NEET Biology Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs Set 08

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Microbes In Human Welfare

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which kingdoms of living organisms contain microorganisms?
(a) Plantae only
(b) Plantae and Animalia
(c) Fungi and Animalia
(d) Monera and Protista
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Monera and Protista

Explanation:
1. Microbes are found in Monera and Protista.
2. Some are also found in Fungi.

Teacher's Note:
1. Viruses, viroids and prions are not placed in any kingdom.
2. They are acellular.

Question 2: The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of
(a) methane
(b) ammonia
(c) O2 gas
(d) CO2 gas
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Answer: (d) CO2 gas

Explanation:
1. Fermentation by yeast releases CO2.
2. The gas makes the dough rise.

Teacher's Note:
1. Baker's yeast ferments the sugar in dough.
2. The dough rises.

Question 3: The dough used to make bread is fermented by
(a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(b) Aspergillus niger
(c) Lactobacillus
(d) Penicillium
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Answer: (a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Explanation:
1. Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ferments the dough.
2. It releases CO2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Baker's yeast is used in bakeries.
2. It is also used for making alcohol.

Question 4: Industrial production of microbial products on a large scale requires growing microbes in very large vessels called
(a) incubators
(b) fermentors
(c) autoclaves
(d) centrifuges
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Answer: (b) fermentors

Explanation:
1. Fermentors are large vessels, called bioreactors.
2. They allow microbes to grow in controlled conditions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fermentors are made of stainless steel.
2. They have an oxygen supply and a temperature control.

Question 5: Which of the following alcoholic drinks are produced without distillation of the fermented broth?
(a) Whisky and brandy
(b) Brandy and rum
(c) Wine and beer
(d) Rum and whisky
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Answer: (c) Wine and beer

Explanation:
1. Wine and beer are produced without distillation.
2. Whisky, brandy and rum are produced by distillation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Distillation gives stronger drinks.
2. Wine and beer have lower alcohol content.

Question 6: The first antibiotic to be discovered was
(a) penicillin
(b) streptomycin
(c) chloramphenicol
(d) tetracycline
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Answer: (a) penicillin

Explanation:
1. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from Penicillium notatum.
2. It was the first antibiotic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ernest Chain and Howard Florey developed it for use.
2. The three got the Nobel Prize.

Question 7: Match: 1. Acetobacter aceti, 2. Clostridium butylicum, 3. Lactobacillus, 4. Trichoderma polysporum with a. Cyclosporin A, b. Lactic acid, c. Butyric acid, d. Acetic acid.
(a) 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
(c) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
(d) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Explanation:
1. Acetobacter makes acetic acid, Clostridium makes butyric acid, Lactobacillus makes lactic acid.
2. Trichoderma polysporum makes cyclosporin A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive agent.
2. It is used in organ transplants.

Question 8: Which enzymes are used in detergent formulations and help remove oily stains from laundry?
(a) Lipases
(b) Pectinases
(c) Streptokinase
(d) Amylases only
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Answer: (a) Lipases

Explanation:
1. Lipases break down lipids.
2. They remove oily stains.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lipases are added to detergents.
2. They work well in hot and cold wash.

Question 9: Streptokinase, produced by Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering, is used as a ___ for removing ___ from blood vessels.
(a) vaccine; viruses
(b) clot buster; cholesterol
(c) antibiotic; bacteria
(d) clot buster; clots
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) clot buster; clots

Explanation:
1. Streptokinase dissolves blood clots.
2. It is used in patients with myocardial infarction.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a clot buster.
2. It converts plasminogen to plasmin.

Question 10: The physical removal of large and small particles from sewage by filtration and sedimentation is done in
(a) anaerobic digestion
(b) secondary treatment
(c) tertiary treatment
(d) primary treatment
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) primary treatment

Explanation:
1. Primary treatment involves sequential filtration and sedimentation.
2. The sediment is primary sludge.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a physical process.
2. Secondary treatment is biological.

Question 11: Flocs in the biological treatment of sewage are
(a) masses of algae only
(b) particles of sand
(c) masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments forming a mesh-like structure
(d) crystals of salt
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments forming a mesh-like structure

Explanation:
1. Bacteria and fungal filaments form flocs.
2. They consume organic matter.

Teacher's Note:
1. Flocs settle as activated sludge.
2. Aeration is required.

Question 12: In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases called biogas. Which is NOT a component?
(a) Methane
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Oxygen
(d) Hydrogen sulphide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Oxygen

Explanation:
1. Biogas contains methane, hydrogen sulphide and CO2.
2. Oxygen is not produced in anaerobic digestion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Methane is the main gas.
2. It is used as fuel.

Question 13: The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of
(a) ICMR and CSIR
(b) AIIMS and IIT
(c) DRDO and ISRO
(d) IARI and KVIC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) IARI and KVIC

Explanation:
1. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi and Village Industries Commission developed it.
2. Gobar gas is the common biogas.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biogas is produced from cattle dung.
2. The bacteria are methanogens.

Question 14: Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods and are used as
(a) antibiotics
(b) biological control agents
(c) bio-pesticides only for plants
(d) biofertilisers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) biological control agents

Explanation:
1. Baculoviruses attack insects and arthropods.
2. They are used as biocontrol agents.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biocontrol reduces use of chemicals.
2. Baculoviruses are species specific.

Question 15: In paddy fields, which microorganisms serve as important biofertilisers?
(a) Lactobacillus
(b) Penicillium
(c) Cyanobacteria
(d) Yeast
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cyanobacteria

Explanation:
1. Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria fix nitrogen in paddy fields.
2. They are cyanobacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanobacteria add organic matter.
2. They increase soil fertility.

Question 16: Which microorganisms are used as biocontrol agents against butterfly caterpillars?
(a) Lactobacillus
(b) Trichoderma
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis
(d) Rhizobium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Bacillus thuringiensis

Explanation:
1. Bt is used as spores in sachets.
2. They are mixed in water and sprayed on brassicas and fruit trees.

Teacher's Note:
1. Caterpillars die after eating Bt.
2. The toxin kills the larvae.

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Microbes In Human Welfare Objective Questions & Solutions for NEET Biology

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