NEET Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Set 05

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Health is affected by genetic disorders, infections and lifestyle.
2. So all are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Good health needs a balanced diet, hygiene and regular exercise.
2. All three are required.

Teacher's Note:
1. Yoga also helps maintain health.

Answer: (d) a, b, c and d

Explanation:
1. All four measures are required for good public health.
2. They prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vaccination is also important.

Answer: (d) Physiological barriers - epithelial lining

Explanation:
1. Epithelial linings of tracts are part of physical barriers.
2. Physiological barriers are acid in stomach, saliva and tears.

Teacher's Note:
1. Innate immunity has four types of barriers.

Answer: (c) Low intensity

Explanation:
1. The secondary (anamnestic) response is of high intensity.
2. It is booster-like and occurs after subsequent contact with the same antigen, so low intensity is the odd one.

Teacher's Note:
1. Memory cells give the quicker and stronger response.

Answer: (a) Antibody

Explanation:
1. An antibody has two heavy chains and two light chains (H2L2).
2. Antigens are not made of H and L chains.

Teacher's Note:
1. Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins.

Answer: (a) Cell-mediated

Explanation:
1. Graft rejection is caused by the cell-mediated immune response (T-cells).
2. That is why tissue matching and immunosuppressants are used.

Teacher's Note:
1. The body can differentiate self from non-self.

Answer: (a) Blood

Explanation:
1. Antibodies are proteins in the blood plasma (humoral immunity).
2. Pathogens and antigens are not sources of antibodies.

Teacher's Note:
1. B-lymphocytes produce antibodies.

Answer: (d) Artificial passive acquired immunity

Explanation:
1. ATS contains preformed antibodies injected into the body.
2. Readymade antibodies given from outside give artificial passive acquired immunity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vaccines give active immunity.

Answer: (d) Both mere touch and physical contact

Explanation:
1. HIV spreads through body fluids like blood and semen, not by touch or ordinary physical contact.
2. So (d) is correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sharing needles and unprotected sex are major routes.

Answer: (b) 5-10 years

Explanation:
1. The period from HIV infection to AIDS is usually 5-10 years.
2. The antibodies appear within 2-12 weeks, which is the window period.

Teacher's Note:
1. The time may vary from person to person.

Answer: (a) Macrophage

Explanation:
1. HIV enters macrophages and makes copies of RNA by reverse transcription.
2. Macrophages continue to produce virus particles, acting as a HIV factory.

Teacher's Note:
1. T helper cells are depleted in AIDS.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. The weak immune system lets Mycobacterium, Toxoplasma, viruses and fungi infect.
2. All of them are opportunistic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Death occurs due to these infections.

Answer: (c) AIDS (HIV infection)

Explanation:
1. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) is the preliminary test for HIV infection.
2. It detects antibodies or antigens of HIV in blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. Western blot is the confirmatory test.

Answer: (a) AIDS

Explanation:
1. The slogan was used in AIDS awareness campaigns.
2. The disease spreads largely due to ignorance.

Teacher's Note:
1. NACO and WHO run AIDS awareness programmes.

Answer: (c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Explanation:
1. MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiation to detect pathological and physiological changes.
2. Radiography and CT use X-rays, which are ionising.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biopsy is invasive.

Answer: (d) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. Cancers are treated by surgery, radiation and chemotherapy together.
2. So all three are used in combination.

Teacher's Note:
1. Immunotherapy using interferons is also used.

Answer: (d) a, b, c and d

Explanation:
1. Biopsy and histopathology are used for solid tumours.
2. Blood and bone marrow tests are used for leukaemia, so all four are right.

Teacher's Note:
1. Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens are also used.

Answer: (d) a, b, c and d

Explanation:
1. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionising radiations like UV cause DNA damage.
2. All four therefore are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chemical carcinogens in tobacco smoke are also physical-chemical inducers.

Answer: (a) Alpha

Explanation:
1. Alpha-interferon is the biological response modifier used in cancer immunotherapy.
2. It activates the immune system to destroy tumours.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biological response modifiers are used in immunotherapy.

Answer: (b) Flowering plants, fungi

Explanation:
1. Most of these drugs come from flowering plants like poppy, hemp and coca.
2. Some are from fungi, for example LSD from Claviceps.

Teacher's Note:
1. Atropa belladonna and Datura are also sources of hallucinogens.

Answer: (b) Heroin

Explanation:
1. Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine, commonly called smack.
2. It is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound derived from morphine of poppy latex.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heroin is a depressant that slows body functions.

Answer: (c) 12-18 years

Explanation:
1. Adolescence is the period between 12 and 18 years of age.
2. It is a bridge between childhood and adulthood.

Teacher's Note:
1. Adolescence is also a vulnerable period for drug abuse.

Answer: (d) All are related

Explanation:
1. Smoking is linked with all of these, including gastric ulcer and bladder cancer.
2. So no disorder in the list is unrelated.

Teacher's Note:
1. Smoking increases CO in blood, reducing oxygen delivery.

Answer: (d) a, b, c and d

Explanation:
1. Withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, shakiness, nausea and sweating.
2. So all four are right.

Teacher's Note:
1. Withdrawal can be severe and even life threatening.

Answer: (d) a, b, c, d, e

Explanation:
1. All five measures are recommended in NCERT.
2. Together they help prevent and control abuse.

Teacher's Note:
1. Child-parent communication is important.

Answer: (d) a, b and c

Explanation:
1. Ringworm is caused by fungi of genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton.
2. So all three are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ringworms show dry scaly lesions on skin, nails and scalp.

Answer: (c) Typhoid

Explanation:
1. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid.
2. Widal test confirms it and Typhoid Mary was a carrier.

Teacher's Note:
1. Typhoid spreads by contaminated food and water.