NEET Biology Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs Set 09

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Microbes In Human Welfare

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Microscopic organisms are found in which two kingdoms among the following?
(a) Plantae and Animalia
(b) Monera and Protista
(c) Fungi and Animalia only
(d) Plantae and Monera
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Monera and Protista

Explanation:
1. Bacteria belong to Monera and protozoa and unicellular algae to Protista; fungi and viruses are also microbes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Microbes are present everywhere.

Question 2: The microbes that grow in milk and convert it into curd are
(a) lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
(b) yeast
(c) Rhizobium
(d) Penicillium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

Explanation:
1. LAB produce acids that coagulate and partially digest milk proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. LAB also improve the nutritional quality of curd by increasing vitamin B12.

Question 3: The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to production of
(a) oxygen gas
(b) methane
(c) hydrogen
(d) carbon dioxide gas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) carbon dioxide gas

Explanation:
1. Yeast ferments the sugars in dough and releases CO2, which makes it rise.

Teacher's Note:
1. The yeast is baker's yeast.

Question 4: The dough used for making bread is fermented by
(a) Lactobacillus
(b) Aspergillus niger
(c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(d) Penicillium notatum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Explanation:
1. Baker's yeast ferments the dough, which swells because of CO2 bubbles.

Teacher's Note:
1. Brewer's yeast is the same species.

Question 5: A traditional drink of southern India made by fermenting the sap of palms is
(a) whisky
(b) toddy
(c) brandy
(d) rum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) toddy

Explanation:
1. Toddy is made by natural fermentation of palm sap.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is not distilled.

Question 6: Match: (1) Propionibacterium sharmanii, (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (3) Aspergillus niger, (4) Penicillium notatum with (a) penicillin, (b) citric acid, (c) ethanol, (d) Swiss cheese. The correct pairing is
(a) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
(c) 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
(d) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Explanation:
1. Propionibacterium makes the large holes in Swiss cheese by producing CO2; yeast gives ethanol; Aspergillus niger gives citric acid; Penicillium notatum gives penicillin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn each microbe with its product.

Question 7: Large vessels in which microbes are grown on an industrial scale are called
(a) incubators
(b) autoclaves
(c) digesters
(d) fermentors (bioreactors)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) fermentors (bioreactors)

Explanation:
1. Fermentors provide controlled temperature, pH and oxygen for large-scale production.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sterilisation is important.

Question 8: Which of the following alcoholic drinks are produced without distillation of the fermented broth?
(a) Whisky and brandy
(b) Rum and whisky
(c) Wine and beer
(d) Brandy and rum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Wine and beer

Explanation:
1. Wine and beer are produced by fermentation alone; whisky, brandy and rum are obtained by distillation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fermentation of malted cereals gives beer.

Question 9: The first antibiotic discovered was
(a) streptomycin
(b) penicillin
(c) tetracycline
(d) erythromycin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) penicillin

Explanation:
1. Alexander Fleming discovered it from Penicillium notatum; Chain and Florey established its effect later.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fleming, Chain and Florey got the Nobel prize in 1945.

Question 10: Match: (1) Acetobacter aceti, (2) Clostridium butylicum, (3) Lactobacillus, (4) Trichoderma polysporum with (a) cyclosporin A, (b) lactic acid, (c) butyric acid, (d) acetic acid. The correct pairing is
(a) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
(c) 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a
(d) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

Explanation:
1. Acetobacter gives acetic acid (vinegar), Clostridium gives butyric acid, Lactobacillus gives lactic acid and Trichoderma gives cyclosporin A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant.

Question 11: Which group of enzymes is used in detergents to remove oily stains from laundry?
(a) Proteases
(b) Amylases
(c) Pectinases
(d) Lipases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Lipases

Explanation:
1. Lipases break down fats (oils) and help in removing stains.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bottled juices are clarified using pectinases and proteases.

Question 12: The blood cholesterol lowering agent statin is produced by the yeast
(a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(b) Aspergillus niger
(c) Monascus purpureus
(d) Trichoderma polysporum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Monascus purpureus

Explanation:
1. Statins inhibit the enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is used by cardiac patients.

Question 13: The bacterial product streptokinase, modified by genetic engineering, is used as a ______ for removing ______ from blood vessels.
(a) antibiotic; bacteria
(b) clot buster; clots
(c) immunosuppressant; antibodies
(d) detergent; fats
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) clot buster; clots

Explanation:
1. Streptokinase, produced by Streptococcus, dissolves blood clots in patients with myocardial infarction.

Teacher's Note:
1. It acts like a clot buster.

Question 14: Physical removal of large and small particles from sewage through filtration and sedimentation is called
(a) primary treatment
(b) secondary treatment
(c) biological treatment
(d) tertiary treatment
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) primary treatment

Explanation:
1. Primary sludge settles at the bottom and the effluent goes for secondary treatment.

Teacher's Note:
1. Grit and floating debris are removed first.

Question 15: Flocs formed in the biological treatment of sewage are
(a) clusters of protozoa only
(b) oil droplets
(c) clots of heavy metals
(d) masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments forming mesh-like structures
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments forming mesh-like structures

Explanation:
1. Bacteria grow rapidly as flocs while consuming organic matter, reducing BOD.

Teacher's Note:
1. Flocs are allowed to sediment as activated sludge.

Question 16: The amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidised by bacteria is called
(a) COD only
(b) DO
(c) BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)
(d) TOC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)

Explanation:
1. BOD measures the organic pollution of water.

Teacher's Note:
1. The greater the BOD, the more polluted the water.

Question 17: Which of the following statements about BOD is correct?
(a) The lower the BOD, the more polluting it is
(b) The higher the BOD of waste water, the greater is its polluting potential
(c) BOD is the oxygen produced by plants
(d) BOD is independent of organic matter
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) The higher the BOD of waste water, the greater is its polluting potential

Explanation:
1. High BOD means a lot of organic matter which will consume much oxygen when decomposed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Treatment is carried out until BOD falls.

Question 18: The sediment containing bacterial flocs in the secondary treatment of sewage is called
(a) activated sludge
(b) primary sludge
(c) biogas
(d) effluent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) activated sludge

Explanation:
1. A small part is pumped back into the aeration tank as inoculum, and the rest goes to anaerobic sludge digesters.

Teacher's Note:
1. In the digesters bacteria produce biogas.

Question 19: Biogas produced in anaerobic sludge digesters mainly contains
(a) oxygen and nitrogen only
(b) ammonia and chlorine
(c) methane only
(d) methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide

Explanation:
1. Methanogens such as Methanobacterium produce methane that can be used as fuel.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biogas is called gobar gas when produced from cattle dung.

Question 20: Two action plans started by the Ministry of Environment and Forests to save major rivers from pollution are
(a) Narmada and Godavari Plans
(b) Ganga and Brahmaputra Plans
(c) Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan
(d) Green India and Clean India Plans
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan

Explanation:
1. These plans aim at sewage treatment and cleaning of the rivers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Public participation is also needed.

Question 21: The technology of biogas production in India was developed mainly due to the efforts of
(a) ICAR and CSIR
(b) IARI and KVIC
(c) ISRO and DRDO
(d) AIIMS and NCERT
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) IARI and KVIC

Explanation:
1. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi and Village Industries Commission developed the technology.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cattle dung is the common raw material.

Question 22: Pathogens which attack insects and other arthropods and are used as biological control agents belong mostly to the group
(a) baculoviruses (genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus)
(b) Rhizobium
(c) retroviruses
(d) Trichoderma
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) baculoviruses (genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus)

Explanation:
1. Most baculoviruses used as biocontrol agents belong to Nucleopolyhedrovirus; they are species-specific and narrow spectrum.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are safe for plants, mammals and birds.

Question 23: The main sources of biofertilisers are
(a) only bacteria
(b) only fungi
(c) earthworms and insects
(d) bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria

Explanation:
1. Rhizobium, Azospirillum, mycorrhiza and cyanobacteria such as Anabaena add nutrients to soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. They reduce dependence on chemical fertilisers.

Question 24: Which microorganism serves as an important biofertiliser in paddy fields?
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Saccharomyces
(c) Cyanobacteria
(d) Penicillium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cyanobacteria

Explanation:
1. Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria fix nitrogen and add organic matter to the soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rhizobium is symbiotic with legumes.

Question 25: Which of the following is a bio-control agent of plant diseases?
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Trichoderma
(c) Spirulina
(d) Clostridium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Trichoderma

Explanation:
1. Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that control several plant pathogens.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bacillus thuringiensis controls caterpillars.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Microbes In Human Welfare

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