NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs Set 17

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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Download Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs with Answers

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Telomere repetitive DNA sequence control the function of eukaryote chromosomes because they:
(a) Prevent chromosome loss
(b) Act as replicons
(c) Are RNA transcription initiator
(d) Help chromosome pairing
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Prevent chromosome loss

Explanation:
1. Telomeres protect chromosome ends and prevent loss of DNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Telomerase adds repeats.

Question 2: During transcription, RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds to a gene promoter and assumes a saddle -like structure. What is it's DNA-binding sequence?
(a) TATA
(b) TTAA
(c) AATT
(d) CACC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) TATA

Explanation:
1. RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds the TATA box in the promoter.

Teacher's Note:
1. TATA box is at -25.

Question 3: The two polynucleotide chains in DNA are
(a) Semiconservative
(b) Parallel
(c) Discontinuous
(d) Antiparallel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Antiparallel

Explanation:
1. The two polynucleotide chains of DNA are antiparallel.

Teacher's Note:
1. 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'.

Question 4: The length of DNA molecule greatly exceeds the dimensions of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. How is this DNA accommodated?
(a) Through elimination of repetitive DNA
(b) Deletion of non-essential genes.
(c) Super-coiling in nucleosomes
(d) DNAse digestion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Super-coiling in nucleosomes

Explanation:
1. The long DNA is accommodated by supercoiling and packaging in nucleosomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Histone octamers.

Question 5: One turn of the helix in a B-form DNA is approximately:
(a) 20 nm
(b) 0.34 nm
(c) 3.4 nm
(d) 2 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 3.4 nm

Explanation:
1. One turn of the B-DNA helix is about 3.4 nm (10 base pairs of 0.34 nm).

Teacher's Note:
1. Pitch 3.4 nm.

Question 6: Antiparallel strands of a DNA molecule means that:
(a) One strand turns anti-clockwise
(b) The phosphate groups of two DNA strands, at their ends, share the same position
(c) The phosphate groups at the start of two DNA strands are in opposite position (pole)
(d) One strand turns clockwise
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The phosphate groups at the start of two DNA strands are in opposite position (pole)

Explanation:
1. Antiparallel means the phosphate group at the start of one strand is at the opposite pole from the other.

Teacher's Note:
1. 5' end faces 3' end.

Question 7: Amino acid sequence, in protein synthesis is decided by the sequence of
(a) t-RNA
(b) m-RNA
(c) c-DNA
(d) r-RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) m-RNA

Explanation:
1. Amino acid sequence is decided by the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. mRNA carries code.

Question 8: One gene – one enzyme hypothesis was postulated by
(a) R. Franklin
(b) Hershey and Chase
(c) A. Garrod
(d) Beadle and Tatum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Beadle and Tatum

Explanation:
1. Beadle and Tatum postulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Garrod: inborn errors.

Question 9:
E. coli cells with a mutated Z gene of the lac operon cannot grow in medium containing only lactose as the source of energy because
(a) In the presence of glucose, E. coli cells do not utilize lactose
(b) They cannot transport lactose from the medium into the cell
(c) The lac operon is constitutively active in these cells
(d) They cannot synthesize functional â-galactosidase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) They cannot synthesize functional â-galactosidase

Explanation:
1. Mutated lacZ cells cannot make functional beta-galactosidase and so cannot hydrolyse lactose to use it as energy source.

Teacher's Note:
1. Z = beta-galactosidase.

Question 10: Nucleotide are building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotide is a composite molecule formed by :
(a) (Base-sugar-phosphate)n
(b) Base-sugar-OH
(c) Base-sugar-phosphate
(d) Sugar-phosphate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Base-sugar-phosphate

Explanation:
1. A nucleotide is base-sugar-phosphate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nucleoside lacks phosphate.

Question 11: Which one of the following makes use of RNA as a template to synthesize DNA?
(a) Reverse transcriptase
(b) DNA dependant RNA polymerase
(c) DNA polymerase
(d) RNA polymerase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Reverse transcriptase

Explanation:
1. Reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) makes DNA from RNA.

Teacher's Note:
1. Retroviruses.

Question 12: Uridine, present only in RNA is a
(a) Pyrimidine
(b) Nucleoside
(c) Nucleotide
(d) Purine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nucleoside

Explanation:
1. Uridine is a nucleoside (base uracil + ribose).

Teacher's Note:
1. Pyrimidine is the base.

Question 13: Which of the following is not a property of the genetic code?
(a) Universal
(b) Non-overlapping
(c) Ambiguous
(d) Degeneracy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ambiguous

Explanation:
1. The genetic code is non-ambiguous, universal, degenerate and non-overlapping, so ambiguity is not a property.

Teacher's Note:
1. Unambiguous.

Question 14: One of the most frequently used techniques in DNA fingerprinting is
(a) AFLP
(b) VNTR
(c) SSCP
(d) SCAR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) VNTR

Explanation:
1. VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) probes are widely used in DNA fingerprinting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Jeffreys.

Question 15: In an inducible operon, the genes are
(a) Always expressed
(b) Usually not expressed unless a signal turns them "on"
(c) Usually expressed unless a signal turns them "off"
(d) Never expressed
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Usually not expressed unless a signal turns them "on"

Explanation:
1. Inducible operons are normally off, and an inducer turns them on.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lac operon.

Question 16: A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with a radioactive molecule is called
(a) Plasmid
(b) Probe
(c) Vector
(d) Selectable marker
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Probe

Explanation:
1. A radioactive single-stranded nucleic acid used to detect complementary sequences is a probe.

Teacher's Note:
1. Used in hybridisation.

Question 17: The reaction, Amino acid + ATP  Aminoacyl-AMP + P–P depicts
(a) Amino acid assimilation
(b) Amino acid transformation
(c) Amino acid activation
(d) Amino acid translocation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Amino acid activation

Explanation:
1. Amino acid + ATP forming aminoacyl-AMP is amino acid activation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Needs aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

Question 18: The transcription of any gene is the indication of its
(a) Induction
(b) Activity
(c) Stimulation
(d) Hypersensitivity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Activity

Explanation:
1. A gene being transcribed shows that it is active.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transcription = expression.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance

NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Objective Test Questions

Review structured objective questions for NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these MCQ sets support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

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