AB blood group), it is co-dominance.
2. So the correct choice is option (a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Incomplete dominance gives a blend.
2. Co-dominance shows both.

Question 25: The incorrect statement about haemophilia is
(a) a single protein involved in blood clotting is affected
(b) it is a sex-linked disease
(c) it is a recessive disease
(d) it is a dominant disease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) it is a dominant disease

Explanation:
1. Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
2. So the correct choice is option (d).

Teacher's Note:
1. Mostly in males.
2. Females are carriers.

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