NEET Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration MCQs Set 14

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Chemical Coordination and Integration

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is not caused by hyperactivity of endocrine gland?
(a) Conn’s syndrome
(b) Cushing’s syndrome
(c) Addison’s disease
(d) Adrenal virilism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Addison’s disease

Explanation:
1. Conn's disease – (aldosteronism) excessive secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex lumor.
2. Cushing’s disease – tumour of adrenal cortex may secrete too much cortisol.
3. Addison’s disease – destruction of adrenal cortex by disease like tuberculosis produces addison's disease.
4. Adrenal virilism – excessive secretion of sex corticoids.

Question 2: Which of the following hormones plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body. It helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleep-wake cycle, body temperature. It influences pigmentation, the menstrual cycle as well as our defense capability?
(a) Estrogen
(b) Progesterone
(c) Cortisol
(d) Melatonin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Melatonin

Explanation:
1. Melatonin is secreted by pineal gland.

Question 3: In heart cells which one acts as second messenger in response to sympathetic nerve action?
(a) cAMP
(b) cGMP
(c) Inositol triphosphate
(d) Diacylglycerol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) cAMP

Explanation:
1. β-adrenergic receptors present on the heart wall which initiates the cAMP mediated pathway for opening of Ca2+ channels.

Question 4: Which of the following is a paracrine hormone?
(a) Insulin
(b) Glucagon
(c) Somatostatin of pancreas
(d) GH (Growth hormone)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Somatostatin of pancreas

Explanation:
1. Paracrine hormones-hormones which are secreted by a cell and interact with the receptor of the same cell. e.g., Somatostatin (also known as GHIH) or growth hormone inhibiting.

Question 5: Which of the following is an auto-immune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH, but are not regulated by the normal negative feedback controls?
(a) Myxoedema
(b) Grave’s disease
(c) Cretinism
(d) Hypocalcemic tetany
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Grave’s disease

Explanation:
1. Grave's disease : (hyper thyroidism) it is an autoimmune disease in which body produces antibodies against TSH receptors.
2. The antibodies when find to the receptors stimulates the follicular cells to release more thyroxine.
3. The antibodies are not regulated by normal –ve feedback inhibition.

Question 6: Which of the following hormone is used in transplantation surgery to suppress immunity and thus chances of organ rejection by recipient’s body is decreased?
(a) Thyroxine
(b) Cortisol
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Steroid hormone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cortisol

Explanation:
1. Cortisol is an immunosupressive.
2. So, during organ transplanation, so as to avoid graft rejection.

Question 7: A destruction of adrenal cortex by diseases like tuberculosis produces
(a) Cushing syndrome
(b) Adrenal virilism
(c) Addison’s disease
(d) Aldosteronism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Addison’s disease

Explanation:
1. Addison's disease occur due to deficiency of mineralocorticoid as well as glucocorticoids either due to destruction of adrenal cortex or by any disease such as tuberculosis.

Question 8: Which of the following is an action not produced by sympathetico-adrenal system?
(a) Constriction of skin and visceral smooth muscle
(b) Dilation of arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles
(c) Constriction of pupils
(d) Dilation of bronchioles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Constriction of pupils

Explanation:
1. Dilation of pupil is caused by stimulation sympathetico-adrenal system.

Question 9: Eunuchoidism is due to
(a) Perturbation of estrogen to androgen ratio
(b) Failure of testosterone secretion
(c) Tumor in testis
(d) Tumor in ovaries
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Failure of testosterone secretion

Explanation:
1. Eunuchoidism is caused due to cessation of secretion of testosterone.
2. Perturbation of estrogen and androgen ratio results in gynaecomastia.

Question 10: What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?
(a) In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane
(b) FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
(c) Glucagon is secreted by β-cells of Islets of langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis
(d) Secretion of thymosins is stimulated with aging
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

Explanation:
1. FSH is water soluble hormone which binds to extracellular receptor.

Question 11: Hormones thyroxine, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed from
(a) Tyrosine
(b) Proline
(c) Tryptophan
(d) Glycine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Tyrosine

Explanation:
1. Tyroxine : thyroxine, melanin, adrenaline Tryptophan : precursor of melatonins hormone.

Question 12: A sequential expression of a set of human genes occurs when a steroid molecule binds to the
(a) Messenger RNA
(b) DNA sequence
(c) Ribosome
(d) Transfer RNA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) DNA sequence

Explanation:
1. Steroidal hormones can occurs the plasma membrane and then binds to the intracellular receptors say the DNA sequence.
2. Uterine cell membrane Hormone (e.g.estrogen) Nucleus Genome Hormone-Receptor mRNA complex Proteins Physiological responses Diagrammatic representation of mechanism of action of steroidal hormone.

Question 13: Which of the following set of hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane of a target cell and bind to specific intracellular receptors?<br />a. Placental progesterone b. Aldosterone<br />c. Estrogen d. Thyroxine Mark the correct set
(a) b and c
(b) a, b and c
(c) a and c
(d) a, b, c and d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a, b, c and d

Explanation:
1. Steroidal horrmonal can cross the plasma membrane. e.g., progesterone, aldosterone, estrogen, thyroxine.

Question 14: Insulin receptor is
(a) Trimeric protein
(b) Membrane bound protein
(c) Intrinsic protein
(d) Intracellular receptor protein present in the cytoplasm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Membrane bound protein

Explanation:
1. Insulin is a water soluble hormone and the receptors are present extracellularly on the cell membrane.

Question 15: Assertion (A): Insulin is not given orally.
Reason (R): Insulin hormone is lipid soluble and directly enters inside the cell membrane.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. Insulin is not given orally because it is amino hormone is they are not able to cross the intestinal mucosa.

Question 16: Assertion (A): Chorionic gonadotrophin prevents the corpus luteum from involuting.
Reason (R): It has property similar to luteinizing hormone.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Human chorionic gonadotrophin is secreted by the placenta which is known to be alnalogous to the LH (Luteinising hormone) secreted by anterior pituitary of both females and males.

Question 17: Assertion (A): Thyroxine shows calorigenic effect.
Reason (R): Thyroxine increases catabolism, produces energy and increases body temperature.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Thyroxine shows calorigenic effect, because thyroxine increases catabolism, produces energy and increases body temperature by increased oxygen consumption and rates of ATP hydrolysis.

Question 18: Assertion (A): Our body secretes adrenaline in intense cold.
Reason (R): Adrenaline raises metabolic rate.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. It was reported that intense cold exposure results in the secretion of adrenal medullary hormone adrenaline which raises the metabolic rate.

Question 19: Assertion (A): Occasionally mammary glands are functional in males and the condition is called gynaecomastia.
Reason (R): Decreased testosterone in later life may also lead to gynaecomastia. It is usually due to perturbation of estrogen to androgen ratio.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. Gynaecomastia is the abnormal development of mammary glands case of males.
2. In later life the fat deposition increases which results in increased secretion of oestrogen.
3. Due to this hormone perturbation, gynaecomastia.

Question 20: Assertion (A): Ethanol is a diuretic agent.
Reason (R): It inhibits vasopressin secretion.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Explanation:
1. This option, Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion., is the correct choice, as it agrees with the standard NCERT account of this topic.

Question 21: Assertion (A): Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during birth and initiates ejection of milk.
Reason (R): It is synthesized in the posterior lobe of pituitary.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

Explanation:
1. Oxytocin stimulates of uterine muscles during birth and initiates ejection of milk.
2. It is released through axon of neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary.

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