NEET Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs Set 09

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: If an osmoconformer animal is placed in sea water then
(a) It will develop ionocytes to actively absorb the salts from outside
(b) It will develop a thick body cover to prevent entry of excess of water
(c) It will start passing diluted urine
(d) It will change osmolarity of its body fluid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) It will change osmolarity of its body fluid

Explanation:
1. Osmoconformers change the osmolarity of their body fluid while osmoregulators do not change their osmolarity.

Question 2: Contractile vacuole to pump out excess of water is found in
(a) Fresh water protozoans
(b) Marine protozoans
(c) Parasitic protozoans
(d) Lower chordates
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Fresh water protozoans

Explanation:
1. Fresh water protozoans contain contractile vacuoles to pump out excess water.

Question 3: In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by
(a) Kreb’s cycle
(b) EM pathway
(c) Ornithine cycle
(d) Cori’s cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ornithine cycle

Explanation:
1. Ornithine cycle/urea cycle . Kreb Henseleit cycle : Elimination of urea. . EM pathway/Kreb's cycle : Degradation of PA or metabolism of glucose to produce ATP. . Cori's cycle : Between liver and muscle involving storage of glycogen.

Question 4: Arginase enzyme will be operating at which step of the ornithine cycle?
(a) Ornithine → Urea
(b) Arginine → Ornithine
(c) Ornithine → Citrulline
(d) Citrulline → Arginosuccinate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Arginine → Ornithine

Explanation:
1. This option, Arginine → Ornithine, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 5: Uric acid is produced by metabolism of
(a) Adenine
(b) Guanine
(c) Cytosine
(d) Both (1) & (2)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both (1) & (2)

Explanation:
1. Uric acid is produced by metabolism of purines.

Question 6: Match the following<br />Column I Column II<br />a. PCT (i) Functions in Na+ & K+ haemostasis<br />b. Descending loop of Henle (ii) Permeable to NaCl but impermeable to water<br />c. Ascending loop of Henle (iii) Permeable to water but not to salt<br />d. DCT (iv) Reabsorbing about 90% of the important buffer HCO3– from filtrate
(a) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
(b) a(i), b(iii), c(ii), d(iv)
(c) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
(d) a(ii), b(iii), c(i), d(iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)

Explanation:
1. This option, a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i), is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 7: Brush border surface is the distinct feature of which of the following part of nephron?
(a) PCT
(b) Ascending limb of loop of Henle
(c) DCT
(d) Collecting duct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PCT

Explanation:
1. . Bowman's capsule → Simple squamous epithelium . Proximal convoluted tubule → Brush bordered simple cuboidal epithelium . Descending limbs of loop of henle → Squamous epitheilum . Ascending limb of loop of henle → Simple cuboidal epithelium . Distal convoluted tubule → Simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 8: Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) Descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to urea
(b) DCT functions in K+, Na+ homeostasis
(c) Descending limb is impermeable to water
(d) Loop of Henle is largely responsible for concentrating urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Descending limb is impermeable to water

Explanation:
1. Descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.

Question 9: Hypertonicity of filtrate is minimum at
(a) Base of loop of henle
(b) Inner most part of medulla
(c) Outer part of medulla
(d) Cortical region
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Cortical region

Explanation:
1. Hypertonicity is minimum at the cortex region (30 mOsmL–1) while osmolarity/hypertoxicity is maximum at the deep medulla region (1200 mOsmL–1).

Question 10: Which of the following changes can occur in response to increased Angiotensin-II level?
(a) Increase in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
(b) Inhibition of aldosterone
(c) Decrease in the GFR
(d) Decrease in BCOP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Increase in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

Explanation:
1. Increase in GFR occurs in response to Angiotensinogen-II by : (i) Uptake of more Na+ inside (ii) Rendering release of aldosterone.

Question 11: Which of the following is not a feature of cortical nephrons?
(a) These are more common, approximately 85% of nephrons
(b) Their glomeruli are in outer cortex
(c) Their loop of Henle extend to a short distance into the medulla
(d) They are associated with vasa recta
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) They are associated with vasa recta

Explanation:
1. Vasa recta is absent in corticol nephron.

Question 12: A condition of failure-of kidney to form urine is called
(a) Anuria
(b) Deamination
(c) Entropy
(d) Uraemia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Anuria

Explanation:
1. Anuria : Absence of urination.
2. Deamination : Removal of ammonia Entropy : A term releated to the state of matter.
3. Uraemia : Condition of presence of urea in blood.

Question 13: A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have
(a) Less amino acids in his urine
(b) More glucose in his blood
(c) Less urea in his urine
(d) More sodium in his urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Less urea in his urine

Explanation:
1. Less urea in the urine is due to absence of the protein rich diet which on digestion results in arrival of amino acids to hepatocytes and consequently urea synthesis.

Question 14: Body fluids of sharks and coelocanths can be termed as
(a) Hyperosmotic and hypoionic to sea water
(b) Hyperosmotic and hyperionic to sea water
(c) Hyposmotic and hypotonic to sea water
(d) Hyposmotic and hyperionic to sea water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hyperosmotic and hypoionic to sea water

Explanation:
1. Hypertonic by hypoionic to sea water due to conservation or storage of osmolytes and loss of salts.

Question 15: Assertion (A): Pregnant women may show some presence of glucose in their post prandial urine although they have no diabetes.
Reason (R): In pregnant women the glomerular filtration rate is slightly increased. As a result the tubular load of glucose exceeds the tubular maximum for glucose reabsorption.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. In post prandial urine glucose is more in pregnant woman as GFR increases and tubular load exceeds the absorption limit.
2. In order to increase the glucose availability to the foetus, the glucose concentration of plasma glucose level is high.

Question 16: Assertion (A): Kidneys are retroperitoneal in position.
Reason (R): Kidneys are covered with peritoneum only on ventral surface.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Kidneys are fused to the dorsal wall, so peritoneum covers only the ventral side.
2. This is called retroperitoneal arrangement of kidney.

Question 17: Assertion (A): In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypotonic.
Reason (R): Descending limb is impermeable to Na+, while ascending limb is impermeable to H2O.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Desending loop of Henle is permeable to water, so hypertonic filtrate is there while ascending loop of Henle is more permeable to salt and thus hypotonic filtrate is there.

Question 18: Assertion (A): The final reabsorption of water from urine into blood occurs through the collecting duct of a mammalian nephron, resulting in the production of hyperosmotic urine.
Reason (R): The loop of Henle is responsible for the formation of a sodium gradient across the depth of the medullary intersitium of a mammalian kidney.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Reabsorption of filtrate occurs in collecting duct while loop of Henle forms sodium gradient by being selectively permeable to salts in different parts of the loop of Henle.

Question 19: Assertion (A): Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thrist of water.
Reason (R): Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. ADH is synthesized by neurosecretory cells of Hypothalamus in posterior lobe of pituitary.

Question 20: Assertion (A): Inulin is used in testing kidney function especially glomerular filtration.
Reason (R): Inulin is a fructan storage polysaccharide.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Inulin is a fructan storage polysaccharide and is not metabolised in human body and completely excreted out.
2. So, used in testing of kidney failure.

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