Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) monosomy
(b) deletion
(c) inversion
(d) reciprocal translocation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) reciprocal translocation
Explanation:
1. Multivalents form at meiosis when parts of non-homologous chromosomes are exchanged, as in reciprocal translocation, because the translocated chromosomes pair with more than one partner.
2. Monosomy and deletion do not give multivalents.
Teacher's Note:
1. Inversion gives loops.
(a) all tall plants
(b) all dwarf plants
(c) halftall plants
(d) half dwarf plants
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) all tall plants
Explanation:
1. A cross between homozygous tall (TT) and homozygous dwarf (tt) gives all Tt offspring, which are tall because tall is dominant.
2. This is Mendel's monohybrid cross.
Teacher's Note:
1. The dwarf trait reappears in F2.
(a) Turner’s syndrome
(b) Down’s syndrome
(c) Patau’s syndrome
(d) Klinefelter’s syndrome
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Turner’s syndrome
Explanation:
1. XO (45 chromosomes) is monosomy of the sex chromosome, which causes Turner's syndrome in females.
2. Down's syndrome is trisomy 21, Patau's is trisomy 13 and Klinefelter's is XXY.
Teacher's Note:
1. Turner females are sterile.
(a) Down’s syndrome
(b) Turner’s syndrome
(c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
(d) Okazaki syndrome
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
Explanation:
1. Klinefelter's syndrome has the XXY chromosome constitution (47 chromosomes).
2. Turner's is XO and Down's is trisomy 21.
Teacher's Note:
1. Okazaki fragments belong to DNA replication.
(a) One of the two X chromosomes in somatic cells of females.
(b) All heterochromatin ofmale& femalecells.
(c) Y chromosomes ofmale.
(d) All heterochromatin of female cells
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) One of the two X chromosomes in somatic cells of females.
Explanation:
1. A Barr body is the inactive X chromosome seen in somatic cells of females.
2. The number of Barr bodies is one less than the number of X chromosomes.
Teacher's Note:
1. It is a way of dosage compensation.
(a) essential features
(b) acquired characters
(c) non-essential changes
(d) mutations
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) mutations
Explanation:
1. Discontinuous variations are sudden, heritable changes, which arise as mutations.
2. They lead to new traits and are the raw material of evolution according to de Vries.
Teacher's Note:
1. Continuous variations are small differences.
(a) codominance
(b) incomplete dominance
(c) dominance
(d) complementarygenes
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) incomplete dominance
Explanation:
1. Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock plant) shows incomplete dominance.
2. The F1 hybrids of red and white flowered parents are pink and the F2 ratio is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white.
Teacher's Note:
1. Neither allele is fully dominant.
(a) base is added
(b) base is deleted
(c) base is added or deleted
(d) none of the above
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) base is added or deleted
Explanation:
1. A frame shift mutation arises when one or a few bases are added or deleted, which shifts the reading frame of the codons.
2. So both addition and deletion cause it.
Teacher's Note:
1. Substitution gives a point mutation.
(a) homozygosity
(b) heterozygosity
(c) linkage
(d) both b & c
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) homozygosity
Explanation:
1. A pure line is a homozygous population obtained by self pollination for many generations, so it breeds true.
2. Heterozygosity and linkage do not define it.
Teacher's Note:
1. Mendel used pure lines of pea.
(a) all red flowered
(b) halfred flowered
(c) halfwhite flowered
(d) all white flowered
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) all red flowered
Explanation:
1. A cross between a homozygous red and a homozygous white plant gives all red heterozygous offspring if red is dominant.
2. Mendel's law of dominance applies.
Teacher's Note:
1. White reappears in F2.
(a) Baldness
(b) Red-green colour blindness
(c) Facial hair/moustaches in males
(d) Night blindness
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Red-green colour blindness
Explanation:
1. Red-green colour blindness is an X-linked recessive trait with genes on the X chromosome.
2. Baldness and facial hair are sex-influenced traits, and night blindness is due to vitamin A deficiency.
Teacher's Note:
1. So only colour blindness is exclusively X-linked.
(a) Half
(b) Lessthan5percent
(c) One third
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Lessthan5percent
Explanation:
1. With three pairs of polygenes in a cross AABBCC x aabbcc, the F2 individuals resembling either parent are only 1/64 + 1/64 = 2/64, which is about 3 per cent.
2. So it is less than 5 per cent.
Teacher's Note:
1. Polygenic traits show a bell-shaped distribution.
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NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Objective Test Questions
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FAQs
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