NEET Biology Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs Set 04

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Biotechnology and Its Applications designed to align with the latest NEET academic syllabus for NEET Biology. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as:
(a) A source of industrial enzymes
(b) An indicator of water pollution
(c) An insecticide
(d) An agent for production of dairy products
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) An insecticide

Explanation:
1. Bt produces insecticidal proteins (Cry toxins).
2. Its genes are used in Bt cotton and Bt corn as insecticide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt toxin kills specific insect groups.

Question 2: Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, which is a:
(a) Bacterium
(b) Protozoan
(c) Fungus
(d) Virus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Bacterium

Explanation:
1. Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium.
2. It forms protein crystals during sporulation.

Teacher's Note:
1. The toxin is a protoxin.

Question 3: Which of the following is a conventional method to diagnose a disease?
(a) Serum and urine analysis
(b) PCR
(c) ELISA
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Serum and urine analysis

Explanation:
1. Conventional diagnosis uses serum and urine analysis.
2. PCR and ELISA are molecular and immunological methods used for early detection.

Teacher's Note:
1. Early diagnosis helps effective treatment.

Question 4: The first transgenic cow, which produced human protein-enriched milk, was named:
(a) Andy
(b) Dolly
(c) Rosie
(d) Dumpy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Rosie

Explanation:
1. Rosie (1997) produced human alpha-lactalbumin-enriched milk.
2. Dolly was the first cloned sheep.

Teacher's Note:
1. Milk contained 2.4 g per litre of protein.

Question 5: Which peptide is not present in mature insulin and is removed during maturation?
(a) A-peptide
(b) B-peptide
(c) C-peptide
(d) Both A and B peptides
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C-peptide

Explanation:
1. Pro-insulin has A, B and C peptides.
2. The C-peptide is removed during maturation to give A and B chains.

Teacher's Note:
1. A and B are linked by disulphide bonds.

Question 6: The two polypeptide chains of insulin are linked together by:
(a) Disulphide bonds
(b) Hydrogen bonds
(c) Phosphodiester bonds
(d) Glycosidic bonds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Disulphide bonds

Explanation:
1. Chain A (21 amino acids) and chain B (30 amino acids) are joined by disulphide bridges.
2. The other bonds are not involved.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin has two chains and 51 amino acids.

Question 7: Golden rice is enriched in:
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin E
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Vitamin A

Explanation:
1. Golden rice has beta-carotene which is converted to vitamin A.
2. It is yellow due to the pigment.

Teacher's Note:
1. It addresses vitamin A deficiency.

Question 8: The toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis does not kill the bacterium because it is in inactive form. What makes it active inside the insect?
(a) The alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the crystals
(b) The acid pH of the gut
(c) The neutral pH of the gut
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the crystals

Explanation:
1. Bt protein exists as inactive protoxin crystals.
2. The alkaline gut pH solubilises the crystals and activates the toxin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Activated toxin makes pores in gut cells.

Question 9: How many documented varieties of basmati rice, distinct for unique aroma and flavour, are grown in India?
(a) 27
(b) 25
(c) 28
(d) 26
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 27

Explanation:
1. India has about 27 documented varieties of basmati rice.
2. Patenting by a foreign company raised a biopiracy issue.

Teacher's Note:
1. Basmati is recognised for aroma and flavour.

Question 10: Over 95 percent of all existing transgenic animals are:
(a) Pigs
(b) Cows
(c) Fish
(d) Mice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mice

Explanation:
1. Mice are the most common transgenic animals.
2. They are small, breed fast and are well studied.

Teacher's Note:
1. Transgenic mice are used as models for diseases.

Question 11: Use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned, without compensatory payment, is called:
(a) Biotheft
(b) Biopatent
(c) Biopiracy
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Biopiracy

Explanation:
1. Exploiting bioresources without authorisation or payment is biopiracy.
2. Patenting of basmati and turmeric are examples.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bioethics prevents such exploitation.

Question 12: The Cry1Ab gene produces proteins which control:
(a) Cotton bollworms
(b) Corn borer
(c) Both cotton bollworms and corn borer
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Corn borer

Explanation:
1. Cry1Ab encodes the protein which controls the corn borer.
2. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab control cotton bollworms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt corn controls the corn borer.

Question 13: Critical research areas of biotechnology are: providing the best catalyst; creating optimal conditions through engineering; downstream processing technologies. These are:
(a) Only providing the best catalyst
(b) Only creating optimal conditions
(c) Only downstream processing
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. All three are the critical research areas listed in NCERT.
2. Together they enable large scale production.

Teacher's Note:
1. Catalyst can be an improved microbe or pure enzyme.

Question 14: The bacterium genetically engineered for cleaning oil spills is:
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Pseudomonas putida
(c) Salmonella typhimurium
(d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Pseudomonas putida

Explanation:
1. Ananda Chakrabarty engineered Pseudomonas putida to degrade hydrocarbons.
2. It is called the superbug.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was the first patented living organism.

Question 15: The bacterium known as 'superbug' is:
(a) Pseudomonas putida
(b) Salmonella
(c) Escherichia
(d) Agrobacterium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Pseudomonas putida

Explanation:
1. Pseudomonas putida was engineered to degrade multiple hydrocarbons of oil.
2. It is therefore called a superbug.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is used for oil spill clean-up.

Question 16: Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as:
(a) Transgenic animals
(b) Genetically modified animals
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both of the above

Explanation:
1. Such animals are known as transgenic animals or GM animals.
2. Both terms are used.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples are mice, rabbits, pigs and sheep.

Question 17: When cut by a restriction enzyme, DNA fragments can be joined together using:
(a) DNA polymerase
(b) DNA ligase
(c) Alkaline phosphatase
(d) DNA gyrase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) DNA ligase

Explanation:
1. DNA ligase seals the sugar-phosphate backbone.
2. The other enzymes do not join DNA fragments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alkaline phosphatase removes phosphates.

Question 18: Genetically engineered human insulin is made in:
(a) Fungus
(b) Protista
(c) Plants
(d) Bacterium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Bacterium

Explanation:
1. Humulin is made using E. coli.
2. It was made by Eli Lilly.

Teacher's Note:
1. The insulin chains were expressed separately.

Question 19: Genetically engineered bacteria are being used in the commercial production of:
(a) Melatonin
(b) Testosterone
(c) Thyroxine
(d) Human insulin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Human insulin

Explanation:
1. E. coli with human insulin gene produces insulin commercially.
2. Hormones like testosterone are not produced this way.

Teacher's Note:
1. Insulin was the first recombinant therapeutic.

Question 20: Meloidogyne incognita infects the root of which plant?
(a) Potato
(b) Soyabean
(c) Tobacco
(d) Tomato
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Tobacco

Explanation:
1. It infects tobacco roots and reduces yield.
2. RNAi was used to protect tobacco.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is a nematode.

Question 21: The proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control:
(a) Cotton bollworms
(b) Corn borer
(c) Cotton borer
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cotton bollworms

Explanation:
1. The proteins encoded by cryIAc and cryIIAb control cotton bollworms.
2. cryIAb controls corn borer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bt cotton has these genes.

Question 22: The first transgenic cow Rosie produced:
(a) Human protein-enriched milk (alpha-lactalbumin)
(b) Human alpha-1 antitrypsin rich milk
(c) Human insulin-rich milk
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Human protein-enriched milk (alpha-lactalbumin)

Explanation:
1. Rosie produced milk enriched with human alpha-lactalbumin.
2. It was nutritionally more balanced for babies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is another product.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications

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