NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 22

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: What will be the sequence of mRNA produced from the following stretch of DNA? 3' ATGCATGCATGCATG 5' is the template strand and 5' TACGTACGTACGTAC 3' is the coding strand.
(a) 3' AUGCAUGCAUGCAUG 5'
(b) 5' UACGUACGUACGUAC 3'
(c) 3' UACGUACGUACGUAC 5'
(d) 5' AUGCAUGCAUGCAUG 3'
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 5' UACGUACGUACGUAC 3'

Explanation:
1. mRNA is complementary to the template strand, so it is identical to the coding strand with U in place of T.
2. It is made 5' to 3', giving 5' UACGUACGUACGUAC 3'.

Question 2: Histone proteins are rich in
(a) Glutamic acid and aspartic acid
(b) Lysine and arginine
(c) Glutamic acid and valine
(d) Lysine and valine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lysine and arginine

Explanation:
1. Histones are basic proteins rich in the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, so they bind the negatively charged DNA.

Question 3: The bond between deoxyribose and a purine base in a nucleoside is a
(a) 1'-1 glycosidic linkage
(b) 1'-9 glycosidic linkage
(c) 1'-3 glycosidic linkage
(d) 1'-4 glycosidic linkage
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1'-9 glycosidic linkage

Explanation:
1. The C1' of the sugar joins to N9 of a purine (and N1 of a pyrimidine) by an N-glycosidic bond.

Question 4: What is the number of phosphodiester bonds and N-glycosidic bonds respectively in a double-stranded circular DNA of 100 base pairs?
(a) 200 and 200
(b) 198 and 200
(c) 200 and 198
(d) 98 and 100
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 200 and 200

Explanation:
1. There are 200 nucleotides, each with one N-glycosidic bond.
2. In a circular molecule each strand has as many phosphodiester bonds as nucleotides, so 200 bonds in all.

Question 5: The radioactive isotope used to label the DNA of bacteriophage in the Hershey and Chase experiment was
(a) S35
(b) P32
(c) N15
(d) C14
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) P32

Explanation:
1. DNA contains phosphorus but no sulphur, so it was labelled with P32. The protein coat was labelled with S35.

Question 6: In its actual three-dimensional structure the tRNA is a compact molecule that looks like an inverted
(a) J
(b) M
(c) K
(d) L
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) L

Explanation:
1. The clover-leaf drawing folds into an inverted L shape in three dimensions.

Question 7: Griffith could distinguish the two strains of Pneumococcus because of
(a) Colony appearance in culture
(b) Differences in their pathogenicity in mice
(c) Their sizes
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
1. The smooth strain forms shiny colonies and kills mice, while the rough strain forms rough colonies and is harmless.

Question 8: Heavy DNA of E. coli (N15) is allowed to replicate in N14 medium for 100 minutes (generation time 20 minutes). What is the ratio of light to hybrid DNA molecules?
(a) 7 : 1
(b) 15 : 1
(c) 1 : 7
(d) 1 : 15
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 15 : 1

Explanation:
1. 100 minutes is 5 generations, giving 32 DNA molecules.
2. Only 2 of them are hybrid (one old strand each), so 30 are light. The ratio is 30 : 2 = 15 : 1.

Question 9: Which loop of the tRNA molecule helps in connecting the tRNA to the larger subunit of the ribosome?
(a) DHU loop
(b) Recognition loop
(c) Variable loop
(d) T psi C loop
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) T psi C loop

Explanation:
1. The T psi C loop binds the ribosome. The DHU loop binds the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and the anticodon loop reads the codon.

Question 10: The A provides the template during translation, B brings amino acids and reads the genetic code, and C plays structural and catalytic roles. Choose the correct words for A, B and C.
(a) r-RNA, t-RNA, m-RNA
(b) hn-RNA, sn-RNA, t-RNA
(c) m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA
(d) m-RNA, r-RNA, t-RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA

Explanation:
1. mRNA carries the code, tRNA brings amino acids and decodes the codons, and rRNA forms the structure and catalyses peptide bond formation in the ribosome.

Question 11: A DNA molecule contains 10,000 base pairs. What is its length?
(a) 3.4 x 10^-5 m
(b) 0.34 x 10^-5 m
(c) 34 x 10^-5 m
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 0.34 x 10^-5 m

Explanation:
1. Adjacent base pairs are 0.34 nm apart.
2. Length = 10000 x 0.34 nm = 3400 nm = 3.4 x 10^-6 m = 0.34 x 10^-5 m.

Question 12: Find the correct matching: (i) RNA polymerase I, (ii) RNA polymerase II, (iii) RNA polymerase III with (a) hnRNA, (b) snRNA, (c) 18S rRNA.
(a) (i)-b, (ii)-c, (iii)-a
(b) (i)-c, (ii)-a, (iii)-b
(c) (i)-c, (ii)-b, (iii)-a
(d) (i)-b, (ii)-a, (iii)-c
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) (i)-c, (ii)-a, (iii)-b

Explanation:
1. Pol I transcribes the large rRNAs (28S, 18S, 5.8S), pol II transcribes hnRNA (the precursor of mRNA) and pol III transcribes tRNA, 5S rRNA and snRNA.

Question 13: In prokaryotes, which factor helps RNA polymerase to recognise the terminator site?
(a) Rho factor
(b) Sigma factor
(c) Alpha factor
(d) Gamma factor
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Rho factor

Explanation:
1. Rho (termination) factor helps RNA polymerase recognise the terminator. The sigma factor helps it recognise the promoter and start transcription.

Question 14: Which RNA plays structural and catalytic roles in translation?
(a) rRNA
(b) mRNA
(c) tRNA
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) rRNA

Explanation:
1. rRNA forms the scaffold of the ribosome and acts as a ribozyme in peptide bond formation. mRNA is the template and tRNA is the adapter.

Question 15: Which statement is true for transcription?
(a) Both strands of DNA are copied during transcription
(b) The total DNA of an organism gets transcribed
(c) Adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine
(d) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase catalyses transcription
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine

Explanation:
1. Only one strand of a gene is transcribed, only some regions of the DNA are transcribed, and the enzyme is DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine and pairs with adenine.

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