NEET Biology Organisms and Populations MCQs Set 08

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Organisms and Populations

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Match the interaction with its effect on the two species: 1 Commensalism, 2 Amensalism, 3 Competition, 4 Predation, 5 Mutualism with a (+,-), b (0,-), c (0,+), d (-,-), e (+,+). The correct pairing is
(a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a, 5-e
(b) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a, 5-e
(c) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d, 5-e
(d) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a, 5-e
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a, 5-e

Explanation:
1. Commensalism helps one without affecting the other (0,+); amensalism harms one (0,-); competition harms both (-,-); predation helps predator and harms prey (+,-); mutualism helps both (+,+).

Teacher's Note:
1. Predation and parasitism are both (+,-).

Question 2: Mutualism is an ______ relationship, whereas proto-cooperation is a ______ relationship in which both species benefit.
(a) obligatory; non-obligatory
(b) non-obligatory; obligatory
(c) obligatory; obligatory
(d) harmful; harmless
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) obligatory; non-obligatory

Explanation:
1. In mutualism the partners cannot live separately; in proto-cooperation both benefit but can live apart.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lichen is an obligatory mutualism.

Question 3: Interactions in which one or both participating species are harmed are called
(a) positive interactions
(b) neutral interactions
(c) obligatory interactions
(d) negative (detrimental) interactions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) negative (detrimental) interactions

Explanation:
1. Competition, predation, parasitism and amensalism are negative interactions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mutualism is positive.

Question 4: Which organisms act as conduits of energy transfer, maintain species diversity, regulate prey populations and are prudent in nature?
(a) Parasites
(b) Producers
(c) Predators
(d) Decomposers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Predators

Explanation:
1. Predators keep prey populations under control and reduce competition among prey species.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are prudent: they do not overexploit prey.

Question 5: More than 10 species of invertebrates became extinct within a year when the starfish Pisaster was removed from an American Pacific coast. This extinction was due to
(a) mutualism
(b) interspecific competition
(c) parasitism
(d) commensalism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) interspecific competition

Explanation:
1. Pisaster is a keystone predator; its removal let the competitively superior species eliminate the others.

Teacher's Note:
1. Predators can maintain species diversity.

Question 6: Some insects and frogs are cryptically coloured to avoid detection by predators. This is
(a) camouflage
(b) mimicry of toxins only
(c) commensalism
(d) symbiosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) camouflage

Explanation:
1. Cryptic colouration helps the prey blend with the background.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a prey defence.

Question 7: About what percentage of all insects are phytophagous (feeding on plant sap and other plant parts)?
(a) 5 per cent
(b) 50 per cent
(c) 90 per cent
(d) 25 per cent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 25 per cent

Explanation:
1. Plants face heavy grazing pressure from phytophagous insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plants defend with toxins and thorns.

Question 8: Match the prey defence: A Cardiac glycosides, B Distasteful special chemical, C Thorns, D Camouflage with i Acacia and cactus, ii Insects, iii Calotropis, iv Monarch butterfly. The correct pairing is
(a) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
(b) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(c) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(d) A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii

Explanation:
1. Calotropis produces cardiac glycosides; the monarch butterfly is distasteful to birds because of chemicals from its larval food plant; acacia and cactus have thorns; insects use camouflage.

Teacher's Note:
1. The monarch acquires the chemical from a poisonous weed.

Question 9: An exotic species introduced into a new geographical area becomes invasive and spreads rapidly mainly due to
(a) lack of food
(b) absence of its natural predator
(c) lack of water
(d) low reproductive rate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) absence of its natural predator

Explanation:
1. Without natural enemies, the population explodes, as for the Nile perch and Prickly pear in Australia.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prickly pear was controlled by Cactoblastis.

Question 10: When the feeding efficiency of one species is reduced by the presence of another, even if resources are abundant, the competition is called
(a) interference competition
(b) resource competition
(c) predation
(d) amensalism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) interference competition

Explanation:
1. Interference competition involves direct harm to the efficiency of the other species, as in the Abingdon tortoise and goats.

Teacher's Note:
1. Resource partitioning can avoid competition.

Question 11: Match: 1 Resource partitioning, 2 Competitive exclusion, 3 Struggle for existence with A Gause, B Darwin, C MacArthur. The correct pairing is
(a) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C
(b) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A
(c) 1-C, 2-B, 3-A
(d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B

Explanation:
1. MacArthur showed warblers feed on different parts of a tree; Gause's principle is competitive exclusion; Darwin used struggle for existence.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gause worked on Paramecium.

Question 12: Which organisms are more adversely affected by competition than carnivores?
(a) Decomposers
(b) Parasites
(c) Plants and herbivores
(d) Top predators
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Plants and herbivores

Explanation:
1. Competition is seen most clearly in plants and herbivores, which share resources.

Teacher's Note:
1. Interspecific competition lowers fitness.

Question 13: To avoid competition, species choose different feeding times and foraging patterns. This is called
(a) competitive exclusion
(b) resource partitioning
(c) camouflage
(d) amensalism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) resource partitioning

Explanation:
1. MacArthur's warblers on a single tree are an example.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gause's principle states that two closely related species competing for the same resource cannot coexist.

Question 14: Human liver fluke is a ______ parasite which depends on two intermediate hosts, a snail and a fish.
(a) trematode
(b) cestode
(c) nematode
(d) protozoan
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) trematode

Explanation:
1. The liver fluke (Fasciola) completes its life cycle through a snail and a fish.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasites often have complex life cycles.

Question 15: An organism that reduces the survival, growth and reproduction of its host, lowers its population density and makes it physically weak is called a
(a) predator
(b) commensal
(c) mutualist
(d) parasite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) parasite

Explanation:
1. Parasitism is a (+,-) interaction in which the parasite benefits and the host is harmed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasites are host specific.

Question 16: How many of the following are ectoparasites: lice, ticks, copepods, Cuscuta, Taenia, Ascaris, liver fluke?
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Seven
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Four

Explanation:
1. Lice, ticks, copepods and Cuscuta live on the surface of the host; Taenia, Ascaris and liver fluke are endoparasites.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cuscuta is a parasitic plant on hedge plants.

Question 17: Which of the following is NOT a feature of endoparasites?
(a) High reproductive potential
(b) Presence of adhesive organs only on outer surface for attaching to skin
(c) Simplified anatomy
(d) More complex life cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Presence of adhesive organs only on outer surface for attaching to skin

Explanation:
1. Endoparasites have loss of unnecessary sense organs, high reproductive capacity and complex life cycles; adhesive organs are present, but they are not outer skin attachments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasites show special adaptations.

Question 18: An interaction in which one organism lays its eggs in the nest of another organism is called
(a) brood parasitism
(b) commensalism
(c) predation
(d) mutualism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) brood parasitism

Explanation:
1. The cuckoo (koel) lays eggs in the nest of the crow, which incubates them.

Teacher's Note:
1. The eggs of the parasite mimic the host's eggs.

Question 19: Match the commensal relationships: 1 Mango branch, 2 Clown fish, 3 Egret bird, 4 Whale with A Sea anemone, B Barnacles, C Cattle, D Orchid. The correct pairing is
(a) 1-A, 2-D, 3-C, 4-B
(b) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
(c) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B
(d) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

Explanation:
1. An orchid grows on a mango branch; clown fish live among sea anemone tentacles; egrets feed on insects disturbed by cattle; barnacles grow on a whale's back.

Teacher's Note:
1. In each case one species benefits and the other is unaffected.

Question 20: A mutualistic relationship between a fungus and cyanobacteria (or algae) is called
(a) mycorrhiza
(b) nodulation
(c) lichen
(d) parasitism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) lichen

Explanation:
1. In lichens the fungus provides shelter and absorbs minerals while the alga makes food by photosynthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lichens are indicators of air pollution.

Question 21: A filamentous fungus absorbs nutrients from the soil for the higher plant and the plant provides carbohydrates to it. This association is
(a) lichen
(b) mycorrhiza
(c) nodulation
(d) commensalism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) mycorrhiza

Explanation:
1. Fungal hyphae form a network that increases the nutrient absorption of the plant, especially phosphorus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glomus is an example.

Question 22: Plants offer ______ to pollinators and ______ to seed dispersers as rewards.
(a) pollen and nectar; juicy and nutritious fruits
(b) fruits; pollen
(c) leaves; nectar
(d) wood; seeds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) pollen and nectar; juicy and nutritious fruits

Explanation:
1. These rewards secure mutualistic services.

Teacher's Note:
1. Many flowers are shaped to suit specific pollinators.

Question 23: In which of the following interactions do both the interacting species show co-evolution?
(a) Competition only
(b) Commensalism
(c) Amensalism
(d) Mutualism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mutualism

Explanation:
1. The evolution of the flower and its pollinator is tightly linked, for example the fig and its wasp.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasite and host also co-evolve.

Question 24: In the mutualism between the fig tree and the wasp, the wasp uses the fig fruit for ____, developing seeds for ____ and in turn favours ____ of the fig.
(a) feeding; egg laying; seed dispersal
(b) shelter; feeding; pollination
(c) egg laying; nourishing its larvae; pollination
(d) egg laying; shelter; seed dispersal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) egg laying; nourishing its larvae; pollination

Explanation:
1. The wasp pollinates the fig while laying eggs in the fruit, and its larvae feed on developing seeds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both depend on each other.

Question 25: Select the correct pairing of interaction and related organisms.
(a) Mutualism - Cuscuta and hedge plant
(b) Predation - monarch butterfly and bird
(c) Parasitism - orchid and mango tree
(d) Commensalism - Balanus and Chthamalus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Predation - monarch butterfly and bird

Explanation:
1. The monarch and bird have a predation relation; Cuscuta is a parasite; the orchid on mango is commensalism; Balanus and Chthamalus are competitors.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember each standard example.

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