NEET Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs Set 08

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine are indicative of
(a) Diabetes mellitus
(b) Diabetes insipidus
(c) Renal calculi
(d) Glomerulonephritis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Diabetes mellitus

Explanation:
1. . In diabetes, the excretion of glucose is due to imbalance in glucose metabolism due to absence or deficiency of insulin. . Due to deficiency of glucose inside the cells, cells hydrolyse fats and proteins, leading to formation of ketone bodies.

Question 2: Haematuria is the disorder involving
(a) The loss of blood through the urine
(b) Loss of haemoglobin in RBC
(c) Loss of glucose in urine
(d) The increase in concentration of blood urea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The loss of blood through the urine

Explanation:
1. The loss of blood in the urine – Haematouria.

Question 3: A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of
(a) Renin
(b) Atrial Natriuretic Factor
(c) Aldosterone
(d) ADH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Explanation:
1. A decrease in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH while increase in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) which cause vasodilation and also inhibits RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System) mechanism that decreases the blood volume/ pressure.

Question 4: The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is
(a) Distal convoluted tubule
(b) Proximal convoluted tubule
(c) Bowman's capsule
(d) Descending limb of Henle's loop
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. Proximal convoluted tubule is involved in active reabsorption of sodium.

Question 5: The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80 percent) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule
(b) Descending limb of loop of Henle
(c) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. PCT has brush border epithelium.

Question 6: A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates
(a) Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
(b) Juxtra glomerular cells to release renin
(c) Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
(d) Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Juxtra glomerular cells to release renin

Explanation:
1. A fall in the GFR stimulates the JG cells to release renin which results in the conversion of inactive angiotensinogen to angiotensin-II which is a vasoconstrictor.

Question 7: Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?
(a) Loops of Henle
(b) Peritubular capillaries
(c) Convoluted tubules
(d) Collecting ducts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Convoluted tubules

Explanation:
1. Convoluted tubules : Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT) are present in cortex while rest are in medulla which comprises renal pyramids.

Question 8: Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
(a) Afferent arteriole: carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.
(b) Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.
(c) Henle's loop: most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
(d) Distal convoluted tubule: reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.

Explanation:
1. Slit-pores are present in the podocytes (present on the visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule of Nephron).

Question 9: Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in
(a) Insects and Amphibians
(b) Reptiles and Birds
(c) Birds and Annelids
(d) Amphibians and Reptiles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Reptiles and Birds

Explanation:
1. Uricotelic : Reptiles, insects, birds.
2. Ammonotelic : Aquatic insects, amphibians (larva). 40 Excretory Products and their Elimination.

Question 10: Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?
(a) During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
(b) When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed
(c) Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
(d) An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of Angiotensin II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

Explanation:
1. . During summer when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is increased. . Exposure of cold temperature decreases the release of ADH. . Decrease in glomerular blood flow stimulates the formation of angiotensin-II.

Question 11: Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?
(a) Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes
(b) Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water
(c) Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3
(d) Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Explanation:
1. Nearly 99% of glomerulus filtrate is reabsorbed by renal tubules as kidney filters 180 L/day of blood while excretes only 1–1.5 L of urine daily.

Question 12: The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised
(a) In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys
(b) In kidneys, but eliminated mostly through liver
(c) In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
(d) In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

Explanation:
1. Nitrogenous waste produced in liver through urea cycle but eliminated in kidneys.

Question 13: In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?
(a) Humans – Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
(b) Earthworm – Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
(c) Cockroach – Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
(d) Frog – Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Earthworm – Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia

Explanation:
1. This option, Earthworm – Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 14: What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed ?
(a) Micturition will continue
(b) Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
(c) There will be no micturition
(d) Urine will not collect in the bladder
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) There will be no micturition

Explanation:
1. No micturition will occur.
2. As stretch receptor signals cortex to empty the bladder when half filled.

Question 15: Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by
(a) Macula densa cells
(b) Endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
(c) Liver cells
(d) Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Liver cells

Explanation:
1. Angiotesinogen is secreted by liver cells i.e., hepatocytes.

Question 16: The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
(a) 20 mm Hg
(b) 75 mm Hg
(c) 30 mm Hg
(d) 50 mm Hg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 20 mm Hg

Explanation:
1. This option, 20 mm Hg, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 17: A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of:
(a) Fats
(b) Ketones
(c) Amino acids
(d) Glucose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ketones

Explanation:
1. Ketones are the breakdown of proteins like aceto-acetic acid during fasting.
2. During fasting the energy source deflects in the cytoplasm, so proteins and fats are broken down leading to formation of ketone bodies.

Question 18: Uricotelism is found in
(a) Mammals and birds
(b) Fishes and fresh water protozoans
(c) Birds, reptiles and insects
(d) Frogs and toads
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Birds, reptiles and insects

Explanation:
1. Uricotelic - Birds, reptiles and insects.
2. Ureotelic - Mammals, frogs and toads.
3. Ammonotelic - Fresh water protozoans and fishes.

Question 19: A terrestrial animal must be able to
(a) Excrete large amount of water in urine
(b) Conserve water
(c) Actively pump salts out through the skin
(d) Excrete large amounts of salts in urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Conserve water

Explanation:
1. Conservation of water is the evolutionary trait of terrestrial animals. 42 Excretory Products and their Elimination.

Question 20: Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of
(a) Frog
(b) Man
(c) Earthworm
(d) Cockroach
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cockroach

Explanation:
1. Uricotelic : Cockroach Ammonotelic : Frog Ureotelic : Man, earthworm (in unfavourable condition uricotelic).

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