NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQs Set 15

Answer: (a) Atropa

Explanation:
1. The alkaloid atropine, known as belladonna, comes from Atropa belladonna.
2. Rauwolfia gives reserpine (Apocynaceae).

Teacher's Note:
1. Belladonna = Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae).

Answer: (c) Placenta

Explanation:
1. The brinjal berry has a thick fleshy pericarp, and the placenta with seeds is the major edible part.
2. The thalamus and calyx are not eaten.

Teacher's Note:
1. In solanaceous berries the placenta is swollen.

Answer: (a) Poaceae

Explanation:
1. In grasses the ovary is unilocular with a single ovule at the base, so the placentation is basal.
2. Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Liliaceae show axile placentation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Basal: Poaceae, sunflower (Compositae), marigold.

Answer: (d) Fabaceae

Explanation:
1. In pea and other papilionoids nine filaments are fused into a bundle and one is free, which is diadelphous.
2. The formula is (9)+1.

Teacher's Note:
1. A(9)+1 for Fabaceae.

Answer: (a) Fabaceae

Explanation:
1. Legumes host Rhizobium in root nodules for nitrogen fixation.
2. Only Fabaceae among the options does this.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nodulated roots = Fabaceae.

Answer: (a) \( \text{Br}\ \%\ \text{⚥}\ K_{(5)} C_{1+2+(2)} A_{(9)+1} \underline{G}_1 \)

Explanation:
1. Pea flower is bracteate, zygomorphic (%), bisexual, with a gamosepalous 5-lobed calyx K(5), five petals C1+2+(2) (standard, two wings, two fused keel petals), diadelphous stamens A(9)+1 and a superior monocarpellary ovary.
2. Only the first option writes all these correctly.

Teacher's Note:
1. Option 2 says actinomorphic with free petals; option 3 writes free stamens; option 4 says A10 free.
2. Diadelphous needs the bracket on the 9.

Answer: (b) Flower is a modified shoot

Explanation:
1. A flower is a condensed reproductive shoot, with the thalamus as a shortened axis and sepals, petals, stamens and carpels as modified leaves.
2. It is therefore a modified shoot.

Teacher's Note:
1. Floral parts are modified leaves on a shortened axis.

Answer: (b) Diadelphous

Explanation:
1. Pea has ten stamens, nine fused and one free.
2. This is the diadelphous condition.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pea: A(9)+1.

Answer: (c) Fabaceae

Explanation:
1. The legume (pod) is a dry fruit that splits along both sutures, and is typical of the pea family.
2. It is derived from a monocarpellary ovary.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fabaceae: legume. Cruciferae: siliqua. Solanaceae: berry/capsule.

Answer: (c) Tomato, Brinjal

Explanation:
1. The formula shows actinomorphic bisexual flowers with 5 fused sepals, 5 fused petals, 5 epipetalous stamens and a superior bicarpellary syncarpous ovary.
2. This matches Solanaceae, to which tomato and brinjal belong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Onion and garlic are Liliaceae, with a perianth P(3+3), and pea is Fabaceae.

Answer: (a) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Liliaceae are monocots, so their leaves have parallel venation.
2. The other three families are dicots with reticulate venation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Monocot families: Liliaceae, Poaceae.

Answer: (c) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Liliaceae have six stamens in two whorls of three, attached to the perianth lobes (epiphyllous).
2. Solanaceae stamens are epipetalous with a single whorl.

Teacher's Note:
1. Liliaceae: A(3+3), epiphyllous.

Answer: (c) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Liliaceae flowers have a perianth of six petal-like tepals in two whorls.
2. The others have a distinct calyx and corolla.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tepals are undifferentiated sepals and petals.

Answer: (c) Marginal

Explanation:
1. The ovary of pea is monocarpellary and unilocular, with ovules along the ventral suture of the carpel margin.
2. This is marginal placentation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fabaceae: marginal placentation.

Answer: (c) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Colchicum autumnale is a lily-family plant that yields colchicine.
2. Colchicine is used in plant breeding to induce polyploidy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Liliaceae: Colchicum (colchicine), Aloe, Asparagus.

Answer: (a) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Smilax (a climber) and Gloriosa (glory lily) are Liliaceae members.
2. They are monocots with trimerous flowers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gloriosa and Smilax are monocots; Smilax shows reticulate venation.

Answer: (d) Brassica campestris (Mustard)

Explanation:
1. Mustard has four long and two short stamens and four petals in a cross.
2. The other plants belong to Solanaceae or Malvaceae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tetradynamous plus cruciform means Cruciferae.

Answer: (c) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. Perianth (tepals) with floral parts in threes occurs in Liliaceae.
2. The other families have separate calyx and corolla and are dicots.

Teacher's Note:
1. Liliaceae: P(3+3) A3+3 G(3).

Answer: (b) Fruit

Explanation:
1. Maize grain is a caryopsis, a one-seeded fruit in which the fruit wall and seed coat are fused.
2. It is therefore a fruit.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wheat, rice and maize grains are all caryopsis fruits.

Answer: (b) Liliaceae

Explanation:
1. The formula shows trimerous actinomorphic bisexual flowers with six tepals, six stamens and a tricarpellary syncarpous superior ovary.
2. That is the floral formula of Liliaceae.

Teacher's Note:
1. P(3+3) is the key to identify a lily-family flower.

Answer: (d) Sepals

Explanation:
1. The outermost whorl of a flower is the calyx, made of sepals.
2. Petals, stamens and carpels follow inwards.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sequence from outside: calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium.