NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 14

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: In tailing, adenylate residues are added at 3′ end
(a) With the help of gyanyl transferase
(b) In a template independent manner
(c) With the help of methyl transferase
(d) Of hn-RNA of E.coli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) In a template independent manner

Explanation:
1. The poly-A tail is added at the 3' end of hnRNA by poly-A polymerase without a template.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tailing is template independent.

Question 2: In t-RNA
(a) CCA – OH is present at 5-end
(b) TC loop for attaching the amino acid
(c) DHU loop for binding with AA - activating enzyme
(d) There are three recognition sites
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) DHU loop for binding with AA - activating enzyme

Explanation:
1. In tRNA the DHU loop binds the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, the amino acid is attached at the 3' CCA end, and the TψC loop binds the ribosome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Anticodon loop reads codon.

Question 3: When the genomes of two people are cut using the same restriction enzyme, the length and number of fragments obtained are different, this is called
(a) PCR
(b) RFLP
(c) EST
(d) Northern blotting
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RFLP

Explanation:
1. RFLP is the difference in length and number of fragments produced by the same restriction enzyme in different people.

Teacher's Note:
1. Used in DNA fingerprinting.

Question 4: Which of the following does not code for any proteins?
(a) Micro-satellites
(b) Exons
(c) Mini-satellites
(d) More than one option is correct.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) More than one option is correct.

Explanation:
1. Microsatellites and minisatellites are repetitive non-coding sequences, so more than one option is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Satellite DNA does not code for proteins.

Question 5: Which statement is correct for homeotic genes?
(a) Control is exerted through homeodomain proteins
(b) Mutation in these genes not results in conversion of one body part into another
(c) Such genes have been studied extensively in humans
(d) Control oncogenesis process
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Control is exerted through homeodomain proteins

Explanation:
1. Homeotic genes act through homeodomain proteins and their mutation transforms one body part into another.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hox genes.

Question 6: In which step of DNA profiling, nitrocellulose membrane is used?
(a) Denaturation
(b) Autoradiography
(c) Blotting
(d) DNA amplification
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Blotting

Explanation:
1. DNA fragments are transferred to a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane by blotting (Southern blotting).

Teacher's Note:
1. Then hybridisation with a probe.

Question 7: Repressor of lac-operon
(a) Is a tetrameric protein
(b) Having a molecular weight of 16,000
(c) Has only one side
(d) Is made by operator gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Is a tetrameric protein

Explanation:
1. The lac repressor is a tetrameric protein made by the i (regulator) gene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Operator is a binding site.

Question 8: Repetitive sequences are stretches of DNA with repeated bases many times in a genome, but
(a) These sequences are of no transcriptional function
(b) These are associated with euchromatin region
(c) These helps to identify a person on the basis of its DNA specificity
(a) All are correct
(b) Only (b) is incorrect
(c) Both (a) & (b) are correct
(d) Both (b) & (c) are incorrect
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Only (b) is incorrect

Explanation:
1. Repetitive sequences do not code for proteins, are mostly in heterochromatin (not euchromatin) and help identify individuals, so (b) is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Satellite DNA is heterochromatic.

Question 9: The microsatellites have simple sequences of repeated
(a) 11-60 bp
(b) 1-6 bp
(c) 10 bp
(d) 50 bp
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1-6 bp

Explanation:
1. Microsatellites are short repeats of 1-6 bp; minisatellites 11-60 bp.

Teacher's Note:
1. VNTR is minisatellite.

Question 10: In tryptophan operon
(a) Non-proteinaceous aporepressor is synthesised by R-gene
(b) Normally chorismic acid is not converted into tryptophan
(c) Repression is mostly connected with a catabolic pathway
(d) Enzymes produced by structural genes normally present in the cell
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Enzymes produced by structural genes normally present in the cell

Explanation:
1. In the trp operon the apo-repressor is a protein that binds tryptophan; the pathway is anabolic and the enzymes of the structural genes are normally present unless tryptophan accumulates.

Teacher's Note:
1. trp operon is repressible.

Question 11: All of the following are part of an operon except
(a) an operator
(b) structural genes
(c) a promoter
(d) an enhancer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) an enhancer

Explanation:
1. An operon comprises an operator, a promoter and structural genes; enhancers occur in eukaryotes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Operon is a prokaryotic concept.

Question 12: AGGTATCGCAT is a sequence from the coding strand of a gene. What will be the corresponding sequence of the transcribed mRNA?
(a) AGGUAUCGCAU
(b) UGGTUTCGCAT
(c) UCCAUAGCGUA
(d) ACCUAUGCGAU
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) AGGUAUCGCAU

Explanation:
1. The mRNA has the same sequence as the coding strand with U instead of T: AGGUAUCGCAU.

Teacher's Note:
1. Coding strand = mRNA.

Question 13: Select the correct match
(a) Ribozyme - Nucleic acid
(b) F2 × Recessive parent - Dihybrid cross
(c) G. Mendel - Transformation
(d) T.H. Morgan - Transduction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Ribozyme - Nucleic acid

Explanation:
1. A ribozyme is a catalytic RNA, i.e. a nucleic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Others are wrong pairings.

Question 14: Select the correct match
(a) Alec Jeffreys - Streptococcus pneumoniae
(b) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase - TMV
(c) Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod - Lac operon
(d) Matthew Meselson and F. Stahl - Pisum sativum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod - Lac operon

Explanation:
1. Jacob and Monod proposed the lac operon model.

Teacher's Note:
1. Meselson and Stahl: replication.

Question 15: The experimental proof for semiconservative replication of DNA was first shown in a
(a) Fungus
(b) Bacterium
(c) Virus
(d) Plant
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Bacterium

Explanation:
1. Meselson and Stahl first showed semiconservative replication in the bacterium E. coli.

Teacher's Note:
1. They used 15N.

Question 16: If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?
(a) 1
(b) 11
(c) 33
(d) 333
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 33

Explanation:
1. Deleting the base at position 901 shifts the reading frame from codon 301 onwards, changing 333 - 300 = 33 codons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Frame shift changes all later codons.

Question 17: The final proof for DNA as the genetic material came from the experiments of
(a) Griffith
(b) Hershey and Chase
(c) Avery, Mcleod and McCarty
(d) Hargobind Khorana
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hershey and Chase

Explanation:
1. Hershey and Chase experiments with bacteriophage gave final proof that DNA is the genetic material.

Teacher's Note:
1. They used 32P and 35S.

Question 18: The association of histone H1 with a nucleosome indicates
(a) Transcription is occurring
(b) DNA replication is occurring
(c) The DNA is condensed into a Chromatin Fibre
(d) The DNA double helix is exposed
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The DNA is condensed into a Chromatin Fibre

Explanation:
1. Histone H1 binds linker DNA and condenses nucleosomes into a chromatin fibre.

Teacher's Note:
1. H1 is the linker histone.

Question 19: Spliceosomes are not found in cells of
(a) Plants
(b) Fungi
(c) Animals
(d) Bacteria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Bacteria

Explanation:
1. Spliceosomes remove introns in eukaryotes; bacteria have no introns.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prokaryotes lack splicing.

Question 20: DNA replication in bacteria occurs
(a) During S-phase
(b) Within nucleolus
(c) Prior to fission
(d) Just before transcription
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Prior to fission

Explanation:
1. Bacterial DNA replicates before cell fission; there is no S phase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prokaryotes have no cell cycle phases.

Question 21: Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in animal cell?
(a) r-RNA
(b) t-RNA
(c) m-RNA
(d) mi-RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) r-RNA

Explanation:
1. rRNA constitutes about 80 percent of total RNA, the most abundant.

Teacher's Note:
1. mRNA is only about 3 percent.

Question 22: During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to enlongate
(a) The leading strand towards replication fork
(b) The lagging strand towards replication fork
(c) The leading strand away from replication fork
(d) The lagging strand away from the replication fork
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) The lagging strand away from the replication fork

Explanation:
1. Okazaki fragments extend the lagging strand away from the replication fork.

Teacher's Note:
1. Leading strand grows toward the fork.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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