NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs Set 05

Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Biotechnology and Its Applications designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called
(a) somaclones
(b) wild types
(c) hybrids
(d) genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Explanation:
1. Organisms with altered genes are GMOs.
2. They are made by recombinant DNA technology.

Teacher's Note:
1. GM crops are an example.
2. Bt cotton is a GMO.

Question 2: GM plants created to supply alternative resources to industries (starches, fuels, pharmaceuticals) are called
(a) tailor-made plants
(b) pure lines
(c) haploids
(d) clones
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) tailor-made plants

Explanation:
1. GM is used to create tailor-made plants.
2. They supply alternative resources to industries.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples are oil-rich and starch-rich plants.
2. They are made to order.

Question 3: Bt toxin is produced by the bacterium
(a) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(b) Bacillus subtilis
(c) Bacillus thuringiensis
(d) Escherichia coli
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Bacillus thuringiensis

Explanation:
1. Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins.
2. They kill certain insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt is short for the bacterium's name.
2. Bt cotton is resistant to bollworms.

Question 4: The gene cloned from bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects is the
(a) lac gene
(b) Bt toxin gene (cry gene)
(c) ori gene
(d) ADA gene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Bt toxin gene (cry gene)

Explanation:
1. The cry gene codes for Bt toxin.
2. Plants expressing it are resistant to insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt cotton uses cry genes.
2. They are specific to insect groups.

Question 5: Proteins produced by some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects of the orders
(a) Hymenoptera and Isoptera
(b) Orthoptera and Odonata
(c) Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera
(d) Hemiptera only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera

Explanation:
1. Cry proteins kill Lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), Coleopterans (beetles) and Dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).
2. Each toxin is specific.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cry I Ac kills cotton bollworms.
2. Cry II Ab also controls them.

Question 6: Inactive Bt protoxin is converted into the active toxin in the insect gut by
(a) low temperature
(b) alkaline pH
(c) acidic pH
(d) neutral pH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) alkaline pH

Explanation:
1. The insect gut has an alkaline pH.
2. It solubilises the crystals.

Teacher's Note:
1. The activated toxin binds to midgut cells.
2. It creates pores and kills the insect.

Question 7: The activated Bt toxin binds to the surface of
(a) the nervous tissue
(b) the muscles and breaks them
(c) midgut epithelial cells and creates pores
(d) the eggs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) midgut epithelial cells and creates pores

Explanation:
1. The toxin binds to midgut epithelial cells.
2. It forms pores that swell and lyse the cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. The insect then dies.
2. The toxin is harmless to humans.

Question 8: The Bt toxin gene which controls cotton bollworms is
(a) cry I Ac
(b) cry I Ab
(c) lacZ
(d) cry III A
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) cry I Ac

Explanation:
1. Cry I Ac and cry II Ab control cotton bollworms.
2. Cry I Ab controls corn borer.

Teacher's Note:
1. The cry gene number tells the insect group.
2. Each is specific.

Question 9: The nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants is
(a) Wuchereria bancrofti
(b) Ancylostoma
(c) Ascaris lumbricoides
(d) Meloidogyne incognita
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Meloidogyne incognita

Explanation:
1. Meloidogyne incognita infects tobacco roots.
2. It reduces the yield.

Teacher's Note:
1. RNA interference was used to stop this.
2. It silences the nematode gene.

Question 10: The novel strategy adopted to prevent infection of tobacco roots by the nematode was based on the process of
(a) Bt toxin
(b) RNA interference (RNAi)
(c) PCR
(d) gene therapy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RNA interference (RNAi)

Explanation:
1. RNAi silences specific mRNA by complementary dsRNA.
2. The nematode could not survive.

Teacher's Note:
1. RNAi is a method of cellular defence in all eukaryotes.
2. It silences specific mRNA.

Question 11: Earlier, insulin used for diabetes was extracted from the pancreas of
(a) slaughtered cattle and pigs
(b) human cadavers
(c) sheep and goat
(d) horses
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) slaughtered cattle and pigs

Explanation:
1. Insulin was extracted from slaughtered cattle and pig pancreas.
2. It caused allergy and immune responses in some patients.

Teacher's Note:
1. Genetically engineered insulin is now used.
2. It is made in E. coli.

Question 12: In mature insulin, chain A and chain B are linked together by
(a) ionic bonds
(b) disulphide bridges
(c) peptide bonds
(d) hydrogen bonds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) disulphide bridges

Explanation:
1. The two chains are joined by disulphide bonds.
2. Insulin has 21 and 30 amino acids in chains A and B.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chain A has 21 and chain B has 30 amino acids.
2. Both were made separately in E. coli.

Question 13: Which peptide is removed during the maturation of proinsulin into insulin?
(a) A-peptide
(b) Signal peptide only
(c) C-peptide
(d) B-peptide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C-peptide

Explanation:
1. Proinsulin has A, B and C peptides.
2. The C peptide is removed in maturation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mature insulin has A and B chains only.
2. Eli Lilly made the first rDNA insulin in 1983.

Question 14: The enzyme adenosine deaminase is crucial for the functioning of the
(a) nervous system
(b) excretory system
(c) digestive system
(d) immune system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) immune system

Explanation:
1. ADA deficiency causes SCID.
2. The immune system fails to work.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lymphocytes with a functional ADA gene were introduced.
2. Permanent cure needs gene in marrow cells.

Question 15: Which of the following is a technique used for early diagnosis?
(a) PCR, ELISA and recombinant DNA technology
(b) Widal only
(c) Physical examination only
(d) Stethoscope only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PCR, ELISA and recombinant DNA technology

Explanation:
1. PCR, ELISA and r-DNA probes detect disease early.
2. They can detect very low pathogen levels.

Teacher's Note:
1. Early diagnosis helps treatment.
2. PCR detects HIV.

Question 16: Very low concentrations of a bacterium or virus, before symptoms appear, can be detected by
(a) Widal test
(b) microscopy
(c) simple staining
(d) amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR

Explanation:
1. PCR amplifies the pathogen's nucleic acid.
2. Even a low number can be detected.

Teacher's Note:
1. PCR is used in cancer detection.
2. It detects gene mutations.

Question 17: The technique now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients is
(a) Mantoux
(b) Southern hybridisation only
(c) Widal
(d) PCR
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) PCR

Explanation:
1. PCR detects HIV nucleic acid.
2. It is sensitive.

Teacher's Note:
1. ELISA detects antibodies.
2. PCR detects the viral genome.

Question 18: ELISA is based on the principle of
(a) gel electrophoresis
(b) enzyme-substrate binding only
(c) antigen-antibody interaction
(d) DNA hybridisation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) antigen-antibody interaction

Explanation:
1. ELISA detects antigen or antibody by binding.
2. An enzyme-linked reaction gives colour.

Teacher's Note:
1. ELISA tests for HIV, hepatitis and many infections.
2. Infection is detected from antibodies.

Question 19: The name of the first transgenic cow is
(a) Rosie
(b) Polly
(c) Molly
(d) Dolly
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Rosie

Explanation:
1. Rosie was the first transgenic cow.
2. Her milk contained human alpha-lactalbumin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dolly was a cloned sheep.
2. Rosie was transgenic.

Question 20: The milk of the first transgenic cow contained the human protein
(a) alpha-lactalbumin
(b) insulin
(c) haemoglobin
(d) collagen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) alpha-lactalbumin

Explanation:
1. Rosie's milk had human alpha-lactalbumin.
2. It was nutritionally balanced for infants.

Teacher's Note:
1. The protein was 2.4 g per litre.
2. The milk was more nutritious than natural cow milk.

Question 21: The use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned, and without compensatory payment, is called
(a) biopiracy
(b) bioprospecting
(c) biofortification
(d) bioremediation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) biopiracy

Explanation:
1. Biopiracy is the unauthorised use of bio-resources.
2. It occurs without compensation to the source country.

Teacher's Note:
1. Basmati and turmeric patents raised the issue.
2. India has the Biodiversity Act.

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