NEET Biology Digestion and Absorption MCQs Set 06

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Digestion and Absorption

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Oesophagus opens in which part of the stomach?
(a) Pyloric
(b) Cardiac
(c) Fundic
(d) Caecum
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Answer: (b) Cardiac

Explanation:
1. Oesophagus Fundus Cardiac Superior portion of duodenum Pyloric.

Question 2: How many pairs of salivary glands are present in human beings?
(a) 2 pairs
(b) 3 pairs
(c) 4 pairs
(d) 5 pairs
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Answer: (b) 3 pairs

Explanation:
1. Three pairs of salivary glands are : (1) Parotid (1 pair) (2) Sub-maxillary / sub-mandibular (1 pair) (3) Sub-lingual (1 pair).

Question 3: Which gland is both exocrine and endocrine?
(a) Liver
(b) Gall bladder
(c) Glisson’s capsule
(d) Pancreas
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Answer: (d) Pancreas

Explanation:
1. This is so because pancreas is a compound gland.
2. So it acts as exocrine and endocrine gland both.

Question 4: Glisson’s capsule is related to
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Lung
(d) Pharynx
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Answer: (a) Liver

Explanation:
1. Glisson's capsule is a thin connective sheath which covers hepatic lobule.

Question 5: Endocrine portion of pancreas secretes
(a) Insulin
(b) Glucagon
(c) Both (1) & (2)
(d) HCl
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Answer: (c) Both (1) & (2)

Explanation:
1. α-Cells of pancreas → Secrete glucagon β-Cells of pancreas → Secrete insulin δ-Cells of pancreas → Secrete somatostatin.

Question 6: Bile is stored and concentrated in
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Lungs
(d) Gall bladder
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Answer: (d) Gall bladder

Explanation:
1. Gall bladder : It removes water and not Na+ ions from bile and concentrate it.

Question 7: Which organ of the following is present in abdominal cavity, just below diaphragm.
(a) Pharynx
(b) Pancreas
(c) Liver
(d) Tongue
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Answer: (c) Liver

Explanation:
1. Liver is the largest gland of the body, which is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm.
2. It has two lobes i.e., right and left lobes.

Question 8: Which is the largest gland of human body?
(a) Liver
(b) Pancreas
(c) Gall bladder
(d) Lung
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Answer: (a) Liver

Explanation:
1. Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in adult human.

Question 9: The wall of alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum possesses _____ layers.
(a) 2 layers
(b) 3 layers
(c) 4 layers
(d) 5 layers
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Answer: (c) 4 layers

Explanation:
1. Four layers Serosa Muscularis Wall of alimentary canal Sub-mucosa Mucosa.

Question 10: The major functions of buccal cavity is/are
(a) Mastication of food
(b) Facilitation of swallowing
(c) Help in the secretion of glucagon
(d) Both (1) & (2)
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Answer: (d) Both (1) & (2)

Explanation:
1. (1) Mastication of food → Function of buccal cavity (2) Facilitation of swallowing → Function of buccal cavity (3) Help in secretion of glucogon → Function of α-cell of pancreas.

Question 11: HCl secreting cells present in the stomach are
(a) Oxyntic cells
(b) Peptic cells
(c) Chief cells
(d) Mucus neck cells
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Answer: (a) Oxyntic cells

Explanation:
1. Peptic or chief cell : Secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen Mucus neck cell : Secrete mucus Pepsinogen : Oxyntic or parietal cells : Secret HCl and intrinsic factor.

Question 12: All of the following juices contain enzymes, except
(a) Pancreatic juice
(b) Intestinal juice
(c) Bile juice
(d) Gastric juice
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Answer: (c) Bile juice

Explanation:
1. This is so because bile contains bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), bile salts (sodium bicarbonate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate), cholesterol and phospholipids.

Question 13: The breakdown of biomolecules i.e. dipeptides, lactose, maltose and sucrose etc. occur mainly in the
(a) Ilium
(b) Pyloric region of stomach
(c) Duodenum region of small intestine
(d) Caecum region of large intestine
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Answer: (c) Duodenum region of small intestine

Explanation:
1. Duodenum region of small intestine.
2. Because the enzyme requires of the breakdown of biomolecules i.e. dipeptides, lactose, maltose and sucrose are present in the succus entericus (intestinal juice).

Question 14: Enzyme lactase is responsible for the breakdown of lactose into
(a) Glucose + Fructose
(b) Glucose + Galactose
(c) Glucose + Glucose
(d) Fatty acids + Glycerol
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Answer: (b) Glucose + Galactose

Explanation:
1. This option, Glucose + Galactose, is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 15: The main function of bile is to
(a) Eliminate the waste products
(b) Emulsify the fats
(c) Digest proteins by enzymatic activity
(d) Regulate the digestion process
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Answer: (b) Emulsify the fats

Explanation:
1. Bile helps in emulsification of fats i.e., breakdown of the fats into very small micelles.
2. As, Bile do not have any enzyme, so it does not help in digestion of protein.

Question 16: Enzyme trypsinogen is a component of
(a) Mucus
(b) Saliva
(c) Pancreatic juice
(d) Intestinal juice
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Answer: (c) Pancreatic juice

Explanation:
1. Trypsinogen is inactive form of trypsin.

Question 17: The food that enters into intestine from stomach is
(a) Alkaline chyle
(b) Fundus
(c) Acidic chyme
(d) Bolus
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Answer: (c) Acidic chyme

Explanation:
1. This is so because the pH of stomach is low (1.8-3.2) and the food that passes from stomach also get acidic because of the presence of HCl.

Question 18: Absorption of water, simple sugars and alcohol etc. takes place in
(a) Mouth
(b) Stomach
(c) Rectum
(d) Large intestine
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Answer: (b) Stomach

Explanation:
1. Absorption of substance takes place in different parts of the alimentary canal : Mouth : Some drugs Stomach : Water, simple sugar, alcohol, drugs.
2. Small Intestine : Water, amino acid, sugar, glycerol, fatty acid, minerals, vitamin.
3. Large intestine : Water, some mineral, drugs.

Question 19: In intestine, the function of microvilli is to
(a) Secrete gastric juice
(b) Secrete pancreatic juice
(c) Increase absorptive surface area
(d) Secrete hormones
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Answer: (c) Increase absorptive surface area

Explanation:
1. Microvilli increase absorptive surface area.

Question 20: Abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as
(a) Vomiting
(b) Diarrhoea
(c) Constipation
(d) Indigestion
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Answer: (b) Diarrhoea

Explanation:
1. Vomiting: It is the ejection of stomach contents through the mouth.
2. Diarrhoea: The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the foecal discharge.
3. Constipation: In this, faeces are retained within the rectum as the bowel movements occur irregularly.
4. Indigestion: In this, the food is not properly digested leading to a feeling of fullness.

Question 21: The structural and functional unit of liver is
(a) Cystic duct
(b) Hepatic lobule
(c) Hepatopancreatic duct
(d) Sphincter of Oddi
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Answer: (b) Hepatic lobule

Explanation:
1. Hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords.

Question 22: Match the following<br />Column I Column II (Salivary gland) (Their location)<br />a. Parotids (i) Below tongue<br />b. Sub-maxillary/sub-mandibular (ii) Lower jaw<br />c. Sub-linguals (iii) Cheek
(a) a(i), b(ii), c(iii)
(b) a(i), b(iii), c(ii)
(c) a(ii), b(i), c(iii)
(d) a(iii), b(ii), c(i)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a(iii), b(ii), c(i)

Explanation:
1. Parotid - Present near cheek Sub-maxillary/sub - Mandibular - Present at lower jaw Sub-linguals - Present below tongue.

Question 23: Bile can be prevented to release into duodenum by
(a) Sphincter of Oddi
(b) Cardiac sphincter
(c) Pyloric sphincter
(d) Ileo-caecal valve
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Sphincter of Oddi

Explanation:
1. This is so because sphincter of Oddi guards the common hepatopancreatic duct, through which the bile is released into duodenum.

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