NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs Set 07

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Practice Biotechnology and Its Applications MCQs for NEET Biology

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Biotechnology and Its Applications below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official NEET textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Critical research areas of biotechnology are :
(a) providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organism usually a microbe or pure enzyme.
(b) Creating optimal conditions through engineering for a catalyst to act.
(c) Down stream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic compound.
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All the above

Explanation:
1. Improved catalysts, optimal conditions and downstream processing are all critical research areas of biotechnology.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 2: Bacterium genetically engineered for cleaning oil spills is :
(a) Eischerichia coli
(b) Pseudomonas putida
(c) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) Agrobacterium tumifaciens
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pseudomonas putida

Explanation:
1. Pseudomonas putida, engineered to degrade hydrocarbons, is used for cleaning oil spills and is called a super bug.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 3: Bacterium which is known as 'Super bug' is :
(a) Pseudomonas putida
(b) Salmonella
(c) Eischerichia
(d) Agrobacterium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pseudomonas putida

Explanation:
1. Pseudomonas putida is known as a 'super bug' for its ability to degrade multiple hydrocarbons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 4: Animals those have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as :
(a) Transgenic animals
(b) Genetically modified animals
(c) Both (1) and (2)
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both (1) and (2)

Explanation:
1. Transgenic animals, those with an extra foreign gene, are also called genetically modified animals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 5: When cut by the restriction enzyme, the DNA fragments can be joined together using :
(a) DNA polymerase
(b) DNA ligase
(c) Alkaline phosphatase
(d) DNA gyrase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) DNA ligase

Explanation:
1. DNA ligase joins DNA fragments cut by the restriction enzyme.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 6: Genetically engineered human insulin is made in
(a) Fungus
(b) Protista
(c) Plants
(d) Bacterium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Bacterium

Explanation:
1. Genetically engineered human insulin is produced in the bacterium E. coli.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 7: Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, which are linked together by?
(a) Sulphide bridges
(b) Peptide bridges
(c) Chloride bridges
(d) Disulphide bridges
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Disulphide bridges

Explanation:
1. The two short polypeptide chains of insulin are linked by disulphide bridges.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 8: Meloidegyne incognitia infects the root of which plant ?
(a) Potato
(b) Soyabean
(c) Tobacco
(d) Tomato
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Tobacco

Explanation:
1. Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 9: Genetics modified crops (GMC) are useful in agriculture because :
(a) They are more tolerant to abiotic stresses
(b) They increase reliance on chemical pesticide
(c) They have reduced nutritional value
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) They are more tolerant to abiotic stresses

Explanation:
1. GM crops are more tolerant to abiotic stress and reduce pesticide use.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 10: The protien encoded by the gene cryIAc and cryIIAb, controls :
(a) Cotton bollworm
(b) Corn borer
(c) Cotton borer
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cotton bollworm

Explanation:
1. The proteins encoded by cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 11: A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the root of tobacco plant and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infection which was based on the process of :
(a) DNA interference
(b) RNA interference
(c) PCR technique
(d) DNA test
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RNA interference

Explanation:
1. RNA interference was used to protect tobacco against the nematode.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 12: In RNA interference (RNAi) :
(a) The silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevent translation of the mRNA :
(b) The silencing of a specific mRNA due to dsDNA
(c) The silencing of a specific mRNA due to tRNA
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevent translation of the mRNA :

Explanation:
1. RNAi silences a specific mRNA when a complementary dsRNA binds to it and prevents its translation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 13: Transgenic animals produces biological product such as a-1-antitrypsin, which is used to treat :
(a) Emphysema
(b) Cystic fibrosis
(c) Phenyl ketonuria
(d) Sickle cell anaemia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Emphysema

Explanation:
1. Alpha-1 antitrypsin from transgenic animals is used to treat emphysema.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin (Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis) is formed as inactive protoxin crystals, which become active in the alkaline gut of the insect and make pores in the midgut; cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms and cryIAb the corn borer.
2. RNA interference (RNAi) silences a specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA, and was used to protect tobacco from the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Question 14: The first transgenic cow was 'Rosie', produces :
(a) Human protein-enriched milk (a-lactabumin)
(b) Human protein a-1 antitrypsin riched milk
(c) Human protein enriched milk (insulin)
(d) All the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Human protein-enriched milk (a-lactabumin)

Explanation:
1. Rosie produced milk enriched with human protein alpha-lactalbumin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 15: Transgenic mice are being developed for use in :
(a) Testing the safety of polio vaccines before they are used on human
(b) Molecular diagnosis of diseases
(c) Production of human protein enriched milk
(d) Production of human insulin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Testing the safety of polio vaccines before they are used on human

Explanation:
1. Transgenic mice are being developed to test the safety of polio vaccine before use in humans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

Question 16: Transgenic tobacco which is developed through RNA interference, prevents the infection of :
(a) A nematode - Meloidegyne incognitia
(b) A bacterium - Pseudonomonas putida
(c) A fungi - Tricoderma
(d) An insect
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A nematode - Meloidegyne incognitia

Explanation:
1. RNAi in tobacco prevents infection by the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia.

Teacher's Note:
1. Human insulin has A and B chains joined by disulphide bonds; in humans the C peptide is removed from proinsulin, and Eli Lilly made rDNA insulin (humulin) in E. coli.
2. Golden rice is rich in beta carotene (vitamin A) and Flavr Savr is a tomato with delayed ripening.

Question 17: The first clinical gene therapy was given to a 4-year old girl with ADA deficiency in :
(a) 1984
(b) 1986
(c) 1992
(d) 1990
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1990

Explanation:
1. The first gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year-old girl with ADA deficiency.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic animals include mice (over 95 per cent), cow Rosie (human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk) and models for alpha-1 antitrypsin (emphysema); GEAC decides the safety of GM research.
2. PCR and ELISA help early diagnosis, and the first gene therapy (ADA deficiency) was given in 1990; biopiracy is use of bioresources without authorisation.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications

Download Multiple Choice Questions: Biotechnology and Its Applications (NEET Biology)

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