NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQs Set 22

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is suitable for experiment on linkage?
(a) aaBB × aaBB
(b) AABB × aabb
(c) AaBb × AaBb
(d) AAbb × AaBB
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) AABB × aabb

Explanation:
1. A linkage experiment needs a dihybrid, so the F1 of AABB × aabb is crossed with a double recessive. The parents must be homozygous for the different alleles.

Teacher's Note:
1. The cross shows the parental and recombinant types.
2. Start with pure parents.

Question 2: Haploid plants are preferred over diploids for mutation study because in haploids
(a) recessive mutation express immediately
(b) induction of mutations is easier
(c) culturing is easier
(d) dominant mutation express immediately
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) recessive mutation express immediately

Explanation:
1. In haploids there is only one allele of each gene, so a recessive mutation expresses immediately.

Teacher's Note:
1. In diploids a recessive mutation is masked by the dominant allele.
2. Haploids have no masking.

Question 3: The process of mating between closely related individuals is
(a) self breeding
(b) inbreeding
(c) hybridization
(d) heterosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) inbreeding

Explanation:
1. Mating between closely related individuals is inbreeding.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hybridisation is between different varieties.
2. Inbreeding means related parents.

Question 4: A fruit fly exhibiting both male and female traits is
(a) heterozygous
(b) gynandromorph
(c) hemizygous
(d) gynander
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) gynandromorph

Explanation:
1. A fruit fly with both male and female parts is a gynandromorph.

Teacher's Note:
1. It arises by loss of an X chromosome in some cells.
2. Gynandromorph shows both sexes.

Question 5: A woman with albinic father marries an albinic man. The proportion of her progeny is
(a) 2 normal : 1 albinic
(b) all normal
(c) all albinic
(d) 1 normal : 1 albinic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1 normal : 1 albinic

Explanation:
1. The albino father means the woman is heterozygous (Aa). Marrying an albino (aa) gives 1 normal : 1 albino.

Teacher's Note:
1. Albinism is autosomal recessive.
2. Test cross ratio is 1:1.

Question 6: In a dihybrid cross AABB x aabb, F2 progeny of AABB, AABb, AaBB and AaBb occurs in the ratio of
(a) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
(b) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 : 2 : 1
(d) 1 : 2 : 2 : 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1 : 2 : 2 : 4

Explanation:
1. AABB × aabb gives AaBb in F1. In F2, AABB is 1, AABb is 2, AaBB is 2 and AaBb is 4 out of 16, so the ratio is 1 : 2 : 2 : 4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Use the 16 boxes of the Punnett square.
2. Count the boxes of each genotype.

Question 7: When two genetic loci produce identical phenotypes in cis and trans position, they are considered to be
(a) pseudoalleles
(b) different genes
(c) multiple alleles
(d) parts of same gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) pseudoalleles

Explanation:
1. Two loci that give identical phenotypes in cis and trans positions are pseudoalleles, and they behave like alleles but are closely linked loci.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are located very close together.
2. The cis-trans test is used to find them.

Question 8: Alleles that produce independent effects in their heterozygous condition are called
(a) codominant alleles
(b) epistatic alleles
(c) complementary alleles
(d) supplementary alleles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) codominant alleles

Explanation:
1. Alleles that both express independently in the heterozygote are codominant alleles, as for the A and B blood groups.

Teacher's Note:
1. Epistatic and complementary are gene interactions.
2. Codominance shows both traits.

Question 9: When a single gene influences more than one traits it is called
(a) pleiotropy
(b) epistasis
(c) pseudodominance
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) pleiotropy

Explanation:
1. When a single gene influences more than one trait, it is called pleiotropy.

Teacher's Note:
1. An example is sickle-cell anaemia.
2. Pleio means many.

Question 10: Crossing over in diploid organism is responsible for
(a) dominance of genes
(b) linkage between genes
(c) segregation of alleles
(d) recombination of linked alleles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) recombination of linked alleles

Explanation:
1. Crossing over exchanges segments between homologous chromosomes, which causes recombination of linked alleles.

Teacher's Note:
1. It happens in prophase I.
2. Crossing over breaks linkage.

Question 11: Hybridization between Tt × tt gives rise to the progeny of ratio
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 4 : 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1 : 1

Explanation:
1. Tt × tt gives 1/2 Tt and 1/2 tt, so the ratio is 1 : 1.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is a test cross.
2. The test cross gives 1:1.

Question 12: Which one of the following characters studied by Mendel in garden pea was found to be dominant ?
(a) Green seed colour
(b) Terminal flower position
(c) Green pod colour
(d) Wrinkled seed
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Green pod colour

Explanation:
1. Of the traits studied, green pod colour is dominant (yellow pod is recessive). Green seed colour, terminal flower and wrinkled seed are recessive.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember each trait pair with its dominant form.
2. Learn the seven pairs.

Question 13: In a given plant, red colour (R) of fruit is dominant over white fruit (r); and tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfness (t). If a plant with genotype RRTt is crossed with a plant of genotype rrtt, what will be the percentage of tall plants with red fruits in the next generation?
(a) 100%
(b) 25%
(c) 50%
(d) 75%
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 50%

Explanation:
1. RRTt × rrtt gives all red fruits, and Tt × tt gives 1/2 tall. So 50% are tall and red.

Teacher's Note:
1. The R gene gives no variation.
2. Multiply for each gene.

Question 14: During organ differentiation in Drosophila, an organ is modified to another organ (such as wings may be replaced by legs) Genesresponsible for such metamorphosis are called
(a) double dominant genes
(b) plastid genes
(c) complementary genes
(d) homeotic genes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) homeotic genes

Explanation:
1. Homeotic genes change the identity of an organ, as when wings become legs in Drosophila.

Teacher's Note:
1. They control body pattern.
2. Homeotic means same-like parts.

Question 15: Ratio of complementary genes is
(a) 9 : 3 : 4
(b) 12 : 3 : 1
(c) 9 : 3 : 3 : 4
(d) 9 : 7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 9 : 7

Explanation:
1. Complementary genes give a 9 : 7 ratio in F2, where both dominant genes are needed for the trait.

Teacher's Note:
1. Epistasis gives other ratios such as 9:3:4.
2. Complementary is 9:7.

Question 16: Extra nuclear chromosomes occur in
(a) peroxisome, ribosome
(b) chloroplast and mitochondria
(c) mitochondria and ribosome
(d) chloroplast and lysosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) chloroplast and mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Extra-nuclear DNA is found in the chloroplasts and the mitochondria.

Teacher's Note:
1. They show cytoplasmic inheritance.
2. Organelles carry their own DNA.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation

NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Objective Test Questions

Review structured objective questions for NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these MCQ sets support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

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