NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs Set 06

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A transgenic food crop, which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is :
(a) Bt soyabean
(b) Golden rice
(c) Flavr savr tomatoes
(d) Starlink maize
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Golden rice

Explanation:
1. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (provitamin A) and can help prevent night blindness.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 2: Bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as
(a) Source of industrial enzyme
(b) Indicator of water pollution
(c) Insecticide
(d) Agent for production of dairy products.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Insecticide

Explanation:
1. Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used as a source of Bt insecticide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 3: GEAC stands for :
(a) Gene evaluation approval committee
(b) Genetic engineering approval committee
(c) Genetic engineering applied committee
(d) Gene enhancement approval committe
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Genetic engineering approval committee

Explanation:
1. GEAC stands for Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 4: Conventional methods to diagnose a disease are :
(a) Serum and urine analysis
(b) PCR
(c) ELISA
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Serum and urine analysis

Explanation:
1. Serum and urine analysis are conventional methods of diagnosis, while PCR and ELISA are modern techniques.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 5: Milk of transgenic cow 'Rosie' contains a substance that was nutritionally more balanced product for human babies is :
(a) a-lactalbumin
(b) b-lactalbumin
(c) g-lactalbumin
(d) d-lactalbumin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a-lactalbumin

Explanation:
1. Rosie's milk contained human alpha-lactalbumin, nutritionally more balanced for babies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 6: Which peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin?
(a) A-peptide
(b) B-peptide
(c) C-peptide
(d) Both (1) and (2)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C-peptide

Explanation:
1. The C peptide is removed during maturation of proinsulin into insulin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 7: Two polypeptide chains of insulin are linked together by :
(a) disulphide bonds
(b) hydrogen bonds
(c) Phosphodiester bonds
(d) Glycosidic bonds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) disulphide bonds

Explanation:
1. The two chains of insulin are held together by disulphide bonds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 8: Golden rice is enriched in :
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin E
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vitamin A

Explanation:
1. Golden rice is enriched in vitamin A (beta carotene).

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 9: Meloidegyne incognitia which infects the roots of tobacco plants causing a great reduction in yield is a:
(a) Nematode
(b) Bacterium
(c) Virus
(d) Alga
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nematode

Explanation:
1. Meloidogyne incognitia is a nematode that infects tobacco roots.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 10: Toxin present in Bacillus thuringiensis does not kill the bacterium because it is inactive form what makes it active inside the insect ?
(a) the alkaline pH of the gut, which solubilises the crystals
(b) the acid pH of the gut
(c) the neutral pH of the gut
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) the alkaline pH of the gut, which solubilises the crystals

Explanation:
1. The alkaline pH of the insect gut dissolves the Bt crystals and activates the toxin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 11: Which one of the following statements about genetically engineered insulin is incorrect.
(a) E.coli is used for producing humulin
(b) Chains A, B were produced separately
(c) Eli lily company prepared it for first time
(d) Genetically engineered insulin has C-peptide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Genetically engineered insulin has C-peptide

Explanation:
1. Genetically engineered insulin lacks the C peptide, as only mature A and B chains are joined.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 12: Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen, on this principle a test is based which is ?
(a) PCR
(b) ELISA
(c) Both (1) and (2)
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ELISA

Explanation:
1. ELISA detects antigens or antibodies produced against a pathogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 13: How many documented varities of basmati rice distinct for its unique aroma and flavour are grown in India?
(a) 27 varities
(b) 25 varities
(c) 28 varities
(d) 26 varities
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 27 varities

Explanation:
1. India grows 27 documented varieties of Basmati rice.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 14: Over 95 percent of all existing transgenic animals are :
(a) Pigs
(b) Cows
(c) Fish
(d) Mice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mice

Explanation:
1. Over 95 per cent of existing transgenic animals are mice.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 15: The organisation set up for making decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organism for public services is :
(a) Genetic engineering approval committee
(b) Genetic engineering advanced company
(c) Genetic engineering applied committee
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Genetic engineering approval committee

Explanation:
1. The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) decides the validity of GM research and safety of GM organisms for public use.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 16: Use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper autorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment is called :
(a) Biotheft
(b) Biopatent
(c) Biopiracy
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Biopiracy

Explanation:
1. Use of bioresources without proper authorisation or compensatory payment is biopiracy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 17: Which of the following plants is genetically modified for improved nutritional value of food?
(a) Potato
(b) Wheat
(c) Rice
(d) Maize
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Rice

Explanation:
1. Golden rice is genetically modified for improved nutritional value.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 18: Cry1 Ab gene produces proteins which control?
(a) Bollworms
(b) Corn borer
(c) Both (1) and (2)
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Corn borer

Explanation:
1. Cry1Ab protein controls the corn borer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

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