NEET Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Set 06

Answer: (b) humors

Explanation:
1. They believed that health depends on a balance of body humors.
2. This is the Good Humor hypothesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. The idea was given by Hippocrates and Ayurveda.
2. It was later discarded.

Answer: (d) genetic disorders, infections and life style

Explanation:
1. Genetic disorders, infections and life style all affect health.
2. So health is not just absence of disease.

Teacher's Note:
1. Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being.
2. Several factors affect it.

Answer: (d) Increased infant mortality

Explanation:
1. Good health increases productivity, longevity and survival of mothers and infants.
2. It decreases infant mortality.

Teacher's Note:
1. Health benefits the whole society.
2. Infant mortality falls with better health care.

Answer: (c) infectious diseases

Explanation:
1. Infectious diseases spread from person to person.
2. Non-infectious diseases do not spread.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cancer is a non-infectious disease.
2. Typhoid is infectious.

Answer: (a) cancer

Explanation:
1. Cancer is the major cause of death among non-infectious diseases.
2. It is uncontrolled cell growth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Non-infectious diseases are not transmitted.
2. Cancer is a leading cause of death.

Answer: (d) pathogens

Explanation:
1. Pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and helminths that cause disease.
2. A vector carries them.

Teacher's Note:
1. A carrier harbours the pathogen.
2. A vector transfers it.

Answer: (a) morphological and functional damage to cells

Explanation:
1. The pathogen disturbs the cell's activity.
2. This leads to damage of cells and tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pathogens produce toxins.
2. They damage the host.

Answer: (d) adapt to life within the environment of the host

Explanation:
1. Pathogens must adapt to the conditions inside the host.
2. Otherwise they cannot survive.

Teacher's Note:
1. Adaptation includes surviving the immune response.
2. A pathogen needs a host.

Answer: (d) typhoid

Explanation:
1. These are the typical symptoms of typhoid.
2. It is caused by Salmonella typhi.

Teacher's Note:
1. Intestinal perforation can occur.
2. The Widal test confirms it.

Answer: (c) intestinal perforation

Explanation:
1. The intestine can get perforated in severe cases.
2. Death may result from this.

Teacher's Note:
1. Typhoid affects the intestine.
2. Prompt treatment is important.

Answer: (d) Widal test

Explanation:
1. The Widal test detects antibodies to Salmonella typhi.
2. It confirms typhoid.

Teacher's Note:
1. ELISA is used in AIDS.
2. Widal is used in typhoid.

Answer: (c) Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Explanation:
1. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae cause pneumonia.
2. They infect the lungs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pneumonia affects the alveoli.
2. Transmission is by droplets.

Answer: (d) alveoli of the lungs

Explanation:
1. The alveoli get filled with fluid.
2. This leads to breathing problems.

Teacher's Note:
1. Severe cases turn the nails bluish.
2. This is due to less oxygen.

Answer: (c) pneumonia

Explanation:
1. These are symptoms of pneumonia.
2. Alveoli are filled with fluid.

Teacher's Note:
1. The blue colour is due to lack of oxygen.
2. It is a serious sign.

Answer: (a) protozoal

Explanation:
1. Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium.
2. It is transmitted by mosquitoes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plasmodium is a protozoan.
2. Remember it is not bacterial.

Answer: (b) Plasmodium falciparum

Explanation:
1. Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant malaria.
2. It can be fatal.

Teacher's Note:
1. P. vivax causes benign tertian malaria.
2. Falciparum is the most dangerous.

Answer: (c) female Anopheles mosquito

Explanation:
1. Only the female Anopheles feeds on blood.
2. It transmits Plasmodium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aedes spreads dengue and chikungunya.
2. Anopheles spreads malaria.

Answer: (a) haemozoin

Explanation:
1. When RBCs rupture, haemozoin is released.
2. It is responsible for the cycle of chill and fever.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fever repeats every 3 to 4 days.
2. It is related to rupture of red blood cells.

Answer: (a) salivary glands

Explanation:
1. Sporozoites are stored in the salivary glands.
2. They enter the human during the bite.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gametes fuse in the mosquito's gut.
2. Sporozoites then move to the salivary glands.

Answer: (d) gametocyte

Explanation:
1. Gametocytes develop in red blood cells.
2. They are taken in by the mosquito.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fertilisation takes place in the mosquito.
2. Sporozoites form there.

Answer: (c) Ascaris

Explanation:
1. Ascaris lives in the intestine.
2. The eggs pass in faeces.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ascaris causes ascariasis.
2. Infection is through contaminated food and water.

Answer: (c) elephantiasis (filariasis)

Explanation:
1. Wuchereria bancrofti and W. malayi cause filariasis.
2. The limbs swell abnormally.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transmission is by the female Culex mosquito.
2. It damages the lymphatic vessels.

Answer: (c) Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton

Explanation:
1. These three fungal genera cause ringworm.
2. It is one of the most common fungal diseases.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heat and moisture help growth.
2. Skin folds are common sites.