NEET Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Set 12

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out by two special types of ______ present in our blood.
(a) Macrophages
(b) Lymphocytes
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Monocytes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lymphocytes

Explanation:
1. B and T lymphocytes are responsible for acquired immunity, with its memory.
2. The first exposure gives the primary response and later exposures give the stronger secondary response.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phagocytes belong to innate immunity.

Question 2: Match the diseases with their causative agents: a Pneumonia, b Common cold, c Filariasis, d Ringworm; p Rhino viruses, q Haemophilus influenzae, r Microsporum, s Wuchereria bancrofti.
(a) a-p, b-q, c-r, d-s
(b) a-r, b-p, c-s, d-q
(c) a-q, b-p, c-s, d-r
(d) a-p, b-q, c-s, d-r
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a-q, b-p, c-s, d-r

Explanation:
1. Pneumonia is caused by H.
2. influenzae, common cold by rhinoviruses, filariasis by Wuchereria bancrofti and ringworm by Microsporum.

Teacher's Note:
1. So the pairs are a-q, b-p, c-s and d-r.

Question 3: (a) Nasal congestion and discharge (b) sore throat, hoarseness and cough (c) headache and tiredness are characteristic of:
(a) Malaria
(b) Typhoid
(c) Common cold
(d) Pneumonia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Common cold

Explanation:
1. These are the symptoms of the common cold, caused by rhinoviruses.
2. The infection affects the nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. It usually lasts 3 to 7 days.

Question 4: Cannabinoid receptors are present principally in the:
(a) Heart
(b) Liver
(c) Brain
(d) GIT
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Brain

Explanation:
1. Cannabinoids interact with receptors found principally in the brain.
2. They affect the cardiovascular system of the body.

Teacher's Note:
1. Marijuana is obtained from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.

Question 5: Which biological response modifier activates the immune system and helps in destroying the tumour?
(a) Alpha-interferons
(b) Taxol
(c) Cytoleukins
(d) Vincristine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Alpha-interferons

Explanation:
1. Alpha-interferon is a biological response modifier that activates the immune system.
2. Taxol and vincristine are anticancer drugs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Immunotherapy uses such modifiers.

Question 6: Burkitt's lymphoma is caused by:
(a) EBV
(b) HPV
(c) HIV
(d) Pox virus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) EBV

Explanation:
1. Burkitt's lymphoma is linked to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
2. HPV causes cervical cancer, and HIV causes AIDS.

Teacher's Note:
1. Some viruses are oncogenic.

Question 7: Many fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for:
(a) Filariasis
(b) Ascariasis
(c) Ringworm
(d) Amoebiasis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ringworm

Explanation:
1. These fungi cause ringworm, which shows dry, scaly lesions on skin, nails and scalp.
2. Heat and moisture help them grow.

Teacher's Note:
1. Filariasis and ascariasis are caused by worms.

Question 8: The infectious form of Plasmodium for humans is:
(a) Sporozoite
(b) Mosquito
(c) Haemozoin
(d) Schizont
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Sporozoite

Explanation:
1. Sporozoites are injected by the female Anopheles mosquito into the human blood.
2. They go to the liver and then to red blood cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Haemozoin is a toxin released when RBCs burst.

Question 9: Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a bacterium?
(a) Pneumonia
(b) Common cold
(c) Plague
(d) Diphtheria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Common cold

Explanation:
1. Pneumonia, plague and diphtheria are bacterial, whereas the common cold is caused by rhinoviruses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember the pathogen class of each common disease.

Question 10: The Widal test is done for:
(a) Diphtheria
(b) Dengue fever
(c) Typhoid
(d) Malaria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Typhoid

Explanation:
1. The Widal test detects antibodies against Salmonella typhi in the patient's blood.
2. It is used to confirm typhoid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dengue and malaria use different tests.

Question 11: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, which form of the parasite is infective to the mosquito?
(a) Sporozoite
(b) Gamete
(c) Gametocyte
(d) Schizont
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Gametocyte

Explanation:
1. Gametocytes taken in with the blood meal are the stage that infects the mosquito.
2. They form gametes and fertilise in the gut.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sporozoites are infective to humans.

Question 12: Select the incorrect match of disease and causative agent.
(a) Common cold - rhinovirus
(b) Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
(c) Pneumonia - Haemophilus influenzae
(d) Plague - Xenopsylla
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Plague - Xenopsylla

Explanation:
1. Xenopsylla is the rat flea, which is the vector, and not the causative agent of plague.
2. The pathogen of plague is Yersinia pestis.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other three pairs are correct.

Question 13: Choose the odd one out with respect to viral diseases.
(a) Pneumonia
(b) Influenza
(c) Dengue
(d) Smallpox
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pneumonia

Explanation:
1. Influenza, dengue and smallpox are viral, whereas pneumonia is mainly bacterial (also by Haemophilus).

Teacher's Note:
1. Check the type of pathogen for each disease.

Question 14: Mark the incorrect statement.
(a) T cells do not secrete antibodies but help B cells to produce them
(b) Wuchereria is transmitted to healthy persons through the bite of a female Culex
(c) Haemozoin is a toxic substance associated with malaria
(d) After entering the body, HIV releases ssDNA into macrophages, where the viral DNA genome replicates using reverse transcriptase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) After entering the body, HIV releases ssDNA into macrophages, where the viral DNA genome replicates using reverse transcriptase

Explanation:
1. The HIV genome is single-stranded RNA, not DNA.
2. Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from this RNA inside the macrophage.

Teacher's Note:
1. All the other statements are correct.

Question 15: Health was for a long time considered a state of body and mind with a balance of certain:
(a) Chemicals
(b) Ions
(c) Humours
(d) Hormones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Humours

Explanation:
1. The old humour theory (Greek and Ayurvedic) said health means a balance of body humours.
2. Disease was then thought to be due to an imbalance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Modern science does not accept this.

Question 16: It was thought that a person with ______ belonged to a hot personality and would have fevers.
(a) High temperature
(b) Bile
(c) Black bile
(d) Yellow bile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Black bile

Explanation:
1. According to the old humour theory people with black bile were hot in personality and prone to fever.
2. Later the thermometer showed normal temperature in such persons.

Teacher's Note:
1. This disproved the idea.

Question 17: The discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey using the experimental method, and the demonstration of normal body temperature in persons with black bile using a ______, disproved the 'good humour' hypothesis.
(a) Thermoregulator
(b) Thermograph
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Thermometer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Thermometer

Explanation:
1. The thermometer showed that persons supposed to have fever from black bile had normal temperatures.

Teacher's Note:
1. Together with Harvey's discovery of circulation this disproved the humour theory.

Question 18: Which statement is correct? (A) Health is affected by genetic disorders, lifestyle and infections. (B) A balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise are very important to maintain good health. (C) Health is only the absence of disease or physical fitness. (D) The 'good humour' hypothesis was disproved by William Harvey.
(a) A, C
(b) A, C, D
(c) A, B, D
(d) All are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A, B, D

Explanation:
1. Statements A, B and D are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Statement C is wrong, since health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just freedom from disease.

Question 19: Health is a state of complete ___(A)___, ___(B)___ and ___(C)___ well-being.
(a) Physiological, mental, social
(b) Mental, physical, economical
(c) Physical, mental, social
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Physical, mental, social

Explanation:
1. WHO defines health as complete physical, mental and social well-being.
2. It is more than freedom from disease.

Teacher's Note:
1. Economic status is not part of the definition.

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