NEET Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs Set 07

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Hormone responsible for the absorption of water in DCT is
(a) ADH
(b) ACTH
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Insulin
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Answer: (a) ADH

Explanation:
1. ADH(antidiuretic hormone) is secreted by neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus which is released from posterior pituitary.

Question 2: Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of
(a) Na+ ions
(b) K+ ions
(c) Glucose
(d) Ca2+ ions
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Answer: (a) Na+ ions

Explanation:
1. Aldosterone is the hormone secreted by adrenal cortex and is helpful in the absorption of Na+ from renal tubules, thereby increasing the Na+ ion concentration in the blood.

Question 3: Micturition is
(a) Removal of faecal matter
(b) Removal of NH3
(c) Removal of urea
(d) Removal of urine
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Answer: (d) Removal of urine

Explanation:
1. Micturition : Voiding of urine form the urinary bladder.
2. Defaecation / Egestion : Removal of faecal matter Deamination : Removal of NH3.

Question 4: The excretory structure of Amphioxus (Cephalochordate) is
(a) Flame cell/Solenocyte
(b) Coxal gland
(c) Malpighian tubules
(d) Green gland
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Answer: (a) Flame cell/Solenocyte

Explanation:
1. . Flame cells/Solenocytes – Amphioxus (Cephalochordates) . Coxal gland – Crustaceans . Malpighian tubules – Insects . Green gland – Crustaceans.

Question 5: Which of the following is excretory product of liver?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Bilirubin
(c) Biliverdin
(d) More than one option is correct
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Answer: (d) More than one option is correct

Explanation:
1. Bilirubin and biliverdin are the excretory product of the liver formed by the destruction of Haemoglobin which are secreted in the bile.

Question 6: As compared to plasma, all are the constituents of dialysis fluid, except
(a) NaCl
(b) Glucose
(c) Amino acid
(d) Urea
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Answer: (d) Urea

Explanation:
1. Urea is absent in the dialysing fluid because urea needs to be excreted out of the blood while other constituents are present in the dialysing fluid viz the solutes and electrolytes.

Question 7: The condition of accumulation of urea in blood is termed as
(a) Uremia
(b) Diuresis
(c) Glycosuria
(d) Haematuria
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Answer: (a) Uremia

Explanation:
1. Uremia : Condition of accumulation of urea in the blood.
2. Diuresis : Increased excretion of urine.
3. Glycosuria : Excretion of glucose in the urine.
4. Haematuria : Presence of blood in the urine.

Question 8: The parts of nephron situated in cortical region of kidney are
(a) Loop of Henle, PCT and collecting duct
(b) Collecting duct, PCT and malpighian corpuscle
(c) PCT, DCT and Loop of Henle
(d) PCT, DCT and Malpighian corpuscle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) PCT, DCT and Malpighian corpuscle

Explanation:
1. Cortex : PCT, DCT, malpighian body.
2. Medulla : Loop of Henle.

Question 9: On an average, ______ ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute which constitute roughly ______ of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute.
(a) 500–600, 1/5th
(b) 1100–1200, 1/3rd
(c) 500–600, 1/3rd
(d) 1100–1200, 1/5th
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1100–1200, 1/5th

Explanation:
1. 1100–1200 ml of blood/min; 1/5th of the blood pumped out by each ventricle.

Question 10: Which of the following pairs is wrong?
(a) Uricotelic – Birds
(b) Ureotelic – Insects
(c) Ammonotelic – Bony fishes
(d) Ureotelic – Elephant
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ureotelic – Insects

Explanation:
1. Insects are uricotelic.

Question 11: Consider the following water conservation mechanisms<br />A. Nasal countercurrent mechanism B. Dependence on metabolic water<br />C. Highly hypertonic urine D. Living more on protein rich diet The kangaroo rat living in desert can survive without drinking water because of
(a) A, B & C
(b) A, B & D
(c) B, C & D
(d) A, C & D
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Answer: (a) A, B & C

Explanation:
1. Nasal counter current mechanism, utilisation of metabolic water and passing out of hypertonic urine are adaptation of conservation of water in kangaroo rat.

Question 12: The kidneys not only remove the waste products from the blood but also play a very important role in maintaining
(a) Equilibrium of the body
(b) Temperature of the body
(c) Constant composition of the blood irrespective of the nature of the food or fluid intake
(d) Blood pressure constant
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Constant composition of the blood irrespective of the nature of the food or fluid intake

Explanation:
1. Kidneys also maintain the osmolarity by excretion of excess salts or uptake of salts from filtrate.

Question 13: Which of the following is correct?
(a) Afferent arteriole is narrower than the efferent arteriole
(b) Efferent venule is narrower than vein
(c) Efferent arteriole is narrower than afferent arteriole
(d) Both afferent and efferent arteriole are of same diameter
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Efferent arteriole is narrower than afferent arteriole

Explanation:
1. Efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole to add to the glomerular filtration pressure for ultrafiltration. (Urine Formation, Functions of the Tubules and Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate).

Question 14: Which of the following defines the net filtration pressure (NFP)?
(a) BCOP – (GHP + CHP)
(b) GHP – (BCOP + CHP)
(c) (BCOP + GHP) – CHP
(d) (GHP – CHP) + BCOP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) GHP – (BCOP + CHP)

Explanation:
1. NFP = GHP – (BCOP + CHP) Glomerular Capsular Hydrostatic Filtration Pressure Pressure Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure Blood Colloidal Osmotic Pressure.

Question 15: Henle’s loops are found in those animals which excrete hypertonic urine. One of the following does not have Henle’s loop
(a) Birds
(b) Mammals
(c) Frogs
(d) Reptiles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Frogs

Explanation:
1. Frogs are aquatic and have mesonephric kidney and they excrete out dilute urine.
2. Loop of Henle is absent.

Question 16: Concentration of sodium and chloride ions is lowest
(a) Near the cortex
(b) Deep in medulla
(c) In the interstitial fluid
(d) In the middle of Henle’s loop
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Near the cortex

Explanation:
1. Near the cortex osmolarity of the region is 200–300 mOsmL–1 which increases down the medulla upto 1200 mOsmL–1.
2. Hence, Na+ and Cl– ion concentration is lowest in the cortical region. 36 Excretory Products and their Elimination.

Question 17: Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) ADH is a vasoconstrictor
(b) Aldosterone facilitates water reabsorption
(c) ANF enhances sodium reabsorption
(d) ANF causes vasodilation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ANF enhances sodium reabsorption

Explanation:
1. ANF (antinatriuretic factor) secreted by heart which facilitates Na+/salt excretion in opposition to the increase in blood pressure/GFR.

Question 18: Which one influences the activity of kidney?
(a) Vasopressin
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Vasopressin and aldosterone
(d) Gonadotrophin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vasopressin and aldosterone

Explanation:
1. Vasopressin and aldosterone influence the activity of kidney.

Question 19: Angiotensin - II increases the blood volume by
(a) Signalling PCT to reabsorb more NaCl and water
(b) Stimulating adrenal gland to release aldosterone
(c) By stimulating the release of ADH
(d) More than one option is correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) More than one option is correct

Explanation:
1. Angiotensin II stimulates : (i) Adrenal gland → Aldosterone → Uptake of Na+ from DCT and collecting duct. (ii) Signalling PCT to absorb more water.

Question 20: Vitamin excreted by urine in higher vertebrates is
(a) A
(b) D
(c) K
(d) C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C

Explanation:
1. Vitamin C being water soluble excreted out in urine; vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble and stored in liver.

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