NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 16

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which one of the following also acts as a catalyst in a bacterial cell?
(a) 23 S rRNA
(b) 5 S rRNA
(c) sn RNA
(d) hn RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 23 S rRNA

Explanation:
1. The 23S rRNA is a ribozyme in bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Peptidyl transferase activity.

Question 2: What are those structures that appear as 'beads – on – string' in the chromosomes when viewed under electron microscope?
(a) Base pairs
(b) Genes
(c) Nucleotides
(d) Nucleosomes
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Answer: (d) Nucleosomes

Explanation:
1. Nucleosomes appear as beads on a string under the electron microscope.

Teacher's Note:
1. 8 histones plus DNA.

Question 3: In history of biology, human genome project led to the development of
(a) Bioinformatics
(b) Biosystematics
(c) Biotechnology
(d) Biomonitoring
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Answer: (a) Bioinformatics

Explanation:
1. The Human Genome Project led to the development of bioinformatics.

Teacher's Note:
1. Data handling.

Question 4: The unequivocal proof of DNA as the genetic material came from the studies on a
(a) Viroid
(b) Bacterial virus
(c) Bacterium
(d) Fungus
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Answer: (b) Bacterial virus

Explanation:
1. Hershey and Chase used a bacterial virus (bacteriophage T2).

Teacher's Note:
1. Conclusive proof for DNA.

Question 5: Which one of the following does not follow the central dogma of molecular biology?
(a) HIV
(b) Pea
(c) Mucor
(d) Chlamydomonas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) HIV

Explanation:
1. HIV is a retrovirus, which makes DNA from RNA using reverse transcriptase, thereby violating the central dogma.

Teacher's Note:
1. Teminism.

Question 6: Select the two correct statements out of the four (a–d) given below about lac operon.
(a) Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor and inactivate it.
(b) In the absence of lactose the repressor binds with the operator region.
(c) The z-gene codes for permease.
(d) This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod. The correct statements are
(a) (a) and (b)
(b) (b) and (c)
(c) (a) and (c)
(d) (b) and (d)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (b) and (d)

Explanation:
1. In the absence of lactose the repressor binds the operator (b), and the operon was elucidated by Jacob and Monod (d). Lactose, not glucose or galactose, inactivates the repressor, and z codes for beta-galactosidase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Z = beta-galactosidase, Y = permease, A = transacetylase.

Question 7: The one aspect which is not a salient feature of genetic code, is its being
(a) Specific
(b) Degenerate
(c) Ambiguous
(d) Universal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ambiguous

Explanation:
1. The genetic code is specific, degenerate, non-ambiguous and universal, so ambiguity is not a feature.

Teacher's Note:
1. One codon codes for one amino acid.

Question 8: In eukaryotic cell transcription, RNA splicing and RNA capping take place inside the
(a) Ribosomes
(b) Nucleus
(c) Dictyosomes
(d) ER
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nucleus

Explanation:
1. Transcription, splicing and capping in eukaryotes occur in the nucleus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Translation occurs in cytoplasm.

Question 9: The lac operon consists of
(a) Four regulatory genes only
(b) One regulatory gene and three structural genes
(c) Two regulatory genes and two structural genes
(d) Three regulatory genes and three structural genes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) One regulatory gene and three structural genes

Explanation:
1. The lac operon has one regulatory gene (i) and three structural genes (z, y, a).

Teacher's Note:
1. Plus promoter and operator.

Question 10: The 3 — 5 phosphodiester linkages inside a polynucleotide chain serve to join
(a) One DNA strand with the other DNA strand
(b) One nucleoside with another nucleoside
(c) One nucleotide with another nucleotide
(d) One nitrogenous base with pentose sugar
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) One nucleotide with another nucleotide

Explanation:
1. A 3'-5' phosphodiester linkage joins one nucleotide to another.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bonds backbone.

Question 11: Satellite DNA is useful tool in
(a) Genetic engineering
(b) Organ transplantation
(c) Sex determination
(d) Forensic science
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Forensic science

Explanation:
1. Satellite DNA is used in forensic science through DNA fingerprinting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identity testing.

Question 12: Removal of introns and joining the exons in a defined order in a transcription unit is called:
(a) Tailing
(b) Transformation
(c) Capping
(d) Splicing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Splicing

Explanation:
1. Removal of introns and joining of exons is splicing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Post-transcriptional.

Question 13: Semiconservative replication of DNA was first demonstrated in
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
(c) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) Drosophila melanogaster
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Escherichia coli

Explanation:
1. Semiconservative replication of DNA was first demonstrated in E. coli.

Teacher's Note:
1. Meselson-Stahl.

Question 14: What is not true for genetic code?
(a) It is nearly universal
(b) It is degenerate
(c) It is unambiguous
(d) A codon in mRNA is read in a noncontiguous fashion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A codon in mRNA is read in a noncontiguous fashion

Explanation:
1. The code is read as non-overlapping, contiguous triplets, so reading in a non-contiguous fashion is not true.

Teacher's Note:
1. Continuous reading.

Question 15: Whose experiments cracked the DNA and discovered unequivocally that a genetic code is a "triplet"?
(a) Hershey and Chase
(b) Morgan and Sturtevant
(c) Beadle and Tatum
(d) Nirenberg and Mathaei
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Nirenberg and Mathaei

Explanation:
1. Nirenberg and Matthaei cracked the genetic code with synthetic RNA experiments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Poly-U gave phenylalanine.

Question 16: Which one of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids, is wrongly matched with the category mentioned against it?
(a) Adenine, Thymine - Purines
(b) Thymine, Uracil - Pyrimidines
(c) Uracil, Cytosine - Pyrimidines
(d) Guanine, Adenine - Purines
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Adenine, Thymine - Purines

Explanation:
1. Adenine and thymine are not both purines: thymine is a pyrimidine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Purines: A, G.

Question 17: In the DNA molecules
(a) The two strands run antiparallel, one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'
(b) The total amount of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal
(c) The two strands run parallel in the 5' to 3' direction
(d) The proportion of adenine to thymine varies with the organism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The two strands run antiparallel, one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'

Explanation:
1. The two DNA strands run antiparallel, one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chargaff: purines = pyrimidines.

Question 18: Which one of the following pairs of codons is correctly matched with their function or the signal for the particular amino acid?
(a) UUA, UCA - Leucine
(b) GUU, GCU - Alanine
(c) UAG, UGA - Stop
(d) AUG, ACG - Start / Methionine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) UAG, UGA - Stop

Explanation:
1. UAG and UGA are stop codons. UUA is Leu but UCA is Ser, GUU is Val, AUG is Met but ACG is Thr.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check each codon.

Question 19: One gene-one enzyme relationship was established for the first time in
(a) Diploccus pneumoniae
(b) Neurospora crassa
(c) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) Escherichia coli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Neurospora crassa

Explanation:
1. The one gene-one enzyme relation was shown in Neurospora crassa by Beadle and Tatum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bread mould.

Question 20: A sequential expression of a set of human genes occurs when a steroid molecule binds to the:
(a) Ribosome
(b) Transfer RNA
(c) Messenger RNA
(d) DNA sequence
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) DNA sequence

Explanation:
1. Steroid hormones enter the cell and bind receptors that act on specific DNA sequences to turn genes on or off.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hormone-receptor complex binds DNA.

Question 21: The Okazaki fragments in DNA chain growth:
(a) Polymerise in the 5' to 3' direction and explain 3' to 5' DNA replication
(b) Result in transcription
(c) Polymerise in the 3' to 5' direction and form the replication fork
(d) Prove the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Polymerise in the 5' to 3' direction and explain 3' to 5' DNA replication

Explanation:
1. Okazaki fragments are synthesised 5' to 3' and so explain how both strands can be replicated although polymerase works only 5' to 3'.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lagging strand synthesis.

Question 22: Molecular basis of organ differentiation depends on the modulation in transcription by:
(a) Anticodon
(b) RNA polymerase
(c) Ribosome
(d) Transcription factor
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Transcription factor

Explanation:
1. Transcription factors modulate transcription and thus control differentiation of organs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gene expression regulation.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance

NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Objective Test Questions

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