NEET Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQs Set 15

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Mark the odd one (w.r.t. true breeding line)
(a) Shows the stable trait inheritance
(b) Shows expression for few generations only
(c) Undergone continuous self-pollination
(d) Both 1 & 3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Shows expression for few generations only

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Shows expression for few generations only.
2. True breeding means Pure lines.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Shows expression for few generations only.

Question 2: Which of the following is not a dominant trait in edible pea?
(a) Axial flower
(b) Inflated pod
(c) Green seed colour
(d) Green pod
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Green seed colour

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) Green seed colour.
2. Green seed → Recessive Yellow seed → Dominant.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Green seed colour.

Question 3: What will be possible blood group in children from the parents with B and AB blood groups?
(a) A, O
(b) A, B, AB & O
(c) A, B, AB
(d) B, O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A, B, AB

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) A, B, AB.
2. Phenotype→ B AB Genotype → IBi × IAIB IAi, IBi IAIB . IBIB So A, AB B are possible.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: A, B, AB.

Question 4: In garden pea, starch is synthesised effectively in
(a) Heterozygous round seeded plants
(b) Homozygous round seeded plants
(c) Wrinkled seeded plants
(d) Pure and hybrid round seeded plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Homozygous round seeded plants

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Homozygous round seeded plants.
2. Bb → Intermediate starch grain BB → Large starch grain bb → Small starch grain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Homozygous round seeded plants.

Question 5: F1 progeny of Mendelian dihybrid cross produces
(a) Two types of pollen grains
(b) Four genotypes of gametes
(c) Two types of eggs
(d) Four types of pollens only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Four genotypes of gametes

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Four genotypes of gametes.
2. F1 AaBb B → AB A b → Ab B → aB a b → ab So four gametes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Four genotypes of gametes.

Question 6: When Mendel self hybridised the F1 plants (RrYy), he found that dominant and recessive traits of one character are segregated in a
(a) 9 : 1 ratio
(b) 3 : 3 ratio
(c) 10 : 6 ratio
(d) 3 : 1 ratio
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 3 : 1 ratio

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) 3 : 1 ratio.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 3 : 1 ratio.

Question 7: Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865 but it remained unrecognised till 1900 because (a) He could not provide any physical proof for the existence of factors (b) His concept of factors as stable, discrete units that controlled the expression of traits did not find acceptance from the contemporaries (c) Mendel's approach of using mathematics to explain biological phenomena was totally old (d) Communication was not easy (as it is now)
(a) (a), (b) & (c) are correct
(b) (c) & (d) are correct
(c) (a), (b) & (d) are correct
(d) Only (a) is correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (a), (b) & (d) are correct

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) (a), (b) & (d) are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. Check every option separately before choosing a combined answer.

Question 8: Heterozygous round and yellow seeded pea plants were selfed and total 800 seeds are collected. What is the total number of seeds with first dominant and second recessive traits?
(a) 950
(b) 300
(c) 200
(d) 150
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 150

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) 150.
2. 3 800 × = 150 16 (Two Genes Interaction w.r.t. Post-Mendelism, Sex Determination, Mutation).

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 150.

Question 9: Which of the following statement for chromosomal theory of inheritance is incorrect?
(a) Pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a factor they carried
(b) Behaviour of chromosomes is parallel to the behaviour of genes
(c) The two alleles of a gene pair are located on homologous sites on homologous chromosomes
(d) Chromosomes as well as genes occur in pairs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a factor they carried

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a factor they carried.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a factor they carried.

Question 10: Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by
(a) Sutton and Boveri
(b) Correns
(c) T.H. Morgan
(d) Tschermak
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) T.H. Morgan

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) T.H. Morgan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: T.H. Morgan.

Question 11: Fruit flies are one of the best materials for genetic studies because of all, except
(a) Ability to grow on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory
(b) Short life span
(c) Production of a large number of progeny in each mating
(d) Presence of few externally visible and identifiable contrasting traits
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Presence of few externally visible and identifiable contrasting traits

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) Presence of few externally visible and identifiable contrasting traits.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Presence of few externally visible and identifiable contrasting traits.

Question 12: Generation of non-parental gene combinations is termed as
(a) Linkage
(b) Polyploidy
(c) Recombination
(d) Aneuploidy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Recombination

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) Recombination.
2. Non-parental gene combination - Recombination Produce by crossing over.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Recombination.

Question 13: Initial clue about the genetic/chromosomal mechanism of sex-determination can be traced back to some of the experiments carried out in
(a) Human beings
(b) Birds
(c) Insects
(d) Plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Insects

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) Insects.
2. Henking discovered X-body.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Insects.

Question 14: In which of the sex determination both male and female have same number of chromosomes?
(a) XY type
(b) ZO type
(c) XO type
(d) Both 1 & 3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) XY type

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) XY type.
2. AA + X X Same number of chromosome in and + AA + X Y.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: XY type.

Question 15: Two different types of gametes in terms of the sex chromosomes, are produced by
(a) Female fruit fly
(b) Male butterfly
(c) Male human and female Drosophila
(d) Female birds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Female birds

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) Female birds.
2. A+ X AA + XW → A+ W Two type of eggs are produced by + bird because it is heterogametic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Female birds.

Question 16: Individuals having homomorphic sex chromosomes produce
(a) Only one gamete in complete life span
(b) One type of gametes
(c) No gametes
(d) Two type of gametes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) One type of gametes

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) One type of gametes.
2. AA + XX → A + X Produce only one type of gamete.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: One type of gametes.

Question 17: Which of the following phenomena leads to variation in DNA?
(a) Linkage, mutation
(b) Recombination, linkage
(c) Mutation, recombination
(d) Aneuploidy, linkage
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mutation, recombination

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) Mutation, recombination.
2. Mutation → Sudden change in genetic Material Recombination → Non-parental combination.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Mutation, recombination.

Question 18: Absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes results in
(a) Point mutation
(b) Chromosomal disorders
(c) Mendelian disorders
(d) Gene mutation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Chromosomal disorders

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Chromosomal disorders.
2. Trisomy or Monosomic condition. (Genetic Disorders).

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Chromosomal disorders.

Question 19: Sickle cell-anaemia disorder arises due to
(a) Duplication of a segment of DNA
(b) Substitution in a single base of DNA
(c) Deletion of a segment of DNA
(d) Duplication in a base pair of RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Substitution in a single base of DNA

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Substitution in a single base of DNA.
2. 3′ 5′ T → A Substitution of Glutamine CTC CAC 5′ GAG 3′ GUG → Valine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Substitution in a single base of DNA.

Question 20: Cystic fibrosis, Myotonic dystrophy and Thalassemia are
(a) Chromosomal disorders
(b) Autosomal recessive disorders
(c) Mendelian disorders
(d) Autosomal dominant disorders
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mendelian disorders

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) Mendelian disorders.
2. Mendelian disorder because their inheritance follow Mendelion Inheritance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Mendelian disorders.

Question 21: Which of the following trait shows transmission from carrier female to male progeny?
(a) Autosomal dominant
(b) X-linked recessive
(c) Y-linked recessive
(d) X-linked dominant
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) X-linked recessive

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) X-linked recessive.
2. 1 X linked Recessive gene XC X × X Y XC Y XY.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. Check every option separately before choosing a combined answer.

Question 22: Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism that is inherited as
(a) Autosomal recessive trait
(b) Sex-linked dominant trait
(c) X-linked recessive trait
(d) Autosomal dominant trait
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Autosomal recessive trait

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Autosomal recessive trait.
2. Genes located on chromosome → 12.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Autosomal recessive trait.

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