NEET Biology Neural Control and Coordination MCQs Set 21

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Neural Control and Coordination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The functional unit of the neural system, which detects, receives and transmits stimuli, is the
(a) nephron
(b) neuroglia
(c) nucleus
(d) neuron
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) neuron

Explanation:
1. Neurons are highly specialised cells that detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli.

Teacher's Note:
1. The nervous system provides quick point-to-point connections.

Question 2: The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the CNS to involuntary organs and smooth muscles is the
(a) somatic neural system
(b) afferent division
(c) autonomic neural system
(d) spinal cord
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) autonomic neural system

Explanation:
1. The autonomic system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Teacher's Note:
1. The somatic system relays impulses to skeletal muscles.

Question 3: Afferent fibres of the PNS carry impulses
(a) from CNS to muscles
(b) from brain to spinal cord only
(c) from tissues or organs to the CNS
(d) between neurons of CNS
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) from tissues or organs to the CNS

Explanation:
1. Afferent fibres transmit impulses from tissues to CNS; efferent fibres carry them from CNS to effector organs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reflexes use both.

Question 4: The cells that form the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS are
(a) oligodendrocytes
(b) Schwann cells
(c) astrocytes
(d) microglia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Schwann cells

Explanation:
1. Schwann cells envelop the axon forming a myelin sheath, with gaps called nodes of Ranvier.

Teacher's Note:
1. Myelinated fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves.

Question 5: The gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths are called
(a) synaptic clefts
(b) Nissl granules
(c) nodes of Ranvier
(d) dendrites
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) nodes of Ranvier

Explanation:
1. Nodes of Ranvier occur at regular intervals along the myelinated axon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Impulses jump between them.

Question 6: Multipolar, bipolar and unipolar neurons are found respectively in
(a) cerebral cortex, retina of eye, embryonic stage
(b) retina, cerebral cortex, embryonic stage
(c) embryonic stage, retina, cortex
(d) cerebral cortex, embryonic stage, retina
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) cerebral cortex, retina of eye, embryonic stage

Explanation:
1. Multipolar neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, bipolar in the retina and unipolar neurons mainly in embryonic stage.

Teacher's Note:
1. Multipolar neurons have two or more dendrites.

Question 7: The concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ across the axonal membrane at rest are maintained by
(a) passive diffusion
(b) osmosis
(c) the Na+-K+ pump
(d) endocytosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) the Na+-K+ pump

Explanation:
1. The sodium-potassium pump moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in using ATP.

Teacher's Note:
1. This maintains the polarised state.

Question 8: A stimulus causing generation of an action potential first changes the membrane permeability for
(a) K+ ions
(b) Cl- ions
(c) Ca2+ ions
(d) Na+ ions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Na+ ions

Explanation:
1. A rapid influx of Na+ reverses the polarity of the membrane at the site of stimulus.

Teacher's Note:
1. The membrane is then depolarised.

Question 9: Junctions through which an impulse passes from one neuron to another are called
(a) nodes
(b) synapses
(c) plexuses
(d) ganglia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) synapses

Explanation:
1. A synapse is formed by the membranes of a pre- and a post-synaptic neuron, with or without a gap.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters.

Question 10: In which type of synapse does the transmission of an impulse resemble conduction along a single axon?
(a) Chemical synapse
(b) Neuromuscular junction
(c) Electrical synapse
(d) Gap with acetylcholine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Electrical synapse

Explanation:
1. Electrical synapses have very close membranes and current flows directly, which is faster, but rare in our system.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chemical synapses are separated by a synaptic cleft.

Question 11: The membranes covering the brain are called
(a) pleura
(b) pericardium
(c) peritoneum
(d) meninges
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) meninges

Explanation:
1. The brain is covered by three cranial meninges: dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater.

Teacher's Note:
1. The brain is protected by the skull.

Question 12: The region of the cerebral cortex that is neither clearly sensory nor motor and is responsible for complex functions is the
(a) motor area
(b) association area
(c) sensory area
(d) limbic area
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) association area

Explanation:
1. Association areas handle intersensory associations, memory and communication.

Teacher's Note:
1. Motor areas control movement.

Question 13: The major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signalling in the forebrain, wrapped by the cerebrum, is the
(a) hypothalamus
(b) thalamus
(c) cerebellum
(d) medulla
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) thalamus

Explanation:
1. The thalamus is the relay centre.

Teacher's Note:
1. The hypothalamus controls temperature, eating and drinking.

Question 14: The hypothalamus controls all of the following EXCEPT
(a) body temperature
(b) coordination of voluntary movement
(c) eating and drinking
(d) secretion of releasing hormones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) coordination of voluntary movement

Explanation:
1. The hypothalamus has neurosecretory cells and regulates temperature, hunger and thirst; voluntary movement coordination is a cerebellar function.

Teacher's Note:
1. It also acts as the biological clock.

Question 15: The canal that connects the forebrain and hindbrain through the midbrain is the
(a) central canal
(b) cerebral aqueduct
(c) foramen magnum
(d) Eustachian tube
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) cerebral aqueduct

Explanation:
1. The cerebral aqueduct passes through the midbrain.

Teacher's Note:
1. The dorsal part of the midbrain has four corpora quadrigemina.

Question 16: The reflex pathway requires at least
(a) two interneurons only
(b) one afferent and one efferent neuron
(c) one neuron only
(d) the brain
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) one afferent and one efferent neuron

Explanation:
1. A reflex arc has a receptor, afferent neuron, CNS, efferent neuron and effector.

Teacher's Note:
1. A reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus.

Question 17: The layer of the eye that is bluish in colour and contains many blood vessels is the
(a) choroid
(b) sclera
(c) retina
(d) cornea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) choroid

Explanation:
1. The choroid is the middle layer.

Teacher's Note:
1. The ciliary body, anterior to the choroid, holds the lens.

Question 18: Which ear ossicle is attached to the oval window of the cochlea?
(a) Malleus
(b) Incus
(c) Hyoid
(d) Stapes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Stapes

Explanation:
1. Malleus attaches to the tympanic membrane, incus links them, and stapes touches the oval window.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ossicles amplify sound.

Question 19: The coiled portion of the membranous labyrinth is filled with ______ and the surrounding bony labyrinth with ______.
(a) perilymph, endolymph
(b) endolymph, perilymph
(c) plasma, lymph
(d) endolymph, cerebrospinal fluid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) endolymph, perilymph

Explanation:
1. The cochlear duct contains endolymph and is surrounded by perilymph in scala vestibuli and scala tympani.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reissner's membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct.

Question 20: The organ of Corti, the hearing apparatus, is located on the
(a) basilar membrane
(b) Reissner's membrane
(c) tectorial membrane
(d) tympanic membrane
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) basilar membrane

Explanation:
1. The organ of Corti has hair cells that transmit pressure changes into nerve impulses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its hair cells are covered by the tectorial membrane.

Question 21: The vestibular apparatus, concerned with body balance, consists of
(a) cochlea and organ of Corti
(b) semicircular canals and otolith organ
(c) ossicles and tympanum
(d) Eustachian tube only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) semicircular canals and otolith organ

Explanation:
1. The vestibular apparatus has three semicircular canals and an otolith organ made of the saccule and utricle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cristae and maculae are the sensory ridges.

Question 22: Which part of the ear determines the pitch of a sound?
(a) Cochlea
(b) Utricle
(c) Semicircular canals
(d) Pinna
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cochlea

Explanation:
1. Different frequencies stimulate different regions of the basilar membrane in the cochlea.

Teacher's Note:
1. The brain interprets the signals.

Question 23: The part of the human brain that is most developed is the
(a) cerebellum
(b) medulla
(c) cerebrum
(d) pons
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) cerebrum

Explanation:
1. The cerebrum forms the major part of the human brain.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is divided by the median longitudinal fissure.

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