NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption MCQs Set 11

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The wall of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the rectum has four layers. From outside to inside the sequence is:
(a) Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
(b) Muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa
(c) Serosa, muscularis, mucosa, submucosa
(d) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

Explanation:
1. From outside inwards the layers are serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mucosa is the innermost layer next to the lumen.

Question 2: Which statement is FALSE?
(a) Mucosal epithelium has goblet cells that secrete mucus for lubrication
(b) Mucosa forms gastric glands in the stomach and crypts between the bases of villi in the intestine
(c) Cells lining the villi have a brush border or microvilli
(d) All four basic layers in the gut wall never show modification in different parts of the alimentary canal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All four basic layers in the gut wall never show modification in different parts of the alimentary canal

Explanation:
1. The four layers do show modifications in different parts of the canal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Villi are present only in the small intestine.

Question 3: Find the correct match. A. Hepatic lobule B. Crypts of Lieberkuhn C. Sphincter of Oddi D. Cystic duct; I. base of villi II. Glisson's capsule III. gall bladder IV. hepato-pancreatic duct
(a) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
(b) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(c) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(d) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Explanation:
1. Hepatic lobules are covered by Glisson's capsule, the crypts lie at the base of villi, the sphincter of Oddi guards the hepato-pancreatic duct, and the cystic duct is the duct of the gall bladder.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sphincter of Oddi controls bile and pancreatic juice flow.

Question 4: The optimum pH of saliva is:
(a) 6.8
(b) 8.6
(c) 7
(d) 9.5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6.8

Explanation:
1. Salivary amylase works best at about pH 6.8.

Teacher's Note:
1. Saliva is slightly acidic.

Question 5: About 30 per cent of starch is digested in the:
(a) Oral cavity
(b) Stomach
(c) Small intestine
(d) Colon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Oral cavity

Explanation:
1. Salivary amylase digests about 30 per cent of starch into maltose in the mouth.

Teacher's Note:
1. The rest is digested in the intestine.

Question 6: Match the cells of the gastric gland with their secretions. A. Mucus neck cells B. Peptic (chief) cells C. Parietal (oxyntic) cells; I. HCl and intrinsic factor II. mucus III. pepsinogen
(a) A-II, B-III, C-I
(b) A-III, B-II, C-I
(c) A-I, B-II, C-III
(d) A-II, B-I, C-III
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-II, B-III, C-I

Explanation:
1. Mucus neck cells secrete mucus, chief cells secrete pepsinogen, and parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

Teacher's Note:
1. Intrinsic factor helps vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 7: Enterokinase is:
(a) A pancreatic hormone
(b) An intestinal hormone
(c) A pancreatic enzyme
(d) A component of intestinal juice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A component of intestinal juice

Explanation:
1. Enterokinase from the intestinal mucosa activates trypsinogen to trypsin.

Teacher's Note:
1. It starts the activation cascade.

Question 8: The first step in the digestion of fat in the intestine is:
(a) Emulsification
(b) Enzyme action
(c) Absorption by lacteals
(d) Storage in adipose tissue
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Emulsification

Explanation:
1. Bile salts break large fat globules into micelles, which is emulsification, before lipase acts.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bile contains no enzymes.

Question 9: In the digestion of carbohydrates, starch is converted to maltose by enzyme A. Lactose is converted to galactose and glucose by B, maltose to glucose by C, and sucrose to glucose and fructose by D. Identify A, B, C and D.
(a) A amylase, B invertase, C maltase, D lactase
(b) A amylase, B lactase, C maltase, D invertase
(c) A amylase, B maltase, C lactase, D invertase
(d) A amylase, B maltase, C invertase, D lactase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A amylase, B lactase, C maltase, D invertase

Explanation:
1. Lactose is split by lactase, maltose by maltase and sucrose by invertase (sucrase).

Teacher's Note:
1. Amylase acts on starch.

Question 10: Find the correct sequence of substrate, enzyme and product:
(a) Small intestine: proteins, pepsin, amino acids
(b) Stomach: fats, lipase, micelles
(c) Duodenum: triglycerides, trypsin, monoglycerides
(d) Small intestine: starch, alpha-amylase, maltose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Small intestine: starch, alpha-amylase, maltose

Explanation:
1. Pancreatic alpha-amylase digests starch to maltose in the small intestine
2. Pepsin works in the stomach and lipase acts on fats to give fatty acids and glycerol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Trypsin acts on proteins.

Question 11: Match the columns. A. Salivary amylase B. Bile salts C. Rennin D. Pepsin; I. proteins II. milk protein III. starch IV. lipids
(a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(c) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(d) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Explanation:
1. Salivary amylase acts on starch, bile salts on lipids (emulsification), rennin on milk protein and pepsin on proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rennin is active in infants.

Question 12: The secretion of the brush border cells together with secretions of goblet cells in the mucosa of the small intestine constitutes:
(a) Chyme
(b) Chyle
(c) Succus entericus
(d) Gastric juice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Succus entericus

Explanation:
1. Intestinal juice is called succus entericus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chyme is semi-digested food from the stomach.

Question 13: The juice having maltase, dipeptidase, lipase, nucleotidase and nucleosidase is called:
(a) Pancreatic juice
(b) Gastric juice
(c) Intestinal juice (succus entericus)
(d) Bile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Intestinal juice (succus entericus)

Explanation:
1. These enzymes are secreted into succus entericus.

Teacher's Note:
1. They complete the digestion of food.

Question 14: Which process is aided by bile salts?
(a) Nucleic acid to nucleotides to nucleosides to sugar and bases
(b) Sucrose to glucose and fructose by sucrase
(c) Fats to diglycerides to monoglycerides by lipase
(d) Proteins and peptones to dipeptides
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Fats to diglycerides to monoglycerides by lipase

Explanation:
1. Bile salts emulsify fats and activate lipases, so they aid the digestion of fats.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bile has no digestive enzyme.

Question 15: Which statement is FALSE?
(a) The breakdown of most biomacromolecules occurs in the duodenum
(b) Simple digested substances are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum
(c) Very significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine
(d) Undigested and unabsorbed substances pass into the large intestine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Very significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine

Explanation:
1. Little digestion occurs in the large intestine, whose main role is absorption of water and formation of faeces.

Teacher's Note:
1. Most digestion is in the duodenum.

Question 16: Which is NOT a function of the large intestine?
(a) Absorption of some water, minerals and certain drugs
(b) Nutrient absorption
(c) Secretion of mucus to lubricate faeces
(d) Temporary storage of faeces in the rectum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Nutrient absorption

Explanation:
1. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Colon absorbs water.

Question 17: In addition to neural control, hormones also influence:
(a) Gastric secretions
(b) Intestinal secretions
(c) Muscular activities of different parts of the alimentary canal
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Gastrointestinal hormones regulate secretions and motility.

Teacher's Note:
1. Gastrin, secretin and CCK are examples.

Question 18: Which statement is INCORRECT? I. Absorption of simple sugar, alcohol, some water and medicines takes place in the stomach. II. Maximum water absorption occurs in the small intestine. III. The small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption. IV. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by lacteals. V. Nothing is absorbed in the mouth and large intestine.
(a) I, IV and V
(b) V
(c) IV
(d) II and III
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) V

Explanation:
1. Some water and drugs are absorbed in the mouth and large intestine, so V is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sublingual drugs are absorbed in the mouth.

Question 19: Which statement about chylomicrons is WRONG? I. Produced in epithelial cells of the small intestine. II. Contain triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids. III. Carbohydrate coated. IV. Released from epithelial cells into lacteals.
(a) I and IV
(b) II and III
(c) I, II, III and IV
(d) Only III
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Only III

Explanation:
1. Chylomicrons are coated with protein, not carbohydrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lacteals carry chylomicrons to lymph.

Question 20: Chylomicrons are concerned with:
(a) Digestion of fats
(b) Absorption of proteins
(c) Digestion of proteins
(d) Absorption of fats
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Absorption of fats

Explanation:
1. Fatty acids and monoglycerides are re-formed into triglycerides and packed as chylomicrons for absorption via lacteals.

Teacher's Note:
1. They enter the lymph.

Question 21: Which statement is INCORRECT?
(a) Faecal accumulation in the rectum initiates a neural reflex causing the urge for its removal
(b) The reflex action of vomiting is controlled by the medulla
(c) Irregular bowel movements cause constipation
(d) In diarrhoea the absorption of food is enhanced
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) In diarrhoea the absorption of food is enhanced

Explanation:
1. In diarrhoea the absorption of food is reduced because food passes rapidly.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diarrhoea is abnormal frequency of bowel movement.

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