NEET Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Set 11

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Human Health and Disease

Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Human Health and Disease. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Download Human Health and Disease MCQs with Answers

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity?
(a) Interferons
(b) Phagocytes
(c) Skin
(d) Antibodies
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Antibodies

Explanation:
1. Innate immunity includes physical barriers (skin), physiological barriers, cellular barriers (phagocytes) and cytokine barriers (interferons).
2. Antibodies are made in acquired immunity after exposure to an antigen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Innate immunity is non-specific and present from birth.

Question 2: Which of the following cells is NOT included in the cellular barriers of innate immunity?
(a) Neutrophils
(b) Helper T cells
(c) NK cells
(d) Macrophages
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Helper T cells

Explanation:
1. The cellular barrier consists of PMNL-neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages.
2. Helper T cells belong to acquired (adaptive) immunity.

Teacher's Note:
1. They act against specific antigens.

Question 3: Which of the following groups is NOT of infectious diseases?
(a) Cancer, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis
(b) Dysentery, plague, diphtheria
(c) Polio, pneumonia, tetanus
(d) Smallpox, ringworm, common cold
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cancer, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis

Explanation:
1. Cancer, allergy and rheumatoid arthritis are non-infectious diseases, as no pathogen spreads them.
2. The other groups are all caused by pathogens.

Teacher's Note:
1. Infectious diseases can pass from one person to another.

Question 4: Who disproved the 'good humour' hypothesis of health?
(a) Hippocrates
(b) Bowditch
(c) William Harvey
(d) Metchnikoff
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) William Harvey

Explanation:
1. William Harvey showed blood circulation by experiment, and later the thermometer showed normal body temperature in persons with black bile.
2. These findings disproved the humour theory.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hippocrates had proposed it.

Question 5: For a long time, health was considered a state of body and mind with a balance of certain humours. This was asserted by Hippocrates and Indian Ayurveda, and was also liked by the:
(a) British
(b) Australians
(c) Greeks
(d) Americans
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Greeks

Explanation:
1. Greeks, such as Hippocrates, believed that health meant a balance of the four humours.
2. The Ayurvedic system of India said something similar.

Teacher's Note:
1. Modern health is defined more broadly.

Question 6: Our health is affected by: (a) genetic disorders (b) infections (c) lifestyle
(a) a only
(b) b and c
(c) a and b
(d) a, b and c
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. Health is affected by genetic disorders, by infections and by lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise and habits.
2. All three apply.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why prevention involves more than avoiding germs.

Question 7: Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons that protect non-infected cells from viral infection. They are a part of:
(a) Physical barriers
(b) Physiological barriers
(c) Cellular barriers
(d) Cytokine barriers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cytokine barriers

Explanation:
1. Interferons are cytokines.
2. Cytokine barriers are one of the four kinds of barrier in innate immunity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Interferons make neighbouring cells resistant to viruses.

Question 8: Which pair is incorrectly matched with its type of barrier in innate immunity?
(a) Saliva in mouth and tears in eyes - physiological barrier
(b) Skin, HCl in stomach and mucus coating - physical barrier
(c) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes - cellular barrier
(d) NK cell - cellular barrier
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Skin, HCl in stomach and mucus coating - physical barrier

Explanation:
1. HCl in the stomach is a physiological barrier, whereas the skin and mucus coating are physical barriers.
2. So listing HCl as a physical barrier is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other three pairs are correct.

Question 9: Fever forms a ______ barrier of innate immunity.
(a) Physical
(b) Physiological
(c) Cellular
(d) Cytokine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Physiological

Explanation:
1. Fever, body temperature, acid in the stomach, saliva and tears are physiological barriers.
2. They prevent the growth of microbes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Physical barriers stop entry of microbes.

Question 10: In ______ disorder, phenylalanine accumulates and is converted into phenylpyruvic acid and other derivatives, which cause mental retardation and are excreted in urine.
(a) Alkaptonuria
(b) Phenylketonuria
(c) Sickle-cell anaemia
(d) Albinism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Phenylketonuria

Explanation:
1. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
2. Phenylalanine accumulates and damages the brain.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Question 11: The features (a) trisomy of 21, (b) simian palmar crease, (c) partially open mouth, (d) retarded psychomotor development are related to:
(a) Patau's syndrome
(b) Turner's syndrome
(c) Down's syndrome
(d) Edward's syndrome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Down's syndrome

Explanation:
1. These are the typical features of Down's syndrome, which is trisomy of chromosome 21.

Teacher's Note:
1. Turner's syndrome is XO, and Patau's and Edward's syndromes are trisomies of chromosomes 13 and 18.

Question 12: Which statement about the bone marrow is incorrect? (a) It is a primary lymphoid organ (b) It is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells excluding lymphocytes are produced (c) It provides the microenvironment for the development of T cells (d) It produces B cells
(a) Only (b)
(b) Only (c)
(c) Both (b) and (c)
(d) All the statements are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
1. The bone marrow produces all blood cells, including lymphocytes, so (b) is incorrect.
2. T cells mature in the thymus, so (c) is also incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. B cells are produced and mature in the bone marrow.

Question 13: In kidney transplantation, the problem of rejection has largely been overcome by using the drug:
(a) Flagyl
(b) Cyclosporin-A
(c) Amphetamines
(d) Pep pills
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cyclosporin-A

Explanation:
1. Cyclosporin-A is an immunosuppressant that reduces the response of T cells to the graft.
2. It helps to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Amphetamines and pep pills are stimulants.

Question 14: The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens is called:
(a) Primary immune response
(b) Secondary immune response
(c) Immune suppression response
(d) Allergy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Allergy

Explanation:
1. Allergy is an exaggerated immune response to allergens such as dust and pollen.
2. IgE and mast cells release histamine and serotonin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Antihistamines and steroids reduce the symptoms.

Question 15: Which of the following is NOT an example of trisomy?
(a) Down's syndrome
(b) Klinefelter's syndrome
(c) Supermale (Jacob) syndrome
(d) Turner's syndrome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Turner's syndrome

Explanation:
1. Turner's syndrome (44 + XO) is a monosomy.
2. Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), Klinefelter's (XXY) and Jacob's (XYY) syndromes have one extra chromosome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count the chromosome number to decide.

Question 16: The hepatitis-B vaccine is produced from:
(a) Bacteria
(b) Recombinant RNA technology
(c) Fungus (yeast)
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Fungus (yeast)

Explanation:
1. The hepatitis-B vaccine is made by recombinant DNA technology, using yeast to produce the viral surface antigen.
2. Of the given options only fungus is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a safe vaccine, as no infectious virus is involved.

Question 17: Haemophilus influenzae bacteria are responsible for:
(a) Influenza
(b) Pneumonia
(c) Dengue
(d) Filariasis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pneumonia

Explanation:
1. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae cause bacterial pneumonia.
2. Influenza is caused by a virus and dengue by a virus, and filariasis by a worm.

Teacher's Note:
1. The name of the bacterium is misleading.

Question 18: Salmonella typhi causes typhoid. The pathogen causes lesions and ulceration in the:
(a) Stomach wall
(b) Intestinal wall
(c) Gall bladder
(d) Blood vessels
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Intestinal wall

Explanation:
1. S.
2. typhi enters the small intestine through contaminated food and water and then reaches the blood and organs.
3. It damages the intestinal wall.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Widal test is used for diagnosis.

Question 19: Mark the incorrect match.
(a) Colostrum - yellowish fluid, IgA present
(b) Antivenom - passive immunisation
(c) Peyer's patches - primary lymphoid organ of the small intestine
(d) Antibody - H2L2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Peyer's patches - primary lymphoid organ of the small intestine

Explanation:
1. Peyer's patches are secondary lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the small intestine, not a primary lymphoid organ.

Teacher's Note:
1. Colostrum contains IgA, antivenom gives passive immunity, and an antibody has two heavy and two light chains (H2L2).

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Human Health and Disease

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