NEET Biology Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs Set 07

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Microbes In Human Welfare

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Nutritionally curd is more suitable than milk. Which reason does NOT support this view?
(a) It increases vitamin B12
(b) It checks disease causing microbes
(c) LAB convert lactose into lactic acid
(d) It provides additional proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) It provides additional proteins

Explanation:
1. LAB increase vitamin B12, check disease-causing microbes in the stomach and convert lactose to lactic acid.
2. Curd does not add extra proteins to milk.

Teacher's Note:
1. Curd formation needs LAB such as Lactobacillus.

Question 2: The large holes in Swiss cheese are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by:
(a) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
(b) Propionibacterium sharmanii
(c) Thermococcus proteus
(d) Staphylococcus thermophilus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Propionibacterium sharmanii

Explanation:
1. Propionibacterium sharmanii releases a large amount of CO2.
2. The gas forms the large holes in Swiss cheese.

Teacher's Note:
1. Roquefort cheese is ripened by a fungus.

Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a product of distillation?
(a) Whisky
(b) Brandy
(c) Wine
(d) Rum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Wine

Explanation:
1. Wine and beer are produced without distillation.
2. Whisky, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of fermented broth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fermentation uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 4: Find the odd one out with reference to distillation.
(a) Beer
(b) Wine
(c) Both beer and wine
(d) Vodka
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Vodka

Explanation:
1. Beer and wine are not distilled.
2. Vodka is a distilled drink, so it is the odd one out.

Teacher's Note:
1. Distilled drinks have higher alcohol content.

Question 5: Which of the following bacteria was associated with the discovery of penicillin?
(a) Streptococcus
(b) Staphylococcus
(c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(d) Propionibacterium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Staphylococcus

Explanation:
1. Fleming observed a mould (Penicillium notatum) killing Staphylococci on a plate.
2. Staphylococcus is the bacterium associated with this discovery.

Teacher's Note:
1. Saccharomyces is yeast, not a bacterium.

Question 6: The full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic was established by:
(a) Alexander Fleming
(b) Ernest Chain
(c) Howard Florey
(d) Both Ernest Chain and Howard Florey
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both Ernest Chain and Howard Florey

Explanation:
1. Chain and Florey established penicillin as an effective antibiotic.
2. Fleming discovered it and all three shared the Nobel Prize.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was widely used in World War II.

Question 7: Which of the following is known as a clot buster?
(a) Citric acid
(b) Streptokinase
(c) Cyclosporin A
(d) Statins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Streptokinase

Explanation:
1. Streptokinase from Streptococcus removes clots from blood vessels.
2. It is used in patients with myocardial infarction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Statins lower blood cholesterol.

Question 8: Which chemical is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation?
(a) Streptokinase
(b) Cyclosporin A
(c) Statins
(d) Citric acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cyclosporin A

Explanation:
1. Cyclosporin A from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum suppresses the immune response.
2. It prevents rejection of transplanted organs.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a bioactive molecule.

Question 9: Match the following. A. Pectinases B. Streptokinase C. Cyclosporin A D. Statin with i. Blood cholesterol lowering ii. Immunosuppressive iii. Clot buster iv. Clarifying agent
(a) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(b) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
(c) A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
(d) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i

Explanation:
1. Pectinases clarify fruit juices and streptokinase busts clots.
2. Cyclosporin A suppresses immunity and statins lower cholesterol.

Teacher's Note:
1. These are industrial bioactive products.

Question 10: Match the following. A. Citric acid B. Streptokinase C. Cyclosporin A D. Statins with i. Haemolytic streptococcus ii. Aspergillus niger iii. Monascus purpureus iv. Trichoderma polysporum
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(b) A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
(c) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
(d) A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii

Explanation:
1. Citric acid is produced by Aspergillus niger and streptokinase by haemolytic Streptococcus.
2. Cyclosporin A comes from Trichoderma polysporum and statins from Monascus purpureus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Statins come from yeast Monascus.

Question 11: The functioning of statins is based on:
(a) Competitive inhibition
(b) End-product inhibition
(c) Allosteric inhibition
(d) Negative feedback inhibition
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Competitive inhibition

Explanation:
1. Statins resemble the substrate of the enzyme for cholesterol synthesis.
2. They competitively inhibit that enzyme and lower blood cholesterol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Competitive inhibitors resemble the substrate.

Question 12: The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of:
(a) IARI
(b) KVIC
(c) IPM
(d) Both IARI and KVIC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both IARI and KVIC

Explanation:
1. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) developed biogas technology.
2. So both are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biogas is mainly methane.

Question 13: Bacillus thuringiensis shows its inhibitory effect on which part of the insect body?
(a) Gut
(b) Respiratory tract
(c) Nervous system
(d) Circulatory system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Gut

Explanation:
1. Bt toxin is activated in the alkaline gut of the insect.
2. It creates pores in the gut epithelium and kills the insect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt is used as a biocontrol agent.

Question 14: Which biological agents are used for species-specific, narrow-spectrum insecticidal applications?
(a) Adenoviruses
(b) Nucleopolyhedrovirus
(c) Retroviruses
(d) Trichoderma
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Explanation:
1. Baculoviruses such as Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) are species specific and narrow spectrum.
2. Trichoderma is a fungal biocontrol agent for plant diseases.

Teacher's Note:
1. NPV attacks insects and arthropods.

Question 15: Which is an advantage of using viruses as bioinsecticides?
(a) They are less effective
(b) They are host specific
(c) They are costly
(d) They cannot be obtained easily
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) They are host specific

Explanation:
1. Baculoviruses have no negative impact on plants, mammals, birds, fish or non-target insects.
2. Being host specific is the advantage.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is helpful in conserving beneficial insects.

Question 16: In which condition is the use of baculoviruses desirable?
(a) When used as part of IPM
(b) When an ecologically sensitive area is being treated
(c) When beneficial insects are being conserved
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Baculoviruses are very species specific.
2. They suit IPM, ecologically sensitive areas and conservation of beneficial insects, so all are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. IPM is integrated pest management.

Question 17: The use of biofertilisers is a part of:
(a) Inorganic farming
(b) Organic farming
(c) Energy cropping
(d) Energy plantation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Organic farming

Explanation:
1. Biofertilisers like bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria are living organisms.
2. They are part of organic farming.

Teacher's Note:
1. They reduce use of chemical fertilisers.

Question 18: Members of which fungal genus mainly participate in mycorrhiza formation?
(a) Azotobacter
(b) Fusarium
(c) Rhizopus
(d) Glomus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Glomus

Explanation:
1. Many members of genus Glomus form mycorrhiza.
2. Azotobacter is a bacterium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mycorrhiza is a fungus-root symbiosis.

Question 19: Which is NOT an advantage of mycorrhiza?
(a) Phosphorus absorption
(b) Resistance to root-borne pathogens
(c) Nitrogen fixation
(d) Tolerance to salinity and drought
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Nitrogen fixation

Explanation:
1. The fungal partner absorbs phosphorus, gives resistance to pathogens and salinity and drought tolerance.
2. Nitrogen fixation is done by bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plants in turn give carbohydrates to the fungus.

Question 20: Cultivation of which crop especially benefits from application of cyanobacteria?
(a) Maize
(b) Legumes
(c) Wheat
(d) Rice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Rice

Explanation:
1. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena, Nostoc fix nitrogen in paddy fields.
2. They are important biofertilisers for rice.

Teacher's Note:
1. Legumes use Rhizobium.

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Microbes In Human Welfare Objective Questions & Solutions for NEET Biology

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