NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 15

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Taylor conducted the experiments to prove semiconservative mode of chromosome replication on
(a) Vinca rosea
(b) Vicia faba
(c) Drosophila melanogaster
(d) E. coli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Vicia faba

Explanation:
1. Taylor proved semiconservative replication of chromosomes in Vicia faba using radioactive thymidine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant root tips.

Question 2: The equivalent of a structural gene is
(a) Muton
(b) Cistron
(c) Operon
(d) Recon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cistron

Explanation:
1. A cistron is a DNA segment coding for one polypeptide, equal to a structural gene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Muton: mutation unit; recon: recombination unit.

Question 3: Which of the following rRNAs acts as structural RNA as well as ribozyme in bacteria?
(a) 5 S rRNA
(b) 18 S rRNA
(c) 23 S rRNA
(d) 5.8 S rRNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 23 S rRNA

Explanation:
1. The 23S rRNA is both a structural component of the large subunit and a ribozyme (peptidyl transferase).

Teacher's Note:
1. rRNA catalyses peptide bonds.

Question 4: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes transcription on one strand of the DNA which is called the
(a) Template strand
(b) Coding strand
(c) Alpha strand
(d) Antistrand
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Template strand

Explanation:
1. The strand used as template for RNA polymerase is the template strand.

Teacher's Note:
1. Coding strand has the mRNA sequence.

Question 5: Which of the following is required as inducer(s) for the expression of Lac operon?
(a) Lactose and Galactose
(b) Glucose
(c) Galactose
(d) Lactose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Lactose

Explanation:
1. Lactose (allolactose) is the inducer of the lac operon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glucose is not an inducer.

Question 6: Which of the following is not required for any of the techniques of DNA fingerprinting available at present?
(a) DNA-DNA hybridization
(b) Polymerase chain reaction
(c) Zinc finger analysis
(d) Restriction enzymes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Zinc finger analysis

Explanation:
1. Zinc finger analysis is not a DNA fingerprinting technique; hybridisation, PCR and restriction enzymes are.

Teacher's Note:
1. Zinc finger is a protein motif.

Question 7: Which one of the following is the starter codon?
(a) UAG
(b) AUG
(c) UGA
(d) UAA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) AUG

Explanation:
1. AUG is the start codon; UAA, UAG, UGA are stop codons.

Teacher's Note:
1. AUG codes for methionine.

Question 8: Identify the correct order of organisation of genetic material from largest to smallest
(a) Chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene
(b) Chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide
(c) Genome, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
(d) Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide

Explanation:
1. From largest to smallest: genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Think of a book: library, chapters...

Question 9: Satellite DNA is important because it
(a) Code for enzymes needed for DNA replication
(b) Codes for proteins needed in cell cycle
(c) Shows high degree of polymorphism in population and also the same degree of polymorphism in an individual, which is heritable from parents to children
(d) Does not code for proteins and is same in all members of the population
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Shows high degree of polymorphism in population and also the same degree of polymorphism in an individual, which is heritable from parents to children

Explanation:
1. Satellite DNA is repetitive and highly polymorphic between individuals but heritable, which is the basis of fingerprinting.

Teacher's Note:
1. It does not code for proteins.

Question 10: Gene regulation governing lactose operon of E.coli that involves the lac I gene product is
(a) Feedback inhibition because excess of -galactosidase can switch off transcription
(b) Positive and inducible because it can be induced by lactose
(c) Negative and inducible because repressor protein prevents transcription
(d) Negative and repressible because repressor protein prevents transcription
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Negative and inducible because repressor protein prevents transcription

Explanation:
1. The lac operon regulated by the lac i repressor is negative and inducible.

Teacher's Note:
1. Repressor blocks; inducer lifts block.

Question 11: Which one of the followings is wrongly matched?
(a) Transcription- Writing information from DNA to t-RNA
(b) Translation-Using information in m-RNA to make protein
(c) Repressor protein-Binds to operator to stop enzyme synthesis
(d) Operon-Structural genes, operator and promoter
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Transcription- Writing information from DNA to t-RNA

Explanation:
1. Transcription produces RNA from DNA (mainly mRNA); writing DNA information into tRNA is not a proper definition of transcription. An operon is made of structural genes, an operator and a promoter, so (d) is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match definitions carefully.

Question 12: Select the correct option for the direction of RNA synthesis and the direction in which the template DNA strand is read.
(a) RNA synthesis 5' to 3'; template read 3' to 5'
(b) RNA synthesis 3' to 5'; template read 5' to 3'
(c) RNA synthesis 5' to 3'; template read 5' to 3'
(d) RNA synthesis 3' to 5'; template read 3' to 5'
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) RNA synthesis 5' to 3'; template read 3' to 5'

Explanation:
1. RNA is made in the 5' to 3' direction and reads the template DNA strand 3' to 5'.

Teacher's Note:
1. Template is read antiparallel.

Question 13: Transformation was discovered by
(a) Meselson and Stahl
(b) Hershey and Chase
(c) Griffith
(d) Watson and Crick
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Griffith

Explanation:
1. Griffith discovered bacterial transformation in Streptococcus (Diplococcus) pneumoniae.

Teacher's Note:
1. 1928.

Question 14: The central dogma DNA, (A), mRNA, (B), protein was proposed by (C). Fill in A to C.
(a) A: translation, B: transcription, C: Erwin Chargaff
(b) A: transcription, B: translation, C: Francis Crick
(c) A: translation, B: extension, C: Rosalind Franklin
(d) A: transcription, B: replication, C: James Watson
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A: transcription, B: translation, C: Francis Crick

Explanation:
1. DNA to mRNA is transcription; mRNA to protein is translation; the central dogma was proposed by Francis Crick.

Teacher's Note:
1. DNA - RNA - protein.

Question 15: Which enzyme/s will be produced in a cell in which there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene?
(a) Lactose permease
(b) Transacetylase
(c) Lactose permease and transacetylase
(d)  -galactosidase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d)  -galactosidase

Explanation:
1. A nonsense mutation in lacY stops permease, but lacZ lies upstream and is still translated to beta-galactosidase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Z is before Y.

Question 16: Removal of RNA polymerase III from nucleoplasm will affect the synthesis of
(a) mRNA
(b) rRNA
(c) tRNA
(d) hnRNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) tRNA

Explanation:
1. RNA polymerase III makes tRNA, so its removal would affect tRNA synthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pol III: tRNA, 5S rRNA.

Question 17: Removal of introns and joining of exons in a defined order during transcription is called
(a) Slicing
(b) Splicing
(c) Looping
(d) Inducing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Splicing

Explanation:
1. Removal of introns and joining of exons is splicing.

Teacher's Note:
1. Done by spliceosome.

Question 18: Which one of the following is not a part of a transcription unit in DNA?
(a) A promoter
(b) The structural gene
(c) The inducer
(d) A terminator
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The inducer

Explanation:
1. A transcription unit has a promoter, structural gene and terminator; an inducer is not part of it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Inducer is a small molecule.

Question 19: If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence as ATCTG, what would be the complementary RNA strand sequence?
(a) AACTG
(b) ATCGU
(c) TTAGU
(d) UAGAC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) UAGAC

Explanation:
1. The complement of ATCTG written as RNA is UAGAC.

Teacher's Note:
1. A pairs with U in RNA.

Question 20: Read the following four statements (A-D)
(A) In transcription, adenosine pairs with uracil
(B) Regulation of lac operon by repressor is referred to as positive regulation
(C) The human genome has approximately 50,000 genes
(D) Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease How many of the above statements are right?
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) One
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Two

Explanation:
1. A is true (A pairs with U) and D is true. B is wrong (negative regulation), C is wrong (about 30,000 genes), so two are right.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carefully.

Question 21: PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism are the methods for
(a) DNA sequencing
(b) Genetic fingerprinting
(c) Study of enzymes
(d) Genetic transformation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Genetic fingerprinting

Explanation:
1. PCR and RFLP are used in genetic fingerprinting.

Teacher's Note:
1. DNA fingerprinting.

Question 22: What is it that forms the basis of DNA fingerprinting?
(a) Satellite DNA occurring as highly repeated short DNA segments
(b) The relative proportions of purines and pyrimidines in DNA
(c) The relative difference in the DNA occurrence in blood, skin and saliva
(d) The relative amount of DNA in the ridges and grooves of the fingerprints
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Satellite DNA occurring as highly repeated short DNA segments

Explanation:
1. DNA fingerprinting depends on highly repeated satellite (VNTR) DNA segments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Polymorphism of repeats.

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