NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption MCQs Set 12

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Digestion and Absorption

Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

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Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Digestion and Absorption below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official NEET textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Teeth that are embedded in sockets of the jaw bone are called
(a) acrodont
(b) thecodont
(c) pleurodont
(d) homodont
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) thecodont

Explanation:
1. Thecodont teeth sit in sockets of the jaw bone, as in mammals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diphyodont means two sets of teeth in a lifetime.

Question 2: Teeth that appear twice in a lifetime (milk and permanent) are called
(a) diphyodont
(b) monophyodont
(c) polyphyodont
(d) heterodont
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) diphyodont

Explanation:
1. Humans have a temporary milk set and a permanent set, so they are diphyodont.

Teacher's Note:
1. Heterodont means different types of teeth.

Question 3: The cartilaginous flap that prevents food from entering the glottis during swallowing is the
(a) uvula
(b) epiglottis
(c) tonsil
(d) cardiac sphincter
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) epiglottis

Explanation:
1. The epiglottis covers the glottis, the opening of the windpipe, while food is swallowed.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pharynx is the common passage for food and air.

Question 4: The three regions of the small intestine in order are
(a) jejunum, duodenum, ileum
(b) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
(c) ileum, jejunum, duodenum
(d) duodenum, ileum, jejunum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Explanation:
1. The small intestine has a C-shaped duodenum, a long coiled jejunum and a highly coiled ileum.

Teacher's Note:
1. The duodenum is the shortest part.

Question 5: The largest gland in the human body is the
(a) pancreas
(b) liver
(c) thyroid
(d) salivary gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) liver

Explanation:
1. The liver is the largest gland, with two main lobes, and the hepatic lobule is its structural and functional unit.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bile is stored in the gall bladder.

Question 6: The outermost layer of the wall of the alimentary canal is the
(a) serosa
(b) mucosa
(c) submucosa
(d) muscularis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) serosa

Explanation:
1. From outside to inside the layers are serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa.

Teacher's Note:
1. Serosa is made of thin mesothelium with some connective tissue.

Question 7: The large lymph vessel in each intestinal villus that absorbs fats is called the
(a) lacteal
(b) crypt
(c) capillary
(d) sinusoid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) lacteal

Explanation:
1. Fatty acids and glycerol form chylomicrons that enter lacteals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glucose and amino acids go into blood capillaries.

Question 8: Villi are present in the intestine but not in the stomach because
(a) food is completely digested in the intestine and absorbed there
(b) the stomach has no mucosa
(c) the stomach secretes no enzymes
(d) food does not enter the stomach
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) food is completely digested in the intestine and absorbed there

Explanation:
1. Absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine after digestion is complete, so the surface needs to be increased there.

Teacher's Note:
1. The stomach mostly begins protein digestion.

Question 9: How many pairs of salivary glands are present in humans?
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) Five
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Three

Explanation:
1. The parotids, submandibular and sublingual glands make three pairs.

Teacher's Note:
1. Saliva contains salivary amylase.

Question 10: The enzyme in saliva that converts starch into maltose is
(a) pepsin
(b) lipase
(c) salivary amylase
(d) trypsin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) salivary amylase

Explanation:
1. Salivary amylase begins carbohydrate digestion in the oral cavity, so chemical digestion starts in the mouth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its action continues only briefly in the stomach.

Question 11: The mixture of food and gastric juice in the stomach is called
(a) bolus
(b) chyme
(c) chyle
(d) bile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) chyme

Explanation:
1. Churning in the stomach forms chyme.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chyme moves to the duodenum through the pyloric sphincter.

Question 12: The factor essential for absorption of vitamin B12 is
(a) pepsin
(b) renin
(c) Castle's intrinsic factor
(d) gastrin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Castle's intrinsic factor

Explanation:
1. Intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells is needed for absorption of vitamin B12.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lack of it causes pernicious anaemia.

Question 13: Intestinal juice is also called
(a) chyle
(b) succus entericus
(c) bile
(d) saliva
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) succus entericus

Explanation:
1. Succus entericus is the secretion of the intestinal glands and brush border cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. It contains disaccharidases and dipeptidases.

Question 14: Pancreatic juice contains all of the following EXCEPT
(a) trypsinogen
(b) pancreatic amylase
(c) pepsinogen
(d) nucleases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) pepsinogen

Explanation:
1. Pepsinogen is gastric; pancreatic juice has trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidases, amylases, lipases and nucleases.

Teacher's Note:
1. Its enzymes are activated in the duodenum.

Question 15: The enzyme that converts lactose into glucose and galactose is
(a) sucrase
(b) lactase
(c) maltase
(d) nucleosidase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) lactase

Explanation:
1. Lactase splits lactose; maltase splits maltose and sucrase splits sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Teacher's Note:
1. These enzymes are in succus entericus.

Question 16: The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the duodenum as the common ______ guarded by the sphincter of Oddi.
(a) cystic duct
(b) hepatic duct
(c) hepato-pancreatic duct
(d) pancreatic vein
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) hepato-pancreatic duct

Explanation:
1. The hepato-pancreatic duct is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi.

Teacher's Note:
1. The cystic duct arises from the gall bladder.

Question 17: The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of
(a) acini
(b) Kupffer cells
(c) goblet cells
(d) islets of Langerhans
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) islets of Langerhans

Explanation:
1. The islets secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon, while acini form the exocrine part.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pancreas is a heterocrine gland.

Question 18: Glucose and some amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine by
(a) simple diffusion only
(b) osmosis
(c) phagocytosis
(d) facilitated transport
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) facilitated transport

Explanation:
1. Facilitated transport with sodium ions carries glucose and some amino acids into mucosal cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Water moves according to osmotic gradients.

Question 19: The correct sequence of fat absorption is
(a) chylomicrons, micelles, blood, lacteals
(b) lacteals, micelles, chylomicrons, blood
(c) micelles, lacteals, chylomicrons, lymph
(d) micelles, chylomicrons, lacteals, lymph, blood
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) micelles, chylomicrons, lacteals, lymph, blood

Explanation:
1. Fatty acids and glycerol are incorporated into micelles, move into the mucosa, become protein-coated chylomicrons and enter lacteals.

Teacher's Note:
1. The lymph vessels release them into the blood.

Question 20: The absorbed substances are utilised by the tissues for their activities. This process is called
(a) egestion
(b) assimilation
(c) ingestion
(d) digestion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) assimilation

Explanation:
1. Assimilation is the use of absorbed substances by tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Egestion is removal of undigested material.

Question 21: Retention of faeces within the rectum due to irregular bowel movement is called
(a) diarrhoea
(b) vomiting
(c) constipation
(d) jaundice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) constipation

Explanation:
1. In constipation, faeces are retained in the rectum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diarrhoea is abnormal frequency of bowel movement with liquid faeces.

Question 22: The caecum is a small blind sac that
(a) secretes bile
(b) absorbs most food
(c) hosts some symbiotic microorganisms
(d) stores bile
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) hosts some symbiotic microorganisms

Explanation:
1. The caecum houses symbiotic microbes at the junction of small and large intestine.

Teacher's Note:
1. The appendix is a vestigial finger-like tube from it.

Question 23: The gastro-oesophageal sphincter
(a) opens the stomach into the duodenum
(b) controls the passage of food into the stomach
(c) guards the bile duct
(d) holds the gall bladder
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) controls the passage of food into the stomach

Explanation:
1. It lies at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pyloric sphincter guards the stomach exit.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption

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