NEET Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs Set 06

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Malpighian body or renal corpuscle is
(a) Glomerulus along with collecting duct
(b) Glomerulus along with DCT
(c) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule
(d) Glomerulus along with Loop of Henle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Glomerulus along with Bowman’s capsule

Explanation:
1. Malpighian body or Renal corpuscle = Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule 28 Excretory Products and their Elimination.

Question 2: Least toxic nitrogenous waste among the following is
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Ammonia
(d) More than one option is correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Uric acid

Explanation:
1. Ammonia > Urea > Uric acid.

Question 3: The part through which arteries and veins enter or leave the kidney is called
(a) Hilus
(b) Renal papilla
(c) Major calyces
(d) Minor calyces
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hilus

Explanation:
1. A depression where arteries and veins enter and leave body organ is known as hilum.
2. Hilum Renal artery.

Question 4: Podocytes occur in
(a) Glomerular capillaries
(b) Neck region of nephron
(c) Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule
(d) Outer wall of Bowman’s capsule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule

Explanation:
1. Prodocytes (Inner wall of Bowman’s capsule) Squamous epithelium.

Question 5: Loop of Henle is found in
(a) Green gland
(b) Malpighian tubule
(c) Neuron
(d) Nephron
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Nephron

Explanation:
1. Loop of Henle is found in nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds and mammals.

Question 6: Nitrogenous metabolic wastes in our body are the products of
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Lipids
(d) Vitamins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Proteins

Explanation:
1. Nitrogenous wastes are the products of protein metabolism.

Question 7: Human beings are
(a) Uricotelic
(b) Ureotelic
(c) Ammonotelic
(d) Both (2) & (3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ureotelic

Explanation:
1. Ureotelic – Human beings Uricotelic – Insects, birds Ammonotelic – Tadpole.

Question 8: Kidneys are reddish brown, bean-shaped structures situated between the levels of ______ thoracic and ______ lumbar vertebrae.
(a) 11th; 1st
(b) 12th; 3rd
(c) 10th; 2nd
(d) 12th; 5th
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 12th; 3rd

Explanation:
1. Kidneys are located between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra and is covered by peritoneum only on the front i.e. fused with the body wall.
2. This arrangement is known as retroperitoneal arrangement.

Question 9: On an average, how much urea is excreted out per day by an adult human?
(a) 25–30 g
(b) 15–20 g
(c) 35–40 g
(d) 40–45 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 25–30 g

Explanation:
1. 25–30 g of urea is excreted in urine per day.
2. While normal blood urea level is 18–38 mg/100 ml.

Question 10: An adult human excretes, on an average ______ litres of urine per day.
(a) 1 to 1.5
(b) 2 to 2.5
(c) 2.5 to 3
(d) 3 to 3.5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1 to 1.5

Explanation:
1. Urine : . 1–1.5 L/day on an average . pH = 6.0 . Yellow coloured, watery . 25–30 g of urea is excreted out / day.

Question 11: Which is the first step of urine formation?
(a) Ultrafiltration
(b) Tubular secretion
(c) Selective secretion
(d) Tubular reabsorption
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Ultrafiltration

Explanation:
1. Ultrafiltration is the first step of the urine formation.
2. The blood is filtered inside the glomerular capsule.
3. Filtrate = Blood – [Formed elements + Proteins] Filtrate = Plasma – Blood protein.

Question 12: What is the osmolarity of the filtrate at the hairpin bend of loop of Henle?
(a) 300 mOsmL–1
(b) 1200 mOsmL–1
(c) 600 mOsmL–1
(d) 800 mOsmL–1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1200 mOsmL–1

Explanation:
1. Osmolarity of the filtrate at the hair pin bend of loop of Henle – 1200 mOsmL–1.

Question 13: Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and 70–80% of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed in the
(a) PCT
(b) Henle’s loop
(c) DCT
(d) Collecting duct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PCT

Explanation:
1. PCT : This is known as obligatory reabsorption.

Question 14: Which of the following component of blood does not enter into the nephron?
(a) Water
(b) Glucose
(c) Urea
(d) Plasma proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Plasma proteins

Explanation:
1. Plasma proteins are not filtered out during ultrafiltration in the glomerular capsule.
2. Filtrate = Plasma – Plasma proteins.

Question 15: The main function of loop of Henle is
(a) Blood filtration
(b) Urine formation
(c) Water conservation
(d) Both (1) & (2)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Water conservation

Explanation:
1. Loop of Henle, serves as the main function of conservation of water by countercurrent mechanism.

Question 16: Maximum water reabsorption occurs in
(a) DCT
(b) PCT
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Descending limb of loop of Henle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) PCT

Explanation:
1. 70–80% of electrolytes, all of the nutrients and most of the water are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
2. This is obligatory reabsorption.

Question 17: Vasa recta is
(a) L-shaped
(b) U-shaped
(c) S-shaped
(d) V-shaped
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) U-shaped

Explanation:
1. Vasa recta is U-shaped in which blood flows in opposite direction to the flow of the filtrate in the loop of Henle.

Question 18: Glucose and amino acids in the filtrate are reabsorbed by tubular epithelial cells through
(a) Active transport
(b) Passive transport
(c) Both (1) & (2)
(d) Osmosis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Active transport

Explanation:
1. Glucose and amino acids in the filtrate are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule via active transport.

Question 19: The cause of glomerular filtration is
(a) Osmosis
(b) GHP
(c) Hemodialysis
(d) Acidic pH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) GHP

Explanation:
1. Glomerular filtration pressure (GFP) which is 100 mmHg GFP = GHP – (BCOP + CHP) = 60 – (30 + 20) = 10 mmHg.

Question 20: Which one is the vasoconstrictor?
(a) ANF
(b) Renin
(c) Angiotensin-II
(d) Histamine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Angiotensin-II

Explanation:
1. Vasoconstrictors : Angiotensin II Vasodilators : ANF, histamine Renin is also known as angiotensinogenase which catalyses the conversion of inactive angiotensinogen to angiotensin-II ultimately. 32 Excretory Products and their Elimination.

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