NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 21

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Molecular Basis of Inheritance designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

Practice Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs for NEET Biology

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Haploid content of human DNA contains
(a) 4.6 × 10⁶ bp
(b) 3.3 × 10⁸ bp
(c) 6.6 × 10⁹ bp
(d) 3.3 × 10⁹ bp
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 3.3 × 10⁹ bp

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) 3.3 × 10⁹ bp.
2. 3.3 × 109 → Genome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 3.3 × 10⁹ bp.

Question 2: Which of the following nitrogenous bases are common for both RNA and DNA?
(a) C, G, A
(b) G, A, U
(c) T, A, C
(d) U, A, C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C, G, A

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) C, G, A.
2. Pu → A, G Common Py → C.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: C, G, A.

Question 3: Adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain are joined by
(a) N-glycosidic bond
(b) Phosphodiester bond
(c) O-glycosidic bond
(d) Hydrogen bond
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Phosphodiester bond

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Phosphodiester bond.
2. S–P–S Phosphodiester bond.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Phosphodiester bond.

Question 4: Sugars are attached to the pyrimidines by the formation of
(a) Hydrogen bond
(b) N-glycosidic bond
(c) Phosphoester bond
(d) O-glycosidic bond
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) N-glycosidic bond

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) N-glycosidic bond.
2. C–N–C.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. Check every option separately before choosing a combined answer.

Question 5: Cytidine is a
(a) Nucleoside
(b) Nitrogen base
(c) Nucleotide
(d) Common dinucleotide in DNA and RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nucleoside

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Nucleoside.
2. C + S → Cytidine Nitrogenus Sugar Base.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Nucleoside.

Question 6: Which of the following process is related to reverse transcription?
(a) DNA dependent DNA synthesis
(b) RNA dependent DNA synthesis
(c) DNA dependent RNA synthesis
(d) RNA dependent polypeptide synthesis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RNA dependent DNA synthesis

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) RNA dependent DNA synthesis.
2. RNA RNA Reverse DNA Transcriptase ⇒ RNA dependent DNA polymerase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: RNA dependent DNA synthesis.

Question 7: Which of the following structures are present in core particle of nucleosome?
(a) Octamer of histone proteins
(b) 200 bp of DNA
(c) Non-histone proteins
(d) Linker DNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Octamer of histone proteins

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Octamer of histone proteins.
2. H2A H2B 8 mole of histones H3 H4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Octamer of histone proteins.

Question 8: Packaging of DNA helix
(a) Involves polyamines in eukaryotes
(b) Occurs with the help of NHC proteins only
(c) Requires acidic proteins that help in coiling of DNA in prokaryotes
(d) Is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) Is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes.
2. Nucleosome model.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes.

Question 9: Length of DNA in E. coli is
(a) 2.2 m
(b) 1.36 mm
(c) 1.36 m
(d) 3.4 m
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1.36 mm

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) 1.36 mm.
2. 4.6 × 106 × 0.34 mm = 1.36 mm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 1.36 mm.

Question 10: Which of the following radioactive isotopes were used to label protein and DNA respectively in the Hershey and Chase experiment?
(a) 32P, 35P
(b) 35S, 35P
(c) 35S, 32P
(d) 32S, 35P
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 35S, 32P

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) 35S, 32P.
2. S35 → Protein coat P32 → DNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 35S, 32P.

Question 11: Which plant was used by Taylor to prove semiconservative replication at chromosomal level?
(a) Haematoxylon
(b) Vicia faba
(c) Trillium
(d) Ophioglossum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Vicia faba

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Vicia faba.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Vicia faba.

Question 12: Unwinding of DNA creates tension which is released by enzyme
(a) Helicase
(b) Topoisomerase
(c) Primase
(d) Ligase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Topoisomerase

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Topoisomerase.
2. Topoisomerase remove twisting stress.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Topoisomerase.

Question 13: During polymerisation of deoxyribonucleosides triphosphates in bacteria which of the following enzyme is mainly required?
(a) DNA dependent RNA polymerase
(b) DNA dependent DNA polymerase
(c) RNA dependent DNA polymerase
(d) DNA gyrase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) DNA dependent DNA polymerase

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) DNA dependent DNA polymerase.
2. DNA pol III → Read DNA segment and add nucleotide of DNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: DNA dependent DNA polymerase.

Question 14: DNA polymerases catalyse polymerisation of deoxyribonucleotides in which direction?
(a) 3′ → 5′ direction only
(b) 5′ → 3′ direction
(c) Both 5′ → 3′ and 3′ → 5′ directions
(d) Neither direction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 5′ → 3′ direction

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) 5′ → 3′ direction.
2. 5' → 3 Polymerisation direction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 5′ → 3′ direction.

Question 15: During DNA replication which of the following does not act as substrates?
(a) dATP
(b) dCTP
(c) dUTP
(d) dGTP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) dUTP

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (3) dUTP.
2. dUTP → Does not exist.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: dUTP.

Question 16: Out of the two strands of DNA one is carrying genetic information for transcription and it is called
(a) Coding strand
(b) Non template strand
(c) Sense strand
(d) Template strand
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Template strand

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) Template strand.
2. Antisense or template strank.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Template strand.

Question 17: When a mature mRNA was hybridised to its gene certain loops were observed. These loops represent
(a) Introns in DNA
(b) Introns in rRNA
(c) Exons in tRNA
(d) Exons in DNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Introns in DNA

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Introns in DNA.
2. Intro → Intervening sequence.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Introns in DNA.

Question 18: Poly A tail is present in
(a) mRNA of bacteria
(b) tRNA of eukaryotes
(c) Promotor of bacteria
(d) mRNA of eukaryotes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) mRNA of eukaryotes

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (4) mRNA of eukaryotes.
2. mRNA of eukaryotes carry poly during post-transcription change.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: mRNA of eukaryotes.

Question 19: Find out the incorrect match.
(a) UUU – Phenylalanine
(b) UAG – Sense codon
(c) GUG – Valine
(d) UGG – Tryptophan
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) UAG – Sense codon

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) UAG – Sense codon.
2. UAG → Nonsence codon on stop codon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: UAG – Sense codon.

Question 20: One codon codes for only one amino acid, hence the code is
(a) Ambiguous and non-specific
(b) Unambiguous and specific
(c) Ambiguous and specific
(d) Unambiguous and non-specific
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Unambiguous and specific

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) Unambiguous and specific.
2. Unambiguous → Like AUG → Methione not for any other AA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Unambiguous and specific.

Question 21: What is incorrect for UTR?
(a) Present in between the translational unit in mRNA
(b) Not recognised by any tRNA
(c) Required for efficient translation process
(d) Provide stability to mRNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Present in between the translational unit in mRNA

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) Present in between the translational unit in mRNA.
2. Present between Cap and Start and stop codon and poly A tail.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: Present in between the translational unit in mRNA.

Question 22: In bacteria, catalytic RNA is found in
(a) 60S subunit of ribosome
(b) 50S subunit of ribosome
(c) 30S subunit of ribosome
(d) 40S subunit of ribosome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 50S subunit of ribosome

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (2) 50S subunit of ribosome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 50S subunit of ribosome.

Question 23: In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III catalyses the synthesis of
(a) 5 S rRNA, tRNA & SnRNA
(b) mRNA, HnRNA & SnRNA
(c) 28 S rRNA, 18 S rRNA & 5 S rRNA
(d) All types of rRNA & tRNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 5 S rRNA, tRNA & SnRNA

Explanation:
1. The correct option is (1) 5 S rRNA, tRNA & SnRNA.
2. 5S rRNA, tRNA and SnRNA (Regulation of Gene Expression, Human Genome Project, DNA Fingerprinting).

Teacher's Note:
1. Link this question to the matching NCERT topic and revise it.
2. The point to remember: 5 S rRNA, tRNA & SnRNA.

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