NEET Biology Diversity in Living Organism Important Questions Set 01

These Important Questions for NEET Biology on Diversity in Living Organism give 45 solved questions on classification, the five kingdoms, plants and animals, with very short, short and long answers, fill in the blanks, true or false, MCQs, matching and assertion-reason questions. Every question is followed by its answer, so students can revise the topics tested in the kingdom Monera, viruses, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, Platyhelminthes and Chordata quickly.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Name the kingdoms according to the Linnaeus classification.
Answer: Plant kingdom and Animal kingdom.

Question 2. Who introduced the Five-kingdom classification?
Answer: Robert H. Whittaker.

Question 3. What is the causal agent of AIDS?
Answer: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Question 4. Who proposed Binomial nomenclature?
Answer: Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 5. What type of animals are included in Monera?
Answer: Monera includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

Question 6. Name two Gymnosperm plants.
Answer: Cycas and Pinus.

Question 7. Give two examples of Arthropoda.
Answer: Palaemon (prawn) and Limulus (king crab).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 8. What are bryophytes?
Answer: Bryophytes are simple, non-vascular land plants such as mosses and liverworts. They have no true roots, stem or leaves, need water for fertilisation, and are called the "amphibians of the plant world".

Question 9. Write important characters of viruses.
Answer: 1. Viruses are non-cellular and consist of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core covered by a protein coat.
2. They are inactive outside a living host and show living characters only inside a host cell, where they multiply.
3. They have no independent metabolism and are the connecting link between the living and the non-living world.

Question 10. What are lichens?
Answer: Lichens are a symbiotic association between an alga (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus. The alga prepares food by photosynthesis and the fungus gives shelter and absorbs water and minerals.

Question 11. Differentiate between dicotyledonae and monocotyledonae plants.
Answer:

Question 12. What are the sub-phyla of Chordata? Give examples.
Answer: Phylum Chordata has three sub-phyla.
1. Urochordata: notochord is present only in the larval tail, e.g. Ascidia.
2. Cephalochordata: notochord runs the whole length of the body throughout life, e.g. Amphioxus.
3. Vertebrata: notochord is replaced by a vertebral column, e.g. fish, frog, lizard, pigeon and man.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 13. Write down the main characters of the kingdom Monera or Protista.
Answer: Kingdom Monera:
1. Cells are prokaryotic, with no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.
2. They are unicellular and microscopic, e.g. bacteria and cyanobacteria.
3. Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan (in bacteria).
4. Nutrition may be autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) or heterotrophic.
Kingdom Protista:
1. Cells are eukaryotic, with a well-defined nucleus and organelles.
2. They are mostly unicellular and aquatic, e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium and Euglena.
3. Locomotion is by cilia, flagella or pseudopodia.
4. Nutrition may be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and they act as a link between Monera and the higher kingdoms.

Question 14. List the distinguishing features of the phylum Chordata. Mention its classes with one example each.
Answer: Distinguishing features:
1. A notochord is present at some stage of life.
2. A dorsal, hollow nerve cord is present.
3. Pharyngeal gill slits are present at some stage.
4. The heart is ventral and a post-anal tail is present at some stage.
Classes of sub-phylum Vertebrata:
1. Cyclostomata, e.g. Petromyzon.
2. Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish), e.g. Scoliodon.
3. Osteichthyes (bony fish), e.g. Rohu.
4. Amphibia, e.g. Frog.
5. Reptilia, e.g. Lizard.
6. Aves, e.g. Pigeon.
7. Mammalia, e.g. Man.

Question 15. Write down important characters of the phylum Platyhelminthes.
Answer: 1. The body is flat like a ribbon or leaf, hence the name flatworms.
2. They are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic, but acoelomate (no body cavity).
3. Organ-system level of organisation is seen; there is no anus and no circulatory or respiratory system.
4. Flame cells perform excretion and osmoregulation.
5. Most are parasitic and hermaphrodite, e.g. Taenia (tapeworm), Fasciola (liver fluke) and Planaria (free-living).

Question 16. Give the general characters and classification of Phanerogames.
Answer: General characters: Phanerogams are seed-bearing plants with well-developed vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), and the plant body is differentiated into root, stem and leaves. Reproduction is by seeds produced after flowering or cone formation.
Classification:
1. Gymnosperms: naked seeds, no fruits or flowers, e.g. Cycas and Pinus.
2. Angiosperms: seeds enclosed in fruits, flowers are present. They are divided into Monocotyledons (one cotyledon, e.g. wheat) and Dicotyledons (two cotyledons, e.g. pea).

Question 17. Distinguish pteridophytes and gymnosperms with examples.
Answer:

Fill in the Blanks

Question 18. Virus is the connecting link between ................ and ......................
Answer: living world and non-living world.

Question 19. ................ is remembered as the father of taxonomy.
Answer: Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 20. Ambulacral system is characteristic of ................
Answer: Echinodermata.

Question 21. Non-seed bearing vascular plants are ............
Answer: Pteridophytes.

Question 22. Protozoa are .................. and ............. animals.
Answer: Unicellular and aquatic.

True or False

Question 23. Viruses do not have an independent metabolism.
Answer: True.

Question 24. Aves are cold-blooded animals.
Answer: False. Aves (birds) are warm-blooded.

Question 25. Kiwi is a flightless bird.
Answer: True.

Question 26. Hedgehog belongs to class Mammalia.
Answer: True.

Question 27. In Thallophyta mechanical and conducting tissues are absent.
Answer: True.

Question 28. Fungi are autotrophic.
Answer: False. Fungi are heterotrophic.

Question 29. Pteridophyta plants have no flowers and do not produce seeds.
Answer: True.

Single Choice Questions

Question 30. Whittaker failed to give any place to one of the following in his classification -
(A) Cyanobacteria
(B) Virus
(C) Slime moulds
(D) All of the above
Answer: (B) Virus

Question 31. Parazoa includes -
(A) Protozoans
(B) Porifera
(C) Parasites of invertebrates (Mesozoa)
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B) Porifera

Question 32. Viruses are essentially made up of -
(A) Proteins and nucleic acid
(B) Proteins and carbohydrates
(C) Lipids and nucleic acids
(D) Starch, proteins and lipid
Answer: (A) Proteins and nucleic acid

Question 33. Prokaryotes are included in the group -
(A) Monera
(B) Basidiomycetes
(C) Bryophytes
(D) Tracheophyta
Answer: (A) Monera

Question 34. Four kingdom system of classification was given by -
(A) Copeland
(B) Whittaker
(C) Linnaeus
(D) Von Mohl
Answer: (A) Copeland

Question 35. Which group of plants is called the "Amphibians of the plant world"?
(A) Bryophyta
(B) Gymnosperms
(C) Algae
(D) Fungi
Answer: (A) Bryophyta

Question 36. Which of the following organisms has characters of both animals and plants?
(A) Blue-green algae
(B) Euglena
(C) Moss
(D) Cycas
Answer: (B) Euglena

Question 37. Vascular bundles are found in -
(A) Thallophyta
(B) Bryophyta
(C) Pteridophyta
(D) Lichens
Answer: (C) Pteridophyta

Question 38. A branch of biology which deals with the identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms is called -
(A) Morphology
(B) Ecology
(C) Taxonomy
(D) Phytogeography
Answer: (C) Taxonomy

Question 39. Binomial nomenclature was introduced by -
(A) John Ray
(B) A. P. de Candolle
(C) A. L. de Jussieu
(D) Carolus Linnaeus
Answer: (D) Carolus Linnaeus

Match the Columns

Question 40. Match Column I with Column II.

Answer: 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-e, 5-f.

Fill the Box with Appropriate Word

Question 41. Agnatha has no ............
Answer: Jaws.

Question 42. Segmented worms with a complete digestive tract originated in phylum ............
Answer: Annelida.

Question 43. Petromyzon is an example of ............
Answer: Cyclostomata.

Question 44. Kiwi is found in ............
Answer: New Zealand.

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

The following question consists of two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark the correct alternative.
(A) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) If A is false but R is true.
(D) If both A and R are false.

Question 45.
A: Scoliodon is called dog fish.
R: It has a developed sense of smell.
Answer: (A)